I-Chip ishuna ukuthi iyini nokuthi idliwa ngani

Kuyini ukushuna kwe-chip

Ukulungiswa kwe-Chip kungena esikhundleni sohlelo lwe-ECU, ukuze kulungiswe izinkomba eziyisisekelo zenjini. Empeleni, ngenxa yalokhu, ukuthuthuka okuthenjisiwe ekusebenzeni kuyatholakala.

Uma ngaphambi kokuthi ochwepheshe kwakudingeka baphinde baphinde badayise i-chip yefektri yemoto bebodwa, manje sekuyindaba "yegazi elincane". Kwanele nje ukushintsha i-firmware usebenzisa isoftware ekhethekile ne-laptop ngokuyixhuma kusixhumi se-OBD II.

Ngokusho kochwepheshe abakhethekile, ukulungisa i-chip kukuvumela ukuthi ususe eminye imikhawulo ebekwe yisoftware, ukuze kuthuthukiswe okubonakalayo ekusebenzeni kwenjini.

Izilungiselelo zenjini yefekthri

Esigabeni sokudala izinjini zomlilo zangaphakathi Kucutshungulwa umphumela wamasethingi ahlukahlukene ekusebenzeni nasekusebenzeni kwempilo yeyunithi yamandla. Izimoto zesimanje zinezinto zobuchwepheshe eziyinkimbinkimbi ezivimbela injini ukuthi ingagijimi ize ifike lapho ibekwe khona.

Inqwaba yonjiniyela abanolwazi lweminyaka eminingi basebenza ekwakhiweni kwezikimu ezinjalo. Ngenxa yalokhu, izimoto zishiya umugqa womhlangano ngezilungiselelo ezihlangabezana nezindinganiso zombuso futhi ezinezici ezifanele.

Iyunithi yokulawulwa kwe-elekthronikhi ilawula inani likaphethiloli nomoya, ilawula isikhathi sokuphakelwa kwenhlansi neminye imingcele ethinta ukusebenza kahle kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi. Lezi zilungiselelo zihlelwe efektri futhi zinqunywe ukuthi zilungile.

Ukunquma imikhawulo yokusebenza kwenjini, abakhiqizi baqala ngokuthi imoto izohambisana namazinga ezemvelo noma cha. Uma bengathobeli, imishini enjalo ngeke isithole isitifiketi futhi ngeke idedelwe ukuthengiswa. Noma umenzi uzodinga ukukhokha intela eyengeziwe ekwenzeni lezo zimoto. Ngokuya ngalezi zidingo, i-firmware yeyunithi yokulawula ihlelwe ngemikhawulo ethile ethinta amandla aphezulu ekhishwa yunithi.

Lesi esinye sezizathu zokusetha okuzenzakalelayo kwezimoto. Nazi ezinye ezimbalwa:

1. Ukuhamba kokumaketha. Imakethe yezimoto idinga amamodeli anokulinganisa okuhlukile kwamandla. Kushibhile kakhulu ukuthi umenzi abeke imikhawulo ku-ECU kunokudala imoto entsha. Ngenxa yalokhu, iklayenti lithenga imoto enenjini "yesimanjemanje" futhi ngenjabulo likhokha kancane izinguquko ezinjalo.
2. Kudingeka amandla kagesi ukunciphisa izingcingo zamakhasimende zokulungiswa kweziqinisekiso.
3. Ikhono lokuthuthukisa ibanga lemodeli. Ukukhuthaza amakhasimende ukuthi athenge amamodeli asetshenziswe kabusha, ngaphezu kwezinguquko zokuklama, abakhiqizi "bandisa" amandla we-powertrains, begcwalisa ngezihlungi zomoya ezithuthukisiwe, ama-intercoolers, amaphampu kaphethiloli anamandla kakhulu noma ama-catalysts aguquliwe. Izinguquko ezinjalo zenziwa ngaphandle kwesidingo senjini entsha.

Kungani ushayela imoto yakho?

Ngenxa yezizathu ezisobala, abashayeli abaningi abajahile ukukhuphula izimoto zabo ngale ndlela, besaba imiphumela. Ukunquma ukuthi ngabe "umdlalo ulifanele ikhandlela", cabanga ngazo zonke izinzuzo nezingozi. Ngakho-ke, izinzuzo zokusika "ubuchopho" bemoto:

• Iyalondoloza. Ukulungiswa kwe-chip kuzobiza umshayeli ngemali encane kakhulu kunezinguquko zemishini ekwakhiweni kwenjini noma ohlelweni lokuqeda amandla.
• Ukusebenza okuthuthukisiwe. Izinkampani ezibambe iqhaza ekuphindeni zakha kabusha ukulawulwa kwenjini zithembisa amakhasimende azo izinzuzo ezahlukahlukene: amandla wenjini akhuphukile, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwephethiloli nomsindo owehlisiwe.
• Ukwenza ngokwezifiso ukuguquguquka. Kwezinketho eziningi ze-firmware, umnikazi wemoto unikezwa ukuthi akhethe eyeyona ilungele izidingo zakhe ezithile.
• Inqubo yokubuyiselwa emuva. Uma sikhuluma ngesimanje semishini, kuleli cala, uchwepheshe usika amakamelo omlilo, andise ivolumu yawo. Ukulungisa i-Chip ngalesi sizinda kubukeka kuphephe, njengoba kukuvumela ukuthi ubuyele emuva kuzilungiselelo zefektri nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.

