Izinhlobo, idivaysi kanye nenqubo yokusebenza kwesiqalo semoto

Ezimotweni zokuqala, ukuqala injini, umshayeli emotweni bekufanele abe nesibambo esikhethekile. Ngosizo lwakhe, waphendula i-crankshaft. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, onjiniyela bakhiqize ithuluzi elikhethekile elenza lula le nqubo. Lokhu ukuqala kwezimoto. Inhloso yawo ukuthi ukuqala injini, umshayeli udinga kuphela ukuvula ukhiye kukhiye wokuthungela, futhi kumamodeli amaningi wanamuhla, mane ucindezele inkinobho yokuqala (ukuthola imininingwane ngokungena okungenamsebenzi, bona kwesinye isihloko).

Cabanga ngedivayisi, izinhlobonhlobo nokwephuka okuvamile kwe-autostarter. Lolu lwazi ngeke lusize ekulungiseleleni impahla yediploma, kepha ngezinga elikhulu luzokuvumela ukuthi unqume ukuthi kufanele yini ukuzama ukulungisa le ndlela wedwa uma kwenzeka kuphazamiseka.

Kuyini ukuqala kwezimoto

Ngaphandle, i-auto starter iyinjini encane kagesi ifakwe umshini wokushayela. Ukusebenza kwayo kunikezwa ngamandla ka-12-volt. Yize amamodeli wedivayisi ahlukile enzelwa amamodeli wemoto ahlukene, ngokuyisisekelo anenqubo efanayo yokuxhuma ohlelweni olukubhodi.

Isithombe esingezansi sikhombisa umdwebo ojwayelekile wokuxhuma idivayisi:

1) ukuqala; 2) ukukhweza ibhlokhi; 3) iqembu lokuxhumana lokukhiya ukuthungela; 4) ibhethri; A) ekudlulisweni okukhulu (pin 30); B) ukuya kuma-terminal 50 weyunithi yokulawula ngogesi; C) ebhokisini elikhulu le-fuse (F3); KZ - ukuqala kokudluliswa.

Isimiso sokuqalisa emotweni

Akunandaba noma ngabe imoto noma iloli, i-starter izosebenza ngendlela efanayo:

• Ngemuva kokusebenzisa uhlelo lokugibela emotweni, ukhiye uvulelwe ukukhiya, bese ujika indlela yonke. Amafomu e-magnetic vortex ku-relay retractor, ngenxa yokuthi ikhoyili iqala ukudweba enkabeni.
• I-bendix inamathele emgodini. Le drive yemishini ixhunywe kumqhele we-flywheel (kuchazwe ukwakheka kwayo nenqubo yokusebenza kokunye ukubuyekeza) futhi ihlanganyela ngokuxhumeka kwegiya. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufakwe iphenyana kokuyinhloko, evala oxhumana nabo benjini kagesi.
• Ngaphezu kwalokho, ugesi unikezwa kuleli hange. Ngokwemithetho ye-physics, uzimele wocingo obekwe phakathi kwezigxobo zikazibuthe futhi oxhunywe kugesi uzophenduka. Ngenxa yamandla kazibuthe akhiqizwa i-stator (kumamodeli amadala, kusetshenziswe i-excitation yokuthakazelisa, futhi kumayunithi anamuhla, izicathulo zikazibuthe zifakiwe), ingalo iqala ukuzungeza.
• Ngenxa yokushintshaniswa kwegiya le-bendix, i-flywheel, enamathiselwe ku-crankshaft, iyajika. Umshini we-Crank Injini yomlilo yangaphakathi iqala ukuhambisa ama-piston kumasilinda. Ngaso leso sikhathi, i- uhlelo lokushisa и uhlelo lukaphethiloli.
• Lapho zonke lezi zinqubo nezinhlelo ziqala ukusebenza ngokuzimela, asisekho isidingo sokuqala ukuqala ukusebenza.
• Umshini awusebenzi lapho umshayeli eyeka ukubamba ukhiye kulokhi. Intwasahlobo yeqembu lokuxhumana liyibuyisela endaweni eyodwa emuva, enika amandla isekethe kagesi lokuqalisa.
• Ngokushesha nje lapho ugesi eyeka ukugeleza ku-starter, amandla kazibuthe ayanyamalala ekudlulisweni kwawo. Ngenxa yalokhu, umgogodla olayishwe entwasahlobo ubuyela endaweni yawo, ngenkathi uvula oxhumana nabo bezikhali futhi ususa i-bendix kude nomqhele we-flywheel.

