Ukuhlukaniswa kwamafutha ezimoto ngokuya nge-ILSAC
Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-ILSAC: izinhlinzeko ezijwayelekile
Engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu lama-XNUMX, i-United States neJapane athuthuka ngokubambisana cishe kuzo zonke izici zomsebenzi. Ngakho-ke, izindinganiso eziningi, ukucaciswa kanye neminye imibhalo yokulawula ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene kulawa mazwe kunokuthile okufanayo noma okufanayo ngokuphelele. Lesi simo asizange sidlule ingxenye yamafutha ezimoto ezimotweni.
Sekukonke, kunezimpawu ezi-4 ezaziwa ngokujwayelekile zamafutha ezimoto emhlabeni: i-SAE, i-API, i-ACEA ne-ILSAC. Futhi okokugcina, ukuhlukaniswa kweJapan kwe-ILSAC, kungomncane kunabo bonke. Siyaqaphela ngaso leso sikhathi ukuthi ukuhlukaniswa kwezinto zokugcoba ngezigaba ngokuya ngesistimu yokuma yaseJapan kuhlanganisa kuphela izinjini ezivuthayo zikaphethiloli zangaphakathi zezimoto zabagibeli. Ukugunyazwa kwe-ILSAC akusebenzi ezinjinini zikadizili.
Izinga lokuqala le-ILSAC GF-1 livele emuva ngo-1992. Yakhiwe ngesisekelo sezinga le-American API SH ngokubambisana phakathi kwezinhlangano zaseJapane nezaseMelika zabakhiqizi bezimoto. Izidingo zamafutha ezimoto ezibalulwe kulo mbhalo, ngokwemibandela yezobuchwepheshe, i-API SH eyimpinda ngokuphelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-1996, kwakhululwa indinganiso entsha ye-ILSAC GF-2. Yona, njengombhalo odlule, kwakuyikhophi yekilasi le-American SJ API, elibhalwe kabusha ngendlela yesiJapane.
Namuhla, lawa makilasi amabili athathwa njengokungasasebenzi futhi awasetshenziselwa ukulebula amafutha ezimoto asanda kukhiqizwa. Nokho, uma imoto idinga GF-1 noma GF-2 isigaba sokuthambisa injini yayo, zingashintshwa ngaphandle kokwesaba amafutha amasha aleli zinga.
I-ILSAC GF-3
Ngo-2001, abakhiqizi bakawoyela wenjini yezimoto baseJapan baphoqeleka ukuthi bazivumelanise nezinga elisha: ILSAC GF-3. Ngamagama obuchwepheshe, ikopishwe ekilasini le-American API SL. Kodwa-ke, emakethe yasekhaya yaseJapan, isigaba esisha se-GF-3 samafutha sasinezidingo eziphakeme zokukhipha umoya. Ezimweni zeziqhingi ezigcwele kakhulu, le mfuneko ibonakala inengqondo.
Futhi, amafutha enjini ye-ILSAC GF-3 kwakufanele anikeze umnotho obaluleke kakhulu kaphethiloli kanye nokuvikelwa okwengeziwe kwenjini ekulimaleni ngaphansi kwemithwalo enzima. Kakade ngaleso sikhathi, emphakathini wabakhiqizi bezimoto baseJapane, kwakukhona ukuthambekela kokunciphisa i-viscosity yamafutha emoto. Futhi lokhu okudingekayo kusuka ku-low-viscosity lubricant anda izakhiwo zokuzivikela emazingeni okushisa okusebenza.
Njengamanje, leli zinga alisetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwamafutha emoto, futhi amathini anamafutha amasha awazange amakwe ngawo emakethe yasekhaya yaseJapan iminyaka eminingana. Nokho, ngaphandle kwaleli zwe, usengathola amathini amafutha ekilasi le-ILSAC GF-3.
I-ILSAC GF-4
Leli zinga lakhishwa ngokusemthethweni njengomhlahlandlela wabakhiqizi bakawoyela wezimoto ngo-2004. Ngokulandelayo, ikopishwe kusukela kuzinga le-American Petroleum Institute API SM. Emakethe yasekhaya yaseJapan, kancane kancane ishiya amashalofu, inikeze indawo ekilasini elisha.
Izinga le-ILSAC GF-4, ngaphezu kokukhulisa izidingo zobungani bemvelo bokukhishwa kwegesi ekhishwayo kanye nokusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli, liphinde lilawule imikhawulo ye-viscosity. Wonke amafutha e-GF-4 ane-viscosity ephansi. I-viscosity ye-ILSAC GF-4 greases isukela ku-0W-20 kuya ku-10W-30. Okungukuthi, awekho ama-original ILSAC GF-4 amafutha emakethe ane-viscosity, isibonelo, i-15W-40.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-ILSAC GF-4 kusakazeke kakhulu emazweni aseJapan angenisa izimoto. Abakhiqizi abaningi bokugcoba abakhiqiza amafutha enjini ezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi zezimoto zaseJapane bakhiqiza imikhiqizo evamile ye-GF-4 ezinhlobonhlobo ze-viscosities.
I-ILSAC GF-5
Kuze kube manje, izinga le-ILSAC GF-5 lihamba phambili futhi lisabalele. Iphinda ikilasi lamanje eligunyazwe i-American Petroleum Institute for API SM petrol ICEs. Ikhishwe i-GF-5 njengesiqondiso sabakhiqizi bakawoyela bezimoto ngo-2010.
Ngaphezu kwezimfuneko ezikhulayo zokonga amandla nokusebenza kwemvelo, uwoyela we-ILSAC GF-5 kufanele avikele injini ngendlela enokwethenjelwa uma esebenza ku-bioethanol. Lawa maphethiloli adume kabi “ngokubi” uma kuqhathaniswa nophethiloli ophuma ku-petroleum futhi udinga ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe enjinini. Kodwa-ke, izindinganiso zemvelo kanye nesifiso saseJapane sokunciphisa umoya ongcolile kubeke abakhiqizi bezimoto ebhokisini eliqinile. I-ILSAC GF-5 iphinde ihlinzekele ukukhiqizwa kwezithambisi ezine-viscosity engakaze ibonwe ngesikhathi sokugunyazwa kwedokhumenti: 0W-16.
Njengamanje, onjiniyela bezokuthutha emigwaqweni baseJapan nabaseMelika kanye nonjiniyela bamafutha bathuthukisa indinganiso ye-ILSAC GF-6. Isibikezelo sokuqala sokukhishwa kwesigaba esibuyekeziwe samafutha ezimoto ngokusho kwe-ILSAC besihlelelwe uJanuwari 2018. Kodwa-ke, ekuqaleni kuka-2019, izinga elisha alizange livele.
Noma kunjalo, ngezinsiza zolimi lwesiNgisi, abakhiqizi abaziwayo bamafutha ezimoto nezithasiselo sebevele bamemezele ukuvela kwesizukulwane esisha samafutha emoto nge-ILSAC GF-6 ejwayelekile. Kuze kwaba nolwazi lokuthi ukuhlukaniswa kwe-ILSAC okusha kuzohlukanisa izinga le-GF-6 libe yizigaba ezimbili: i-GF-6 ne-GF-6B. Uyini ngempela umehluko phakathi kwalezi zigaba ezincane akwaziwa ngokuqinisekile.