Lezi izinzuzo ozotshelwa ngokuqinisekile ngazo esikhungweni sezinsizakalo ezikhethekile. Kodwa-ke, kufanelekile ukukhumbula izingozi ezihambisanayo. Sizobacubungula kamuva.

Kungani izimoto zingashunwa ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza

Isizathu esiyinhloko sokuthi kungani ama-non-chip motors athengiswa embonini ukuthi umenzi akanaso isifiso sokusebenzisa yonke insiza yeyunithi yamandla ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Into esemqoka akuyona ukucindezela yonke ijusi ngaphandle kwemoto, kodwa ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwayo okuzinzile isikhathi eside.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza kwanoma iyiphi iyunithi yamandla kunqunyelwe izindinganiso zemvelo. Uma injini ikhiqiza ukungcola okuningi, iyanda intela kumenzi wezimoto.

Esinye isici esibalulekile isikhathi sewaranti yemoto. ukuze emva kweminyaka embalwa ungadingi ukushintsha wonke ama-motor athengiswa mahhala, abakhiqizi ngokuqondile abalethi izilungiselelo zeyunithi phezulu ukuze zihlale isikhathi eside.

Yiziphi izinjini ezingaqoshwa

Cishe zonke izinjini ezisebenza ngaphansi kolawulo lwe-ECU, zombili uphethiloli nodizili, ziyakwazi ukushintshwa. Uma ucabangela umehluko kumgomo wokuphakelwa kukaphethiloli kanye nokuthungela kwawo, inqubo yokuhlela nayo izohluka.

1. Injini kaphethiloli. Ukulungiswa kwempahla ngaleyunithi kuzobiza ngaphansi kwe-analogue kadizili. Inqubo eyinhloko ifaka phakathi ukuhlela kabusha isoftware yokulawula. Umsebenzi omkhulu walolu hlobo lwesimanje ukukhulisa umfutho wenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi ngejubane eliphakathi neliphezulu, futhi ngejubane eliphansi - ukuyishiya ingashintshiwe ngangokunokwenzeka. Lokhu kulungiswa kuzokhulisa amandla emoto lapho kudlula.
2. Injini kadizili. Ukunquma injini yomlilo yangaphakathi enjalo kuyinkqubo ekhandlekayo futhi ebizayo. Ngaphezu kokuklama kabusha, kuyadingeka ukufaka ipompo ehlukile (kufanele ikhiqize ingcindezi eyengeziwe) nezijovo ezingamelana nekhanda elinyukile. Ngaphezu kokukhuphuka kwamandla, ama-motors anjalo asuselwa ku-chip ukukhulisa i-torque kuma-revs aphansi. Lesi sesimanje sivame ukwenziwa ngabanikazi bama-SUV agcwele ukuze kuthuthukiswe izici zemoto emijahweni engaphandle.

Okuningi "ukubuyisa" kusuka ekuhlelweni kwe-chip kuzwakala ekuguqulweni kwenjini ye-turbocharged. Uma kukhona injini efiswayo ngaphansi kwe-hood, umphumela wesimanje uzobonakala ku injini yomlilo yangaphakathi yomthamo... Ngokulungiswa kwe-subcompact ngaphandle kwe-turbocharging, ukuskipha isoftware ngeke kwanele (ukwanda kwe-10 hp kuphela), ngakho-ke, imishini idinga ukwenziwa ngcono.

Ama-Motors anomthamo omncane, kuya ngokufakwa kwemishini engajwayelekile, angaba yi-chip enamazinga ahlukile we-firmware:

• Izinga lokuqala (isigaba-1) lanele ukusethwa kwemboni kokusebenza kwenjini, kepha ngokufakwa kwesithuthuthu esithuthukisiwe kanye ne-intercooler, imoto ithola ukwanda kwamandla okufika ku-50% kusuka kuzilungiselelo zefektri.
• Izinga lesibili lisetshenziselwa ukukhanyisa "ubuchopho" bemoto, lapho i-catalyst isuswe khona, kufakwa i-intercooler kanye nohlelo lokudla olusebenza kahle. Ukwanda kwamandla ngalezi zilungiselelo kusuka kumaphesenti angama-30 kuye kwangama-70.
• Izinga lesithathu lithungelwa kwi-ECU yemoto, lapho kwenziwa khona ukulungiswa kwangaphambilini kwafakwa i-turbine ekhiqizayo. Ukwengezwa kuka-70-100% kuyabonakala emandleni ajwayelekile.