Idivayisi yokuqalisa

Isiqalo semoto siguqula amandla kagesi abe amandla kagesi, ngaphandle kwawo akunakwenzeka ukuguqula i-flywheel. Noma iyiphi injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ifakwe le divayisi kagesi.

Isithombe esingezansi sikhombisa isigaba esiphambanweni sokuqala kwezimoto.

Idizayini yemoto kagesi imi kanje:

1. IStator. Kuzoba nezicathulo kazibuthe ngaphakathi kwecala. Njengoba sekushiwo, lawa odonsa abavamile, futhi ekuqaleni kusetshenziswe ukuguqulwa kukazibuthe kagesi onamandla wokwehlisa.
2. Ihange. Lona umgodi lapho umgogodla ucindezelwe khona. Ekwenziweni kwalesi sici, kusetshenziswa insimbi kagesi. Kwenziwe ama-groove kuwo, lapho kufakwa khona amafreyimu, okuthi, lapho kufakwa ugesi, aqale ukuzungeza. Abaqoqi batholakala ekugcineni kwalezi zinhlaka. Amabhulashi axhunyiwe kubo. Imvamisa kunezine zazo - ezimbili esigxotsheni ngasinye samandla kagesi.
3. Abaphethe ibhulashi. Ibhulashi ngalinye lilungiswe ezindlini ezikhethekile. Futhi zinemithombo eqinisekisa ukuthintana okuqhubekayo kwamabhulashi nomqoqi.
4. Amabhele. Ingxenye ngayinye ejikelezayo kufanele ifakwe ukuthwala. Lesi sici siqeda amandla okulwa futhi sivimbela ishafula ekushiseni lapho imoto isebenza.
5. I-Bendix. Kufakwa igiya kushaft yemoto kagesi, egcwala nge-flywheel. Le ngxenye ikwazi ukuhamba ngendlela ye-axial. I-bendix uqobo iqukethe igiya elibekwe endlini (liqukethe ikheji elingaphandle nelingaphakathi, lapho kunama-roller agcwele entwasahlobo avimbela ukudluliswa kwe-torque kusuka ku-flywheel iye kushaft yokuqalisa). Kodwa-ke, ukuze ikwazi ukuhambela umqhele we-flywheel, enye indlela iyadingeka.
6. Edluliselwe Solenoid. Lona omunye uzibuthe kagesi oshukumisela oxhumana nabo ukuba benze / baphule ukuxhumana. Futhi, ngenxa yokuhamba kwalesi sici ngemfoloko (inqubo yokusebenza kwesigwedlo), i-bendix ihamba ngendlela ye-axial, futhi ibuya ngenxa yasentwasahlobo.

Oxhumana naye omuhle ovela ebhethri uxhunywe phezulu kwezindlu zokuqala. Ugesi udlula kozimele ababekwe ezingalweni bese uya kokuxhumana okungekuhle kwamabhulashi. I-starter motor idinga ukuqala kwamanje okuphezulu ukuqala injini. Ngokuya ngemodeli yedivayisi, le parameter ingaba ama-amperes angama-400. Ngalesi sizathu, lapho ukhetha ibhethri elisha, udinga ukubheka okuqala (ukuthola eminye imininingwane yokuthi ungawukhetha kanjani umthombo wamandla omusha umshini othile okufanele ube nawo, bona ngokwehlukana).

Izakhi eziyinhloko

Ngakho-ke, ukuqala kokuqala kwemoto kuzoba nalokhu:

• Stator nge odonsa;
• Imiphanda enamafreyimu, enikezwa ugesi;
• Ukudluliswa kwe-solenoid (kuzokwakhiwa ngozibuthe kagesi, umongo noxhumana nabo);
• Umnikazi ngamabhulashi;
• Bendiksa;
• Izimfoloko ze-Bendix;
• Izindlu.

Izinhlobo zokuqala

Ngokuya ngohlobo lwenjini, ukuguqulwa okuhlukile kwesiqalo kuyadingeka, okwazi ukwenza crankhaft. Isibonelo, i-torque yomshini ihlukile kumayunithi kaphethiloli nodizili, ngoba ukusebenza kwenjini kadizili kuhlotshaniswa nokucindezela okwandayo.

Uma ukwehlukanisa okunemibandela konke ukulungiswa, ngakho-ke:

• Uhlobo lokunciphisa;
• Uhlobo olungenamagiya.

Ngamagiya

Uhlobo lwegiye lunendlela encane yamaplanethi. Kwandisa isivinini semoto eqala ukusetshenziswa ngamandla amancane. Le modeli ikuvumela ukuthi uqale ngokushesha injini, noma ngabe ibhethri indala futhi ikhishwa ngokushesha.

Kuma-Starters anjalo, ingaphakathi lizoba nozibuthe abasebenza unomphela, ukuze i-stator winding ingahlupheki, ngoba ayikho nhlobo. Futhi, le divayisi ayisebenzisi amandla ebhetri ukwenza kusebenze ukuthwalwa kwensimu. Ngenxa yokungabikho kwe-stator emazombezombe, indlela incane uma iqhathaniswa ne-analogue yakudala.

Okuwukuphela kwento ebuyayo kulezi zinhlobo zamadivayisi ukuthi igiya lingaguga ngokushesha. Kepha uma ingxenye yefektri yenziwe ngekhwalithi ephezulu, lokhu kungasebenzi kahle akwenzeki kaningi kunama-starters ajwayelekile.

Ngaphandle igiya

Uhlobo olungenamagiya luyisiqalo esivamile lapho igiya le-bendix lihlanganiswa ngqo nomqhele we-flywheel. Ubuhle bokuguqulwa okunjalo yizindleko zabo kanye nokulula kokukhanda. Ngenxa yezingxenye ezimbalwa, le divayisi inokuphila okude kwesevisi.

Okubi kwalolu hlobo lwezindlela ukuthi zidinga amandla amaningi ukuze zisebenze. Uma kunebhethri elidala elifile emotweni, khona-ke amandla okuqala kungenzeka anganeli ukuthi idivayisi ikwazi ukuphotha i-flywheel.

Ukungasebenzi kahle nezimbangela ezinkulu

Ukuqala imoto akuvamile ukwehluleka ngokuzumayo. Imvamisa, ukuwohloka kwayo kuhlotshaniswa nenhlanganisela yezinto ezithinta umsebenzi wayo kabi. Ngokuyisisekelo, ukuwohloka kwedivayisi kuyanqwabelana. Wonke amaphutha angahlukaniswa ngokujwayelekile abe izinhlobo ezimbili. Lokhu ukwehluleka ngomshini noma ngogesi.

Incazelo yokwehluleka kwemishini ifaka phakathi:

• Ukunamathela kwepuleti lokuxhumana le-solenoid edluliselwe;
• Ukugqoka okungokwemvelo kwamabherethi nemikhono yokuthola indawo;
• Ukuthuthukiswa kwesiphathi se-bendix ezihlalweni (lokhu kukhubazeka kuphakamisa umthwalo kuma-roller ekuqaleni kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi);
• I-Wedge yemfoloko ye-bendix noma induku yokudlulisa okuhoxisiwe.

Ngokuqondene namaphutha kagesi, avame ukuhlotshaniswa nentuthuko emabhulashini noma emapuleti okuqoqa. Futhi, ukuphuka okugwebayo kuvame ukuvela ngenxa yokutubeka noma isifunda esifushane. Uma kukhona ikhefu emazombezombe, khona-ke kulula ukufaka esikhundleni somshini kunokuzama ukuthola indawo yokwehluleka. Uma kwenzeka kufakwa amabhulashi, kufakwa amanye esikhundleni sawo, ngoba lawa izinto ezingazisebenzisela izinjini zikagesi.

Ukuwohloka kwemishini kuhambisana nemisindo engaphandle, ngamunye wayo ohambisana nokuwohloka okuthile. Isibonelo, ngenxa yokwanda kwe-backlash (ukuthuthukiswa kwamabhere), i-starter iyangqongqoza ngesikhathi sokuqalisa kwenjini.

Ukuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kokuqala kanye nokulungiswa kwaso kuxoxwa ngakho kule vidiyo elandelayo:

UKULUNGISWA KOKUQALA KWESANDLA

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

I-starter isebenza kanjani ngamafuphi? Uma ukhiye wokubasa uphendulwa, imanje igeleza iye ku-solenoid (ukudonsa ungene). Imfoloko ye-bendix iyisusa iye eringini ye-flywheel. Injini kagesi izungeza i-bendix ngokuskrola i-flywheel.

Uyini umsebenzi we-starter? Isiqalisi semoto siyadingeka ukuqalisa ngogesi iyunithi yamandla. Inenjini kagesi esebenza ngebhethri. Kuze kube injini iyaqala, isiqalisi sithola amandla ebhethrini.

I-Bendix starter isebenza kanjani? Uma ukhiye wokuthungela uphendulwa, imfologo ihambisa i-bendx (igiya) iyise iringi ye-flywheel. Lapho ukhiye ukhishwa, i-current iyayeka ukugeleza ku-solenoid, futhi intwasahlobo ibuyisela i-bendx endaweni yayo.