Uhlelo lokushisa elektroniki

Imoto uhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, noma ngabe sibhekene ne-classic yakudala. Idivayisi yemoto ifaka inamba enkulu yezinqubo, imihlangano nezinhlelo ezithi, uma zisebenzisana, zikuvumele ukuthi wenze umsebenzi wokuthuthwa kwempahla nabagibeli.

Iyunithi eyisihluthulelo enikeza amandla okushintsha kwemoto iyimoto. Injini yomlilo yangaphakathi enikwa amandla ngophethiloli, noma ngabe iluhlobo luni lwemoto, noma ngabe iyisikuta, izofakwa ngohlelo lokuthungela. Umgomo wokusebenza kwophiko lukadizili uyehluka ngokuthi i-VTS esesilindini iyakhanya ngenxa yokujovwa kukaphethiloli engxenyeni yomoya oshiswa ukucindezelwa okuphezulu. Funda ngokuthi iyiphi imoto engcono. kokunye ukubuyekeza.

Manje sizogxila kakhulu ohlelweni lokuthungela. I-carburetor ICE izofakelwa oxhumana naye noma ukuguqulwa kokuxhumana... Sekuvele kukhona izindatshana ezihlukene ngesakhiwo sazo nomehluko. Ngokuthuthukiswa kwe-elekthronikhi nokwethulwa kwayo kancane kancane ezimotweni, imoto yesimanje ithole uhlelo lukaphethiloli oluthuthukisiwe (funda ngezinhlobo zezinhlelo zokujova lapha), kanye nohlelo lokuthungela oluthuthukisiwe.

Cabanga ukuthi luyini uhlelo lokuthungela ngogesi, ukuthi lusebenza kanjani, ukubaluleka kwalo ekushiseni kwenhlanganisela kaphethiloli womoya namandla emoto. Masibone futhi ukuthi buphi ububi bale ntuthuko.

Luyini uhlelo lokuthungela ngogesi

Uma kuthintana nezinhlelo zokuxhumana nezingesizo ezokuxhumana, ukwakhiwa nokusatshalaliswa kwenhlansi kwenziwa ngemishini nangengxenye yombane, khona-ke le-SZ ingeyohlobo lwe-elektroniki kuphela. Yize izinhlelo zangaphambilini zisebenzisa ngokwengxenye amadivayisi kagesi, anezici zemishini.

Isibonelo, oxhumana naye u-SZ usebenzisa isiphazamisi sesiginali yemishini esenza ukuthi ukucisha kwamandla wamandla aphansi akwehle kwikhoyili nokukhiqizwa kwe-high voltage pulse. Futhi iqukethe i-distributor esebenza ngokuvala othintana nabo be-spark plug ehambisanayo besebenzisa isilayida esijikelezayo. Kuhlelo lokuxhumana, i-mechanical breaker yathathelwa indawo inzwa yeHholo efakwe kusabalalisi, enesakhiwo esifanayo nasisohlelweni lwangaphambilini (ukuthola eminye imininingwane ngesakhiwo sayo kanye nokusebenza kwayo, funda ngokubuyekezwa okuhlukile).

Uhlobo olususelwa ku-microprocessor lwe-SZ nalo lubhekwa njengokuxhumana, kepha ukuze lungadali ukudideka, lubizwa nge-elektroniki. Azikho izinto ezenziwa ngomshini kulokhu kuguqulwa, yize futhi iqhubeka nokulungisa ijubane lokujikeleza kwe-crankshaft ukuze kunqunywe isikhathi lapho kudingeka khona ukunikezela inhlansi kuma-spark plugs.

Ezimotweni zesimanje, le SZ iqukethe izinto eziningana ezibalulekile, umsebenzi wazo osuselwa ekudalweni nasekusatshalalisweni kwezifiso zikagesi zamanani ahlukile. Ukuzivumelanisa, kukhona izinzwa ezikhethekile ezingekho ekuguqulweni kwesistimu kwangaphambilini. Enye yalezi zinzwa yi-DPKV, okukhona ngayo hlukanisa i-athikili enemininingwane.

Ukushisa kwe-elekthronikhi kuvame ukuxhumeka ngokungenakuhlukaniswa nokusebenza kwamanye amasistimu, isibonelo, uphethiloli, ukuqeda nokupholisa. Zonke izinqubo zilawulwa yi-ECU (iyunithi yokulawula ngogesi). Le microprocessor ihlelwe efektri ngamapharamitha wemoto ethile. Uma ukwehluleka kwenzeka kusoftware noma kuma-actuator, iyunithi yokulawula ilungisa lokhu kungasebenzi kahle bese ikhipha isaziso esihambelanayo kudeshibhodi (imvamisa kuyisithonjana senjini noma umbhalo we-Check Engine).

Ezinye izinkinga zisuswa ngokusetha kabusha amaphutha akhonjwe enqubweni yokuxilongwa kwekhompyutha. Le nqubo ihamba kanjani, funda lapha... Kwezinye izimoto kutholakala inketho ejwayelekile yokuzihlola, evumela ukuthi unqume ukuthi iyini ngempela inkinga, nokuthi kungenzeka yini ukuyilungisa ngokwakho. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukubiza imenyu ehambelana yohlelo ebhodini. Lokhu kungenziwa kanjani kwezinye izimoto, kusho ngokwehlukana.

Inani lohlelo lokuthungela ngogesi

Umsebenzi wanoma isiphi isistimu yokuthungela akukhona nje ukufaka ingxube yomoya nophethiloli. Idivayisi yayo kufanele ifake izindlela eziningana ezinquma isikhathi esisebenza kahle kakhulu lapho kungaba ngcono ukukwenza.

Uma iyunithi yamandla isebenza ngemodi eyodwa kuphela, ukusebenza kahle kakhulu kungasuswa noma kunini. Kepha lolu hlobo lokusebenza alusebenzi. Isibonelo, imoto ayidingi ama-revs aphezulu ukuze ingenzi lutho. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho imoto ilayishwa noma ihamba ngejubane, idinga ukukhuphuka ngamandla. Vele, lokhu kungatholakala nge-gearbox enenani elikhulu lejubane, kufaka phakathi isivinini esiphansi nesiphezulu. Kodwa-ke, indlela enjalo ingaba yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu hhayi kuphela ukuyisebenzisa, kepha futhi nokugcina.

Ngaphezu kwalokhu kuphazamiseka, isivinini senjini esizinzile ngeke sivumele abakhiqizi ukuthi bakhiqize ama-nimble, anamandla futhi ngasikhathi sinye izimoto ezonga. Ngalezi zizathu, ngisho namayunithi kagesi alula afakelwe uhlelo lokudla oluzovumela umshayeli ukuthi akwazi ukunquma ngokuzimela ukuthi yiziphi izici imoto yakhe okufanele ibe nazo esimweni esithile. Uma edinga ukushayela kancane, ngokwesibonelo, ukushayelela emotweni ephambi kwakhe ujamu, wehlisa isivinini senjini. Kepha ukusheshisa okusheshayo, isibonelo, ngaphambi kokuqwala okude noma lapho kudlula, umshayeli udinga ukukhuphula isivinini senjini.

Inkinga yokushintsha lezi zindlela ihlotshaniswa nokukhethekile kokushisa kwenhlanganisela yamafutha omoya. Esimweni esijwayelekile, lapho injini ingalayishiwe futhi umshini umile, i-BTC ikhanya kusuka enhlakeni eyenziwe yi-spark plug ngesikhathi lapho i-piston ifinyelela esikhungweni esiphezulu esifile, yenza ukushaywa yisifo sokucindezela (ngakho konke ukushaywa yenjini engu-4-stroke no-2-stroke, funda kokunye ukubuyekeza). Kepha lapho umthwalo ufakwa enjinini, isibonelo, imoto iqala ukuhamba, ingxube kufanele iqale ukukhanyisa ku-TDC yama-piston noma ama-millisecond kamuva.

Lapho isivinini sikhuphuka, ngenxa yamandla angenawo amandla, i-piston idlula lapho kusetshenzelwa khona ngokushesha, okuholela ekukhanyeni okwephuze kakhulu kwenhlanganisela yomoya kaphethiloli. Ngalesi sizathu, inhlansi kufanele iqaliswe ngamamillisekondi ambalwa ngaphambili. Lo mphumela ubizwa ngokuthi isikhathi sokushisa. Ukulawula le parameter ngomunye umsebenzi wohlelo lokuthungela.

Ezimotweni zokuqala zale njongo, kwakukhona i-lever ekhethekile egumbini lezokuthutha, ngokuhambisa, lapho umshayeli azishintsha ngokuzimela le-UOZ kuye ngesimo esithile. Ukwenza le nqubo isebenze, izilawuli ezimbili zengezwe ohlelweni lokuthinta oxhumana nabo: i-vacuum ne-centrifugal. Izakhi ezifanayo zithuthele kwi-BSZ esezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu.

Njengoba ingxenye ngayinye yenze ukulungiswa kwemishini kuphela, ukusebenza kwayo bekukhawulelwe. Ukulungiswa okunembe kakhudlwana kweyunithi kumodi oyifunayo kungenzeka kuphela ngenxa ye-elekthronikhi. Lesi senzo sinikezwe ngokuphelele kwiyunithi yokulawula.

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi i-SZ esekelwa ku-microprocessor isebenza kanjani, okokuqala udinga ukuqonda idivayisi yayo.

Ukwakheka kwesistimu yokuthungela yenjini yomjovo

Injini yomjovo isebenzisa i-electronic ignition, ehlanganisa:

• Isilawuli;
• Inzwa yesikhundla se-Crankshaft (DPKV);
• I-pulley yamazinyo (ukunquma isikhathi sokwakheka kwe-pulse high-voltage);
• Imojula yokushisa;
• Izintambo eziphezulu ze-voltage;
• Spark plugs.

Ake sibheke izici ezibalulekile ngokwehlukana.

Imojula yokushisa

Imojula yokuthungela iqukethe amakhoyili amabili okuthungela kanye nezinkinobho ezimbili zokushintshwa kwe-high-voltage. Amakhoyili okushisa anomsebenzi wokuguqula amandla kagesi aphansi abe ishayela kagesi ephezulu. Le nqubo yenzeka ngenxa yokunqanyulwa kungazelelwe kwama-winging eyinhloko, ngenxa yokuthi i-voltage ephezulu ibangelwa ukujikajika kwesibili okuseduze.

I-high-voltage pulse iyadingeka ukuze kukhiqizwe ukukhipha ugesi okwanele kuma-spark plugs ukuze kuthungele ingxube yomoya/yephethiloli. I-switch iyadingeka ukuze uvule futhi uvale ukuphenduka kokuqala kwekhoyili yokuthungela ngesikhathi esifanele.

Isikhathi sokusebenza sale module sithonywa isivinini semoto. Ngokusekelwe kule pharamitha, isilawuli sinquma isivinini sokuvula/ukuvala sekhoyili yokuvutha.

Izintambo zokushisa amandla kagesi aphezulu

Njengoba igama liphakamisa, lezi zici zenzelwe ukuthwala amandla kagesi aphezulu ukusuka kumojula yokuthungela ukuya ku-spark plug. Lezi zintambo zine-cross-section enkulu futhi i-insulation eqinile kakhulu kuwo wonke ama-electronics. Kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zocingo ngalunye kukhona ama-lugs ahlinzeka indawo yokuxhumana ephezulu namakhandlela kanye nomhlangano wokuxhumana wemodule.

Ukuze uvimbele izintambo ukuthi zenze ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic (zizovimbela ukusebenza kwamanye ama-electronics emotweni), izintambo ezinama-voltage aphezulu zinokumelana kwama-ohms angu-6 kuya kwangu-15 ayizinkulungwane. Uma i-insulation yezintambo ngisho nokugqashuka kancane, lokhu kuthinta ukusebenza kwenjini (i-MTC ivutha kabi noma injini ingaqali nhlobo, futhi amakhandlela ahlala egcwele amanzi).

Spark plugs

Ukuze ingxube yesibaseli somoya ivutha ngokuzinza, ama-spark plug afakwa enjinini, lapho kufakwa khona izintambo ezinamandla kagesi eziphuma kumojula yokuthungela. Kukhona incazelo yezici zokuklama kanye nesimiso sokusebenza kwamakhandlela. isihloko esihlukile.

Ngamafuphi, ikhandlela ngalinye line-electrode ephakathi nendawo (kungaba nama-electrode amabili noma ngaphezulu). Uma ukusonga okuyinhloko kukhoyili kunqanyulwa, amandla akhona kagesi aphezulu ageleza asuka emongweni wesibili adlule kumojula yokuthungela aye entanjeni ehambisanayo. Njengoba ama-electrode e-spark plug engaxhunywanga komunye nomunye, kodwa anegebe elilinganiselwe ngokunembile, kwakhiwa ukuwohloka phakathi kwawo - i-arc kagesi eshisa i-VTS ekushiseni kokushisa.

Amandla enhlansi ancike ngokuqondile egebeni eliphakathi kwama-electrode, amandla amanje, uhlobo lwama-electrode, kanye nekhwalithi yokushiswa kwengxube kaphethiloli womoya kuncike engcindezini kusilinda kanye nekhwalithi yale ngxube (ukugcwala kwayo).

Inzwa yendawo ye-Crankshaft (DPKV)

Le nzwa iyingxenye ebalulekile ohlelweni lokuthungela ngogesi. Ivumela isilawuli ukuthi sihlale silungisa isikhundla se-pistons kumasilinda (okuyinto yawo ezoba sesikhungweni esiphezulu esifile se-stroke yokucindezela ngasiphi isikhathi). Ngaphandle kwamasiginali asuka kule nzwa, isilawuli ngeke sikwazi ukunquma ukuthi i-voltage ephezulu kumele ifakwe nini kupulaki ye-spark ethile. Kulokhu, ngisho noma uphethiloli kanye nezinhlelo zokuthungela zisesimweni esihle, injini ngeke iqale.

Inzwa ithola ukuma kwamapiston ngegiya eliyindandatho ku-crankshaft pulley. Ngokwesilinganiso inamazinyo angaba ngu-60, kanti amabili awo awekho. Esikhathini sokuqala kwe-motor, i-pulley yamazinyo nayo iyajikeleza. Lapho inzwa (isebenza ngesimiso senzwa yeHholo) ithola ukungabikho kwamazinyo, i-pulse ikhiqizwa kuyo, eya kumlawuli.

Ngokusekelwe kulesi siginali, ama-algorithms ahlelwe umenzi aqalwa kuyunithi yokulawula, enquma i-UOZ, izigaba zokujova uphethiloli, ukusebenza kwama-injection, kanye nemodi yokusebenza kwemojula yokuthungela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinsimbi (isibonelo, tachometer) usebenza amasignali kule inzwa.

Isimiso sokusebenza kohlelo lokuthungela ngogesi

Isistimu iqala umsebenzi wayo ngokuyixhuma ebhethri. Iqembu lokuxhumana lesicisha-mlilo ezimotweni eziningi zesimanje libhekene nalokhu, futhi kwezinye izinhlobo ezinokufakwa okungenamakhi kanye nenkinobho yokuqalisa yeyunithi yamandla, iyazivula ngokushesha nje lapho umshayeli ecindezela inkinobho ethi "Qala". Kwezinye izimoto zesimanje, uhlelo lokushisa lungalawulwa ngeselula (ukuqala okukude kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi).

Izakhi eziningana zibhekene nomsebenzi weSZ. Okubaluleke kakhulu kulokhu inzwa yesikhala se-crankshaft, efakwe ezinhlelweni ze-elektroniki zezinjini zomjovo. Mayelana nokuthi iyini nokuthi isebenza kanjani, funda ngokwehlukana... Inikeza isignali lapho ipiston yesilinda yokuqala izokwenza khona ukushaywa yisifo sokucindezelwa. Lokhu kuqhubekela phambili kuya kwiyunithi yokulawula (ezimotweni ezindala, lo msebenzi wenziwa nge-breaker kanye ne-distributor), esebenzisa i-coil winding ehambisanayo, enesibopho sokwakhiwa kwamandla aphezulu wamanje.

Ngesikhathi sokushintsha isifunda, i-voltage evela ebhethri inikezwa ekushayweni okuyisisekelo okuyisisekelo esifushane. Kepha ukuze kwakhiwe inhlansi, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukujikeleza kwe-crankshaft - kungale ndlela kuphela lapho inzwa yesikhundla se-crankshaft ikwazi ukukhiqiza umfutho wokwakha ugesi wamandla aphezulu. I-crankshaft ngeke ikwazi ukuqala ukuzungeza yodwa. I-starter isetshenziselwa ukuqala imoto. Imininingwane yokuthi le ndlela isebenza kanjani ichazwa ngokwehlukana.

I-starter iphoqa ngenkani i-crankshaft. Kanye nayo, i-flywheel ihlala ijikeleza (funda ngokuguqulwa okuhlukile nemisebenzi yale ngxenye lapha). Kwenziwa imbobo encane ku-crankshaft flange (ngokunembile, amazinyo ambalwa alahlekile). Kufakwa i-DPKV eduze kwale ngxenye, esebenza ngokuya ngomgomo weHholo. Inzwa inquma umzuzu lapho i-piston yesilinda yokuqala isesikhungweni esiphezulu esifile yi-slot ku-flange, yenza ukushaywa kwe-compression.

Amapulse adalwe yi-DPKV anikezwa i-ECU. Ngokuya ngama-algorithm ashumekwe ku-microprocessor, inquma umzuzu ofanele wokwakha inhlansi kusilinda ngamunye. Iyunithi yokulawula bese ithumela i-pulse ku-igniter. Ngokuzenzakalelayo, le ngxenye yohlelo inikezela ngekhoyili ngamandla aqhubekayo ama-volts ayi-12. Lapho nje isitholwa isignali evela ku-ECU, i-transitor ye-ignition iyavala.