Idatha enjalo ikhonjiswa ngemihlangano yokucobelelana ngolwazi eminingi yokulungisa izimoto. Kodwa-ke, ukufeza ukusebenza kwangempela ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa nokwakheka kwezimoto, lokhu kukhuphuka akukwazi ukufinyelelwa.

Ukulungiswa kwe-chip yenjini kaphethiloli

Imvamisa, yizinjini zikaphethiloli ezichotshoziwe, ngoba ngevolumu efanayo nekadizili, injini yomlilo yangaphakathi kaphethiloli inamandla amancane. Ukwandisa amandla ngosizo lokulungiswa kwesofthiwe, iyunithi yokulawula ye-elekthronikhi ihlelwa kabusha ngaphandle kokufaka ama-injection ajwayelekile. Ngenxa yalokhu, intengo yokucwengisiswa okunjalo iyathengeka kwabaningi abathanda ukushuna.

Ngokuvamile, kuma-motor anjalo, bafuna ukwandisa inkomba ye-torque endaweni yesivinini esiphakathi nendawo, okwenza kube namandla kakhulu ngesikhathi sokudlula emgwaqeni omkhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ama-bottoms ahlala cishe ne-torque efanayo.

I-chip tuning injini ye-diesel

Uma kuqhathaniswa nokuthuthukisa iyunithi kaphethiloli, injini ye-diesel inzima kakhulu ukuyikhipha. Isizathu siwukuthi ngaphezu kokulungiswa kwesofthiwe, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-ICE ngokuvamile kudinga ukushintshwa kwephampu kaphethiloli yomfutho ophezulu kanye nama-injector. Lezi zakhi kumele zinikeze ingcindezi eyengeziwe futhi zisebenze ngokuzinzile ngaphansi komthwalo onjalo.

Umsebenzi omkhulu wokwenza injini kadizili ibe yisimanje ukwandisa ukudonsa ezinqeni, kanye nokwandisa amandla enjini. Imvamisa, ukuthuthukiswa okunjalo kwenziwa ngabashayeli abasebenzisa izimoto zabo ngaphandle komgwaqo. Kuma-SUV, ukudonsa okuphezulu kubaluleke kakhulu kuma-revs aphansi, hhayi nje ku-dynamics iyonke.

Zishaywa kanjani izimoto?

Kunezinketho ezimbili zokulungiswa kwe-chip: ukufaka isoftware kusilawuli noma ngokuxhuma okokusebenza okungeziwe. Amadivayisi avamile angaphandle afaka:

• I-booster accelerator (i-Pedal Booster). Kufakiwe ku-elekthronikhi yesekethe (uma imoto inohlelo olunjalo). Umgomo wokusebenza ukuthi isignali evela ku-accelerator icutshungulwa kudivayisi futhi iyakhula. Eqinisweni, izici zemoto azishintshi. Esikhundleni salokho, ukuzwela kwephedali kuyashintsha ekuqaleni nje, kepha lapho isignali evela kwi-pedal yegesi ifinyelela phezulu kakhulu okungalethwa yinsiza esizayo, impendulo yenjini ayishintshi. I-Auto iba bukhali ngokucindezela okuncane, kepha ekugcineni akukho mpendulo nhlobo.

• I-ChipBox noma i- "snag". Ebizwa nangokuthi i-PowerBox noma i-TuningBox. Iyunithi encane kagesi exhuma kusixhumi senzwa. Inhloso yalo ukuguqula isignali eya ku-ECU. Isibonelo, kunjini kadizili, inzwa yesitimela sikaphethiloli itshengisa ingcindezi edingekayo yebha engu-100. I-chipbox ishintsha isinali (amaphesenti angama-20 ngaphansi), ngenxa yalokho i-ECU inquma ukuthi ingcindezi esitimeleni incane ngama-20 bar, ngakho-ke, itshengisa ukuthi ipompo izokhuphula ikhanda ngo-20%. Ngenxa yalokhu, ingcindezi akuyona i-100, kepha i-120 bar. Isilawuli asikuboni "ukufaka esikhundleni", ngakho-ke akuniki iphutha. Kodwa-ke, iphutha lingavela ngenxa yokungafani kahle kweminye imingcele, ngokwesibonelo, ngesikhathi sokusebenza "okujwayelekile", ukusetshenziswa kwephethiloli kuye kwanda noma iphenyo le-lambda lisayina inhlanganisela ecebile. Okwezinjini zikaphethiloli ezine-turbine, "amaqhinga" anjalo abekwa enzwa ye-turbocharger. Idivayisi ilulaza ukusebenza kohlelo, lapho i-turbine "isheshisa" kuze kube semkhawulweni. Lokhu kulungiswa kubangela ukuthi imoto igijime endