Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwe-antifreeze g11, g12, g13
Ukwakheka kwengxenye
Isisekelo sezinto ezipholile (izipholile) amanzi acwengekile axutshwe ne-mono- kanye ne-polyhydric alcohols ngezilinganiso ezihlukahlukene. Ama-Corrosion inhibitors kanye nezithasiselo ze-fluorescent (amadayi) nazo zethulwa kuma-concentrates. I-Ethylene glycol, i-propylene glycol noma i-glycerin (kufika ku-20%) isetshenziswa njengesisekelo sotshwala.
- amanzi distillate
Kusetshenziswa amanzi ahlanzekile, athambile. Uma kungenjalo, ukukala ngendlela yediphozithi ye-carbonate ne-phosphate izokwakheka ku-grill yerediyetha nasezindongeni zamapayipi.
- I-Ethanediol
I-Dihydric saturated alcohol, ayinambala futhi ayinaphunga. Uketshezi olunamafutha anobuthi olunephuzu lokuqandisa elingu -12 °C. Inezinto zokugcoba. Ukuthola i-antifreeze esenziwe ngomumo, ingxube ye-ethylene glycol engu-75% namanzi angama-25% isetshenziswa. Okuqukethwe kwezithasiselo kuzitshwa (ngaphansi kuka-1%).
- I-Propanediol
Kuphinde kube yi-propylene glycol - i-homologue eseduze kakhulu ye-ethanediol enama-athomu ekhabhoni amathathu eketango. Uketshezi olungenabuthi olunokunambitheka okubabayo okuncane. I-antifreeze yezentengiso ingase ibe no-25%, 50%, noma 75% we-propylene glycol. Ngenxa yezindleko eziphakeme, isetshenziswa kancane kune-ethanediol.
Izinhlobo zezithasiselo
I-Ethylene glycol antifreeze yezimoto i-oxidizes ngesikhathi sokusebenza isikhathi eside futhi yenza i-glycolic, i-formic acid engavamile. Ngakho, indawo ene-acidic engalungile yensimbi yenziwa. Ukuze ukhiphe izinqubo ze-oxidative, izithasiselo ezilwa nokugqwala zingeniswa kupholisa.
- I-Inorganic corrosion inhibitors
Noma "yendabuko" - izingxube ezisekelwe kusawoti we-silicates, nitrate, nitrite noma we-phosphate. Izithasiselo ezinjalo zisebenza njengesivimbeli se-alkali futhi zakha ifilimu ye-inert endaweni yensimbi, evimbela imiphumela yotshwala nemikhiqizo yayo ye-oxidation. Ama-antifreeze ane-inorganic inhibitors amakwe ngegama elithi "G11" futhi anombala oluhlaza noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ama-Inorganic inhibitors afakiwe ekwakhiweni kwe-antifreeze, isipholisali esikhiqizwa ekhaya. Impilo yesevisi ikhawulelwe eminyakeni emi-2.
- Ama-Organic Inhibitors
Ngenxa yensiza elinganiselwe yama-inorganic inhibitors, ama-analogues anobungani bemvelo futhi amelana namakhemikhali, ama-carboxylates, athuthukisiwe. Usawoti we-carboxylic acids awuvikeli yonke indawo yokusebenza, kodwa kuphela isikhungo sokugqwala, esimboza indawo ngefilimu encane. Iqokwe njengokuthi "G12". Impilo yesevisi - kufika eminyakeni emi-5. Zibomvu noma zibomvana ngombala.
- okuxubile
Kwezinye izimo, "izinto eziphilayo" zixubene ne "inorganics" ukuze kutholwe ama-antifreeze ayingxube. Uketshezi luyingxube ye-carboxylates nosawoti we-inorganic. Ubude besikhathi sokusetshenziswa abukho ngaphezu kweminyaka emi-3. Umbala oluhlaza.
- Ilobrid
Ukwakhiwa kwe-concentrate esimweni esinjalo kufaka phakathi ama-reagents amaminerali kanye nezithako ze-anti-corrosion ephilayo. I-former yakha i-nanofilm phezu kwendawo yonke yensimbi, yokugcina ivikela izindawo ezilimele. Isikhathi sokusetshenziswa sifinyelela eminyakeni engama-20.
isiphetho
Isipholisi sehlisa izinga lokuqandisa lamanzi futhi sinciphise i-coefficient yokunwetshwa. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwe-antifreeze kuyinhlanganisela yamanzi acwecwe ane-alcohol, futhi kufaka phakathi ama-corrosion inhibitors namadayi.