Okwamanje, ukunikezwa kukagesi kumazombezombe ayisisekelo ayama ngokuzuma. Lokhu kucasula ukufakwa kwamandla kagesi, ngenxa yokuthi amandla aphezulu wamandla (kufika emashumini ezinkulungwane zama-volts) akhiqizwa kulayini wesibili. Ngokuya ngohlobo lwesistimu, lesi sifinyezo sithunyelwa kusabalalisi be-elekthronikhi, noma ngokushesha sisuka kwekhoyili siye kwi-spark plug.

Esimweni sokuqala, izintambo ezinamandla amakhulu zizoba khona kusifunda se-SZ. Uma ikhoyili yokuthungela ifakwe ngqo epulaki, khona-ke intambo kagesi yonke inezintambo ezijwayelekile ezisetshenziswa kulo lonke isekethe likagesi lohlelo lokugibela lwemoto.

Lapho nje ugesi ungena ekhandleleni, kwakheka ukukhipha phakathi kwama-electrode ayo, okushisa inhlanganisela kaphethiloli (noma igesi, esimweni sokusebenzisa HBO) nomoya. Lapho-ke imoto ingasebenza ngokuzimela, futhi manje asikho isidingo sokuqala. I-elekthronikhi (uma inkinobho yokuqala isetshenzisiwe) inqamula ngokuzenzakalela i-starter. Kuzikimu ezilula, umshayeli ngalesi sikhathi udinga ukukhipha ukhiye, futhi indlela elayishwe entwasahlobo izohambisa iqembu lokuxhumana lenkinobho yokuthungela endaweni yohlelo.

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, isikhathi sokushisa sishintshwa yiyunithi yokulawula uqobo. Ngokuya ngemodeli yemoto, isekethe le-elekthronikhi lingaba nenombolo ehlukile yezinzwa zokufaka, ngokusho kwamapulse lapho i-ECU inquma khona umthwalo kuyunithi yamandla, ijubane lokujikeleza kwe-crankshaft ne-camshaft, kanye neminye imingcele imoto. Zonke lezi zimpawu zicutshungulwa yi-microprocessor futhi ama-algorithms ahambisanayo ayasebenza.

Izinhlobo zohlelo lokuthungela ngogesi

Yize kunezinhlobonhlobo zokuguqulwa kwezinhlelo zokuthungela, zonke zingahlukaniswa ngemibandela zibe izinhlobo ezimbili:

• Ukushisa okuqondile;
• Ignition ngokusebenzisa distributor.

Ama-SZ e-elekthronikhi okuqala afakelwe imodyuli ekhethekile yokuthungela, ebisebenza kumgomo ofanayo nalowo osabalalisa ongathintani naye. Wasabalalisa i-high-voltage pulse kumasilinda athile. Ukulandelana nakho kwakulawulwa yi-ECU. Ngaphandle kokusebenza okuthembekile ngokwengeziwe uma kuqhathaniswa nohlelo lokuxhumana, lokhu kuguqulwa kusadinga ukwenziwa ngcono.

Okokuqala, inani elingabalulekile lamandla lingalahleka ezintanjeni ezisezingeni eliphansi ezisezingeni eliphakeme. Okwesibili, ngenxa yokudlula kwamandla kagesi aphezulu ngezinto ze-elektroniki, ukusetshenziswa kwamamojula akwazi ukusebenza ngaphansi komthwalo onjalo kuyadingeka. Ngalezi zizathu, abenzi bezimoto bakhiqize uhlelo lokuthungela ngqo oluqonde phambili.

Lokhu kuguqulwa kubuye kusebenzise amamojula wokushisa, kuphela asebenza ezimweni ezingalayishwanga kangako. Isifunda se-SZ enjalo sinezintambo ezijwayelekile, futhi ikhandlela ngalinye lithola ikhoyili ngayinye. Kule nguqulo, iyunithi yokulawula icisha i-transistor ye-ignition yesifunda esithile esifushane, ngaleyo ndlela yonge isikhathi sokuhambisa umfutho phakathi kwamasilinda. Yize yonke le nqubo yenzeka kuma-millisecond ambalwa, ngisho nezinguquko ezincane ngalesi sikhathi zingakuthinta kakhulu ukusebenza kweyunithi yamandla.

Njengohlobo lokushisa okuqondile kwe-SZ, kukhona ukuguqulwa ngamakhoyili amabili. Kule nguqulo, i-4-cylinder motor izoxhunywa ohlelweni ngokulandelayo. Owokuqala nowesine, kanye namasilinda wesibili nowesithathu ayalingana. Kuhlelo olunjalo, kuzoba namakhoyili amabili, ngalinye lawo libhekele amapayipi alo awodwa. Lapho iyunithi yokulawula inikezela ngesiginali esinqunyiwe ku-igniter, kukhiqizwa inhlansi ngasikhathi sinye ngamasilinda. Kwesinye sazo, ukukhishwa kukokhela ingxube kaphethiloli womoya, bese okwesibili kungasebenzi.

Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-elekthronikhi

Yize ukufakwa kwe-elekthronikhi ezimotweni zesimanje kwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukuhlinzeka ngokushuna okuhle kweyunithi yamandla nezinhlelo ezahlukahlukene zokuhamba, lokhu akukubeki eceleni ukungasebenzi kahle kohlelo oluzinzile olufana nokuthungela. Ukunquma izinkinga eziningi, kuphela ukuxilongwa kwekhompyutha okuzosiza. Ekunakekelweni okujwayelekile kwemoto enokushisa kwe-elekthronikhi, awudingi ukuthatha inkambo yediploma ku-elekthronikhi, kepha ukungalungi kohlelo ukuthi ungabheka isimo sayo ngokubukeka komsizi wamakhandlela nekhwalithi yezintambo.

Futhi, i-SZ esekelwa ku-microprocessor ayinakho ukonakala okuthile okuyisici sezinhlelo ezedlule. Phakathi kwala maphutha:

• Spark plugs ayeke ukusebenza. Kusuka endatshaneni ehlukile ungathola ukuthi unganquma kanjani ukusebenza kwazo;
• Ukwephuka kokugwingciza kwekhoyili;
• Uma kusetshenziswa izintambo ezinamandla amakhulu, ngakho-ke ngenxa yokuguga noma ikhwalithi engemihle yokufakwa, zingangena, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kwamandla. Kulokhu, inhlansi ayinamandla kangako (kwezinye izimo, ayikho nhlobo) yokushisa imiphunga kaphethiloli exutshwe nomoya;
• Ukuxhuma koxhumana nabo, okuvame ukuvela ezimotweni eziqhutshwa ezindaweni ezimanzi.

Ngaphezu kwalokhu kwehluleka okujwayelekile, i-ESP nayo ingayeka ukusebenza noma ukungasebenzi kahle ngenxa yokwehluleka kwenzwa eyodwa. Kwesinye isikhathi inkinga ingahle ibe seyunithi yokulawula ngogesi uqobo.

Nazi izizathu eziyinhloko zokuthi kungani uhlelo lokushisa lungase lungasebenzi kahle noma lungasebenzi nhlobo:

• Umnikazi wemoto akakunaki ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile kwemoto (ngesikhathi senqubo, isiteshi sesevisi sihlola futhi sisule amaphutha angadala ukuwohloka okuthile kwe-elekthronikhi);
• Phakathi nenqubo yokulungisa, izingxenye ezisezingeni eliphansi kanye nama-actuator afakiwe, futhi kwezinye izimo, ukuze wonge imali, umshayeli uthenga izingxenye ezisele ezingahambelani nokuguqulwa okuthile kohlelo;
• Umthelela wezinto zangaphandle, isibonelo, ukusebenza noma ukugcinwa kwemoto ezimeni eziphezulu zomswakama.

Izinkinga ngokushiswa zingakhonjiswa ngezinto ezinjengalezi:

• Ukusetshenziswa okwandisiwe kukaphethiloli;
• Ukusabela kabi kwenjini ngokucindezela i-pedal gas. Endabeni ye-UOZ engafanele, ukucindezela i-accelerator pedal, kunalokho, kunganciphisa amandla wemoto;
• Ukusebenza kweyunithi yamandla kwehlile;
• Isivinini senjini esingazinzile noma ngokuvamile simi etafuleni lingenzi lutho
• Injini iqale kabi.

Vele, lezi zimpawu zingakhombisa ukonakala kwezinye izinhlelo, isibonelo, uhlelo lukaphethiloli. Uma kukhona ukwehla kwamandla we-motor, ukungazinzi kwayo, kufanele ubheke isimo se-wiring. Endabeni yokusebenzisa izintambo ezinamandla amakhulu, bangabhoboza, ngenxa yalokho okuzolahleka amandla we-spark. Uma i-DPKV iphuka, imoto ngeke iqale nhlobo.

Ukwanda kokuminza kweyunithi kungahlotshaniswa nokusebenza okungalungile kwamakhandlela, ukuguqulelwa kwe-ECU kwimodi yezimo eziphuthumayo ngenxa yamaphutha akuyo, noma ukuwohloka kwenzwa engenayo. Ezinye izinguquko zezinhlelo zokugibela ezimotweni zinenketho yokuzihlola, lapho umshayeli ekwazi ukukhomba ikhodi yephutha ngokuzimela, bese enza umsebenzi wokulungisa ofanele.

Ukufakwa komlilo we-elekthronikhi emotweni

Uma imoto isebenzisa ukuthungela othintana naye, le sistimu ingashintshwa ngokuthungela ngogesi. Yiqiniso, ngenxa yalokhu kuyadingeka ukuthenga izakhi ezengeziwe, ngaphandle kwalokho uhlelo ngeke lusebenze. Cabangela lokho okudingekayo kulokhu nokuthi umsebenzi wenziwa kanjani.

Silungisa izingxenye ezisele

Ukuze uthuthukise isistimu yokushisa uzodinga:

• I-Trambler yohlobo lokuxhumana. Naye, uzosabalalisa i-high voltage current ngokusebenzisa izintambo ekhandleleni ngalinye. Imoto ngayinye inemodeli yayo yabasabalalisi.
• Shintsha. Lesi yisiphazamisi se-elekthronikhi, ohlelweni lokuthungela othintana naye oluwuhlobo lwemishini (isilayidi esizungeza ku-shaft, sivula / sivale othintana nabo bekhoyili yokuqala yokuvala ikhoyili). Iswishi isabela kuma-pulses kusuka kunzwa yendawo ye-crankshaft futhi ivula / ivale abathintwayo bekhoyili yokuthungela (ukusonga kwayo okuyinhloko).
• Ikhoyili yokuthungela. Ngokuyisisekelo, lena yikhoyili efanayo esetshenziswa ohlelweni lokuthungela othintana naye. Ukuze ikhandlela likwazi ukudabula umoya phakathi kwama-electrode, i-voltage ephezulu iyadingeka. Yakheka ekujikeni kwesibili lapho i-primary ivala.
• Izintambo eziphezulu ze-voltage. Kungcono ukusebenzisa izintambo ezintsha, kunalezo ezazifakwe ohlelweni lwangaphambili lokuthungela.
• Isethi entsha yama-spark plug.

Ngaphezu kwezingxenye eziyinhloko ezibalwe, uzodinga ukuthenga i-pulley ekhethekile ye-crankshaft enegiya lendandatho, i-crankshaft position sensor mount kanye nenzwa ngokwayo.

Inqubo yokufaka

Isembozo sisusiwe ku-distributor (izintambo eziphezulu ze-voltage zixhunywe kuyo). Izintambo ngokwazo zingasuswa. Ngosizo lwe-starter, i-crankshaft iphenduka kancane kuze kube yilapho isixhasi kanye ne-motor yakhe i-engeli engakwesokudla. Ngemuva kokuthi i-engeli ye-resistor isethiwe, i-crankshaft akumele ijikelezwe.

Ukuze usethe kahle isikhathi sokuthungela, udinga ukugxila kumamaki amahlanu aphrintwe kuwo. Umsabalalisi omusha kufanele afakwe ukuze uphawu lwawo oluphakathi luhambisane nophawu oluphakathi lomsabalalisi omdala (ngenxa yalokhu, ngaphambi kokukhipha umsabalalisi omdala, uphawu oluhambisanayo kufanele lufakwe kumotho).

Izintambo ezixhunywe kukhoyili yokuthungela ziyanqanyulwa. Okulandelayo, umsabalalisi omdala uyakhishwa futhi ahlakazwe. I-distributor entsha ifakwe ngokuhambisana ne-mark on motor.

Ngemva kokufaka umsabalalisi, siqhubeka nokushintsha ikhoyili yokuthungela (izakhi zezinhlelo zokuthungela zokuthintwa nezingezona zokuthintwa zihlukile). Ikhoyili ixhunywe kusisabalalisi esisha kusetshenziswa ucingo oluphakathi lwamaphini amathathu.

Ngemuva kwalokho, i-switch ifakwe endaweni yamahhala yegumbi lenjini. Ungayilungisa emzimbeni wemoto usebenzisa izikulufu ezizithephayo noma izikulufu. Ngemva kwalokho, inkinobho ixhunywe kusistimu yokuthungela.

Ngemuva kwalokho, kufakwe i-pulley enamazinyo enegebe lenzwa yesikhundla se-crankshaft. I-DPKV ifakwe eduze nalawa mazinyo (ngenxa yalokhu, kusetshenziswa ubakaki okhethekile, ogxilwe ku-cylinder block housing), oxhunywe ekushintsheni. Kubalulekile ukuthi ukweqiwa kwamazinyo kuhambisane nendawo engaphezulu efile yepiston kusilinda sokuqala ekucindezelekeni.

