I-Trambler: idivaysi, ukungasebenzi kahle, hlola

Kunezinto ezihlukile ohlelweni lokuthungela imoto, ekusebenzeni okuthembela ekunikezeni inhlansi ngesikhathi esifanele kusilinda othile. Emotweni yesimanje, le nqubo ilawulwa ngogesi ngokuya ngesoftware efakwe kuyunithi yokulawula.

Izimoto ezindala (hhayi ezakudala zasekhaya kuphela, kepha namamodeli angaphandle) zinemishini eminingi yemishini ehambisa amasiginali kuzindawo ezahlukahlukene zohlelo. Phakathi kwalezi zindlela kukhona umsabalalisi.

Yini umthengisi?

Le ngxenye ibizwa nangokuthi i-breaker distributor ohlelweni lokuthungela. Njengoba igama liphakamisa, le ndlela ibandakanyekile ukuvala / ukuvula isekethe lenye yamasekethe kagesi wemoto.

Ingxenye ingatholakala ngeso lenyama ngokuphakamisa ihood. Isabalalisi sizotholakala endaweni yesembozo sekhanda lesilinda. Ayikwazi ukudideka nganoma yini, ngoba izintambo ezinamandla amakhulu zixhunywe kusembozo sayo.

Kuyini kusabalalisi?

Umsabalalisi uqinisekisa ukunikezwa okufika ngesikhathi komfutho ovela kwiyunithi yekhanda (ikhoyili yokushisa). Izinqubo ezine ezahlukahlukene zenzeka kwisilinda ngasinye senjini yokushaywa unhlangothi ezine, eziphindaphindwayo ngokulandelana kokujikeleza.

Ngokulandelana okuthile kumasilinda (akuzona zonke izinjini ezine-stroke order efanayo), ingxube ye-air-petrol icindezelwe. Lapho le parameter ifinyelela inani layo eliphakeme (ukucindezelwa kwenjini), ipulaki le-spark kufanele lenze okukhishwayo egumbini lomlilo.

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzungeza kahle kwe-crankshaft, imivimbo ayenzeki ngokulandelana, kepha kuya ngesikhundla semikhonto. Isibonelo, kwezinye izinjini ezingama-6-cylinder, i-spark plug ukudubula i-oda imi kanjena. Okokuqala, kwakhiwa inhlansi kusilinda sokuqala, bese kuthi kwesesithathu, bese kuba kwesesine, bese kuthi umjikelezo uphele ngowesibili.

Ukuze inhlansi yakheke kahle ngokuhambisana nokuhleleka kwemijikelezo yewashi, kudingeka umsabalalisi. Iphazamisa isekethe kagesi kwamanye amasekethe, kepha inikezela kwamanje kokuthize.

Ukuthungelwa kwenhlanganisela kaphethiloli ngaphandle komsabalalisi ohlelweni lokuxhumana akunakwenzeka, ngoba ihambisa ukuhleleka kokusebenza kwamasilinda. Ukuze i-voltage ifike ngesikhathi esichazwe ngokuqinile, imodyuli ivumelaniswa nokusebenza kwendlela yokusabalalisa igesi.

Uphi umsabalalisi?

Ngokuyinhloko, i-distributor ye-ignition, noma ngabe iyiphi imodeli yayo, itholakala kwikhava yekhanda lesilinda. Isizathu ukuthi shaft yokusabalalisa isethwe ngokushintshana ngenxa yokushintshana kwe-camshaft yendlela yokusabalalisa igesi.

Ukuze ulayini kagesi osuka kumsabalalisi uye kwikhoyili yokuthungela futhi ibhethri lingabi lide kakhulu, i-distributor-breaker ifakwa eceleni kwekhava yekhanda lesilinda lapho ibhethri itholakala khona.

Idivayisi yokusabalalisa nokuthi isebenza kanjani

Ngokuya ngemodeli yemoto, le ndlela ingaba nohlaka lwayo, kepha izakhi ezibalulekile zinomumo ofanayo. I-Trambler inezinto ezisemqoka ezilandelayo:

• Shaft nge gear, okuyinto meshes ne idrayivu isikhathi;
• Oxhumana nabo abaphula isekethe kagesi (yonke into ibizwa ngokuthi i-breaker);
• Isembozo lapho kwenziwa khona izimbobo zokuxhumana (izintambo ze-BB zixhunywe kuzo). Ngaphakathi kwale ngxenye, oxhumana nabo bakhishelwa ucingo ngalunye, kanye nentambo emaphakathi evela kwikhoyili yokushisa;
• Ngaphansi kwekhava kukhona isilayida esifakwe kushaft. Ixhuma ngokuhlukile othintana nabo bekhandlela nezintambo eziphakathi;
• Isilawuli sesikhathi sokushisa.

Lolu uhlelo oluvamile lokuguqulwa kokuxhumana komthengisi. Kukhona nohlobo olungathintwa, olunesakhiwo esifanayo, kuphela inzwa ye-Hall-principle esetshenziswa njenge-breaker. Ifakiwe esikhundleni se-breaker module.

Inzuzo yokuguqulwa okungaxhunyanwe nakho ukuthi iyakwazi ukudlulisa amandla aphezulu (ngaphezu kokuphindwe kabili).

Umgomo wokusebenza komsabalalisi ulandelayo. Inzwa ye-crankshaft ithumela i-pulse kwikhoyili. Kuyo, kulesi sigaba, ukugoqa okuyinhloko kuyasebenza. Lapho nje isignali ifinyelela kudivayisi, ukuvulwa kwesibili kuyasebenza, lapho kwenziwa khona amandla aphezulu ngenxa yokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic. Okwamanje kugeleza ngekhebula elimaphakathi kusihambisi.

Isilayida esijikelezayo sivala ucingo olukhulu ngentambo ye-spark plug ehambisanayo. Umshini osuvele uphakeme unikezwa iyunithi kagesi ehambisanayo yesilinda esithile.

Imininingwane mayelana nezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu zedivayisi yokusabalalisa

Izakhi ezihlukene ze-distributor zihlinzeka ngokuphazanyiswa okufika ngesikhathi kokunikezwa kukagesi ekuphendulweni okuyinhloko kwekhoyili kanye nokusabalalisa okulungile kwe-high-voltage pulse. Bakuvumela futhi ukuthi ulungise isikhathi sokwakheka kwenhlansi ngokuya ngemodi yokusebenza kwenjini (ukushintsha isikhathi sokuvutha) futhi wenze eminye imisebenzi. ake sizicabangele kabanzi.

Isilawuli se-vacuum

Lesi sici sinesibopho sokushintsha isikhathi sokuthungela (UOZ), uma sidingeka ekusebenzeni kahle kakhulu kwenjini. Ukulungiswa kwenziwa ngesikhathi injini ingaphansi komthwalo owengeziwe.

Lesi silawuli simelwe i-cavity evaliwe, exhunywe nge-hose eguquguqukayo ku-carburetor. Isilawuli sine-diaphragm. I-vacuum ku-carburetor ishayela i-diaphragm yesilawuli se-vacuum.

Ngenxa yalokhu, kwakhiwa i-vacuum ekamelweni lesibili ledivayisi, elishintsha kancane ikhamera yesiphazamisi ngediski ephathekayo. Ukushintsha indawo ye-diaphragm kuholela ekuthutheni kusenesikhathi noma sekwephuzile.

I-octane corrector

Ngokungeziwe kusilawuli se-vacuum, ukwakheka komsabalalisi kukuvumela ukuthi ulungise isikhathi sokuthungela. I-octane corrector iyisilinganiso esikhethekile lapho isikhundla esilungile sezindlu zokusabalalisa okuhlobene ne-camshaft (ijikeleza ngendlela yokwandisa noma yokunciphisa i-UOZ).

Uma imoto igcwaliswa ngamamaki ahlukene kaphethiloli, kuyadingeka ukusetha ngokuzimela i-octane corrector ukuze kuthuthwe ngesikhathi sengxube ye-air-fuel. Ukulungiswa kwenziwa ngokungenzi lutho nangesivinini esilungile sokungenzi lutho kanye nokwakheka kwengxube (izikulufa ezikhethekile emzimbeni we-carburetor).

Amasistimu angaxhumeki

Lolu hlobo lwesistimu yokuthungela lufana nesistimu yokuxhumana. Umehluko wawo ukuthi kulokhu kusetshenziswa i-breaker non-contact (inzwa yeHholo efakwe kumsabalalisi esikhundleni se-cam breaker). Futhi, ukushintsha manje kusetshenziselwa ukusebenzisa uhlelo. Isistimu yokuthungela okungeyena ongathintwayo ayihlushwa ukushiswa kokuthintwayo, isiphazamisi sekhamera esihlushwa yikho.

Izinhlobo zabasabalalisi

Uhlobo lwesistimu yokushisa luxhomeke ohlotsheni lomhambisi. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zalezi zinhlobo:

• Oxhumana naye;
• Okungaxhunyanwa nabo;
• Ezogesi.

Abasabalalisi bokuxhumana ubuchwepheshe obudala kakhulu. Basebenzisa umshini wokuqhekeza. Funda kabanzi mayelana nohlelo lokuthungela oxhumana nabo ngokwehlukana.

Ama-trambers angaxhumani nawo awasebenzisi i-mechanical runner-breaker. Esikhundleni salokho, kukhona inzwa yeHholo ethumela ama-pulses kushintshi lohlobo lwe-transistor. Funda kabanzi ngale nzwa. lapha... Ngenxa yokusabalalisa okungathintwa naye, kungenzeka ukukhulisa amandla okushisa, futhi oxhumana nabo ngeke bashise.

Futhi, ngenxa yamandla aphezulu okushisa, inhlanganisela yomoya-uphethiloli ibasa ngesikhathi (uma i-UOZ isethwe kahle), enomphumela omuhle kumandla wemoto nokuminza kwayo.

Amasistimu okuthungela i-elekthronikhi awanaso isisabalalisi, ngoba azikho izindlela ezidingekayo zokwenza nokusabalalisa i-pulse ye-ignition. Konke kwenzeka ngenxa yemikhuba kagesi ethunyelwa yiyunithi yokulawula ngogesi. Amasistimu we-elekthronikhi nawo angaphansi kwesigaba sokushisa okungathintwa.

Emishinini efakwe umsabalalisi, lo mthengisi-breaker uhlukile. Abanye banomphini omude, abanye banesifushane, ngakho-ke ngohlobo olufanayo lwesistimu yokuthungela, udinga ukukhetha umhambisi wemodeli ethile yemoto.

Izici ezibalulekile zokusabalalisa

Injini ngayinye inezici zayo zokusebenza, ngakho-ke umthengisi kufanele ahlelwe kulezi zici. Kunemingcele emibili ethinta ukuzinza kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi:

• I-engeli yesimo esivaliwe soxhumana nabo. Le pharamitha ithinta isivinini sokuvala isekhethi kagesi yokusabalalisa. Kuthinta ukuthi i-coil winding ikhokhiswa kangakanani ngemuva kokukhishwa. Ikhwalithi yenhlansi uqobo incike emandleni wamanje;
• Isikhathi senkinga. Ipulagi kulilinda akufanele lidubule okwamanje lapho i-piston icindezela i-BTC futhi ithathe isikhungo esiphezulu esifile, kodwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ukuze kuthi lapho isikhuphuka ngokuphelele, inqubo yokusha kukaphethiloli isivele iqalisiwe futhi akukho ukubambezeleka. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukusebenza kahle kwemoto kungalahleka, ngokwesibonelo, lapho ushintsha isitayela sokushayela. Lapho umshayeli eshintshela ngokungazelelwe ekushayeleni kwezemidlalo, ukuthungela kufanele kubangelwe kusenesikhathi, ukuze inqubo yokucekela ingalibaziseki ngenxa ye-inertia ye-crankshaft. Lapho nje umshayeli eshintshela kwisitayela esilinganisiwe, i-UOZ iyashintsha.

Womabili amapharamitha alawulwa kusabalalisi. Esimweni sokuqala, lokhu kwenziwa ngesandla. Esimweni sesibili, i-distributor-breaker izivumelanisa ngokuzimela nendlela yokusebenza yenjini. Ukuze wenze lokhu, le divayisi inesilawuli esikhethekile se-centrifugal, esiguqula isikhathi sokuhlinzekwa kwe-spark ukuze ikokhele ingxube okwamanje lapho i-piston ifika nje ku-TDC.

Ukungasebenzi kahle kweTrambler

Njengoba umthengisi equkethe izingxenye eziningi ezincane lapho kufakwa khona umthwalo oqinile kagesi, kungenzeka ukungasebenzi kahle okuhlukahlukene kuwo. Okuvame kakhulu yilokhu okulandelayo:

• Lapho izinjini zisebenza hhayi ukucisha ukuthungela, kodwa ngenxa yezici ezingezinhle (inkungu esindayo, lapho kungabonakala ukuwohloka kwezintambo eziqhumayo), ikhava yabasabalalisi ingalimala. Kunezimo ezivamile lapho imifantu yakhiwa khona, kepha kaningi oxhumana nabo bayasha noma baxhuma. Umonakalo onjalo ungabangelwa ukusebenza kwezimoto okungazinzile;
• I-fuse yesilayida iqhume. Kulokhu, ukushintshwa kwayo kuyadingeka, ngoba i-pulse ngeke iye esifundeni esifushane;
• I-capacitor ishayile. Le nkinga ivame ukuhambisana nokwanda kwamandla kagesi anikezwe amakhandlela;
• Ukusombulula shaft noma ukwakheka komonakalo ezindlini zedivayisi. Kulokhu, futhi udinga ukufaka enye ingxenye ephukile;
• Ukuqhekeka komshini. Ukungasebenzi okuyinhloko ukugqoka i-diaphragm noma kungcolile.

Ngokungeziwe kulokho okusohlwini, ukuwohloka okungajwayelekile kungavela kumsabalalisi. Uma kukhona ukungasebenzi kahle kokunikezwa kwe-spark, umshini kufanele ukhonjiswe kuchwepheshe.

Ungahlola kanjani ukuthi kuyasebenza?

Ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi ukusebenza okungazinzi kwenjini kuhlotshaniswa nokuwohloka komthengisi, udinga ukuthatha izinyathelo ezimbalwa:

• Sisusa ikhava bese siyayihlola ukwakheka kwe-oxidation, idiphozi yekhabhoni noma ukulimala kwemishini. Kungcono ukukwenza ngendlela enhle. Ingaphakathi kufanele lingabi nomswakama nothuli lwe-graphite. Akufanele kube nomonakalo enkingeni yesilayidi, futhi oxhumana nabo kufanele bahlanzeke;
• I-vacuum ihlolwe ngokuyihlukanisa. I-diaphragm ihlolwe izinyembezi, ukuqina, noma ukungcola. Ubunono be-element buhlolwa futhi ngepayipi ledivayisi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, umnikazi wemoto udonsa umoya kusuka ku-hose kancane bese evala imbobo ngolimi. Uma i-vacuum inganyamalali, i-diaphragm isebenza kahle;
• Ukuhlola ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-capacitor kutholwa kusetshenziswa i-multimeter (ukusetha okungadluli ku-20 μF). Akufanele kube nokuphambuka esikrinini sedivayisi;
• Uma i-rotor igqekeza, khona-ke lokhu kungasebenzi kahle kungatholakala ngokususa ikhava nokuxhuma oxhumana naye wocingo oluphakathi nesilayida. Nge-Rotor esebenzayo, inhlansi akufanele ivele.

Lezi yizinqubo ezilula zokuxilonga umnikazi wemoto angazenza ngokuzimela. Ukuthola ukuxilongwa okunembe kakhudlwana nokujule, kufanele uthathe imoto uyise kumakhenika wemoto osebenzisana nezinhlelo zokuthungela.

Nansi ividiyo emfushane mayelana nokubheka ukuhlukaniswa kwe-SZ distributor-breaker:

Ukuhlola nokulungisa i-classic distributor kusuka kuSvetlov

Indlela yokulungisa umsabalalisi

Izici zokulungiswa komsabalalisi zincike ekwakhiweni kwayo. Cabangela indlela yokulungisa umsabalalisi, osetshenziswa kuma-classics asekhaya. Njengoba lo mshini usebenzisa izingxenye ezingaphansi kokuguga kwemvelo, ngokuvamile ukulungiswa komsabalalisi kwehla ukuze kufakwe esikhundleni sazo.

Uhlelo lomsebenzi lumi kanje:

1. Izikulufu ezimbili azikhohliwe, lapho i-rotor ye-chopper ixhunywe ku-base plate. I-rotor iyasuswa. Ukuze ugweme amaphutha lapho uhlanganisa umshini, kuyadingeka ukubeka izimpawu emithonjeni nasezisindweni. Isiphethu sisuswa kusilawuli se-centrifugal.
2. I-nati ivuliwe, lapho ukuxhumana kwe-capacitor kulungiswa. Hlukanisa i-condenser. Susa i-insulating spacer kanye newasha.
3. Izikulufu azikhohliwe eqenjini lokuxhumana, emva kwalokho liyasuswa, futhi liphinde lisuse ama-washer kulo.
4. Othintwayo osusekayo uyakhishwa ku-eksisi yeqembu lokuxhumana. Iwasha yokukhiya iyahlakazwa, okunamathiselwe kuyo induku yesilawuli se-vacuum, kanye nenduku ngokwayo (itholakala ku-axis yepuleti elihambayo).
5. Isilawuli sevacuum sihlakaziwe. Iphinikhodi yokulungisa i-clutch icindezelwa ngaphandle, ukuze i-clutch ngokwayo isuswe. I-puck ikhishwa kuyo.
6. I-shaft ye-distributor iyasuswa, ama-bolts avikela amapuleti okuthwala awakhishwa. Ipuleti elinyakazayo lisuswa kanye ne-bearing.

Ngemuva kokuthi i-distributor ihlakaziwe, kuyadingeka ukuhlola isimo sazo zonke izakhi ezihambayo (shaft, amakhamera, amapuleti, ukuthwala). Akumele kube khona ukugqokwa kushaft noma kumakhamera.

Hlola ukusebenza kwe-capacitor. Umthamo wayo kufanele ube phakathi kwama-microfarads angama-20 no-25. Okulandelayo, ukusebenza kwe-vacuum regulator kuyahlolwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, cindezela induku bese uvala ukufaka ngomunwe wakho. I-diaphragm esebenzayo izobamba induku kule ndawo.

Kudingekile ukuhlanza othintana nabo be-breaker, ukuguqula ukuthwala endlini yokusabalalisa (umkhono we-hull), ulungise igebe lokuxhumana le-breaker (kufanele libe ngu-0.35-0.38 mm.) Ngemva kokuba umsebenzi usuqedile, umshini uhlanganiswa hlehlisa ukuhleleka futhi ngokuhambisana namamaki asethwe ngaphambilini.

Ukufaka esikhundleni

Uma kudingeka ukushintshwa okuphelele komsabalalisi, khona-ke lo msebenzi wenziwa ngokulandelana okulandelayo:

• Ibhethri livaliwe;
• Izintambo ezinama-voltage aphezulu zikhishwa kukhava yomsabalalisi (nakuba zinobude obuhlukene, zingabalwa futhi ngokuhambisana nesimo esembozweni);
• I-hose yesilawuli se-vacuum isusiwe;
• Umsabalalisi omdala uyahlakazwa, futhi umshini omusha ufakwa endaweni yawo.

Ukuhlanganiswa kwesistimu yokuthungela kwenziwa ngokulandelana okuphambene. Uma, ngemva kokushintsha umsabalalisi, injini yaqala ukusebenza ngokungalungile (isibonelo, lapho i-gas pedal icindezelwa kakhulu, isivinini asinyuki, futhi injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ibonakala "iminyanisa"), udinga ukushintsha kancane isikhundla. yesisabalalisi ngokuyiguqula kancane ibe ngolunye uphawu.

Ividiyo ngesihloko

Nansi ividiyo emfushane yokuthi ungayixazulula kanjani inkinga ngokuvutha kusenesikhathi enjini ye-carburetor ngokwakho:

Emuva ENKINGA YOKUTHUTHA KWAQALA!

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Ngabe umsabalalisi ubhekane nani? Umthengisi uyinto ebalulekile ohlelweni lokuthungela kwezizukulwane eziningi zezimoto zakamuva. Ingafakelwa oxhumana naye noma ongathintana naye (i-Hall sensor) breaker. Le divayisi isebenza ukukhiqiza i-pulse ephazamisa ukushaja kokugoqa kwekhoyili yokuthungela, ngenxa yalokho kukhiqizwa i-voltage ephezulu kuyo. Ugesi osuka kwikhoyili yokushahela uya ocingweni oluphakeme olunamandla kagesi okusabalalisa futhi ngesilayida esijikelezayo sidluliselwa ngezingcingo ze-BB kuye ku-spark plug ehambisanayo. Ngokuya ngalo msebenzi, le divayisi ibizwa ngokuthi i-ignition distributor.

Izimpawu zokungasebenzi kahle komsabalalisi. Njengoba umthengisi enesibopho sokusabalalisa nokunikezela ngamandla ashaya ngamandla ukushisa ingxube kaphethiloli womoya, konke ukungasebenzi kahle kwawo kuthinta ukusebenza kwenjini. Ngokuya ngohlobo lokuwohloka, lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo zingakhombisa umsabalalisi onamaphutha: imoto idonsa ngesikhathi sokusheshisa; isivinini sokungasebenzi esingazinzile; iyunithi yamandla ayiqali; imoto ilahlekelwe umfutho; ukungqongqoza kweminwe ye-piston kuzwakala ngesikhathi sokusheshisa; ukwanda kokuminza kwemoto.