Izinzuzo zezinhlelo zokuthungela ngogesi

Yize ukulungiswa kwesistimu yokuthungela i-microprocessor kuzobiza umshayeli iphenathi enhle, futhi ukuxilongwa kokungasebenzi kahle kuyizindleko ezengeziwe, uma kuqhathaniswa noxhumana naye kanye no-SZ ongathintwa naye, isebenza kahle futhi ngokuthembekile. Lokhu kuyinzuzo enkulu.

Nazi ezinye izinzuzo ezimbalwa ze-ESP:

• Ezinye izinguquko zingafakwa noma kumayunithi kagesi we-carburetor, okwenza kube lula ukuwasebenzisa ezimotweni ezifuywayo;
• Ngenxa yokungabikho komhambisi oxhumana naye kanye ne-breaker, kungenzeka ukuthi kwandiswe i-voltage yesibili kuze kube kwesisodwa nohhafu. Ngenxa yalokhu, ama-plugs enza inhlansi "enonile", futhi ukuthungela kwe-HTS kuzinzile ngokwengeziwe;
• Isikhathi sokwakheka kwe-high-voltage pulse sinqunywa ngokunembe kakhudlwana, futhi le nqubo izinzile ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokusebenza zenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi;
• Isisetshenziswa esisebenzayo sohlelo lokuthungela sifinyelela kumakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-150 ebangeni lemoto, futhi kwezinye izimo ngisho nangaphezulu;
• Imoto isebenza kahle, kungakhathalekile isikhathi sonyaka nezimo zokusebenza;
• Awudingi ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi se-prophylaxis nokuxilonga, futhi ukulungiswa ezimotweni eziningi kwenzeka ngenxa yokufakwa kwesoftware efanele;
• Ukuba khona kwe-elekthronikhi kukuvumela ukuthi ushintshe imingcele yeyunithi yamandla ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ingxenye yayo yezobuchwepheshe. Isibonelo, abanye abashayeli benza inqubo yokulungisa i-chip. Mayelana nokuthi yiziphi izinqubo ezithinta le nqubo, nokuthi yenziwa kanjani, funda kokunye ukubuyekeza... Ngamafuphi, lokhu ukufakwa kwenye isoftware engathinti kuphela uhlelo lokuthungela, kepha futhi nesikhathi nekhwalithi yomjovo kaphethiloli. Uhlelo lungalandwa kwi-Intanethi mahhala, kepha kulokhu kudingeka uqiniseke ngokuphelele ukuthi isoftware inekhwalithi ephezulu futhi ifanela imoto ethile.

Yize ukuthungela ngogesi kubiza kakhulu ukukulungisa nokulungisa, futhi umsebenzi omningi kumele wenziwe ngongoti, lokhu kusilela kubuyiswa ukusebenza okuzinzile kanye nezinye izinzuzo esizicabangile.

Le vidiyo ibonisa ukuthi ungayifaka kanjani ngokuzimela i-ESP kuma-Classics:

Uhlelo lwe-MPSZ. Microprocessor lokushisa.

Ividiyo ngesihloko

Nansi ividiyo emfushane yokuthi inqubo yokushintsha usuka ohlelweni lokuthungela othintana naye uye kwele-elekthronikhi lubukeka kanjani:

Ukufakwa ukuthungela electronic ku-VAZ 2101-2107.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Isetshenziswa kuphi isistimu ye-electronic ignition? Zonke izimoto zanamuhla, kungakhathaliseki isigaba, ifakwe uhlelo ukuthungela. Kuyo, wonke ama-impulses akhiqizwa futhi asatshalaliswa kuphela ngenxa ye-electronics.

Ngabe isebenza kanjani i-electronic ignition? I-DPKV ilungisa umzuzu we-TDC wesilinda sokuqala ekucindezeleni ukushaywa, ithumela ukushaya kwenhliziyo ku-ECU. Iswishi ithumela isignali kukhoyili yokuthungela (okuvamile kanye ne-high-voltage current ku-spark plug noma kumuntu ngamunye).

Yini efakiwe ohlelweni lokuthungela ngogesi? Ixhunywe ebhethrini, futhi ine: inkinobho yokushisa, ikhoyili / s, ama-spark plugs, iyunithi yokulawula ye-elekthronikhi (yenza umsebenzi weswishi kanye nomsabalalisi), izinzwa zokufaka.

Yiziphi izinzuzo zesistimu yokuthungela ngaphandle kokuthinta? Inhlansi enamandla kakhulu futhi ezinzile (akukho ukulahleka kukagesi koxhumana nabo bephula noma umsabalalisi). Ngenxa yalokhu, uphethiloli uvutha ngokuphumelelayo futhi i-exhaust ihlanzekile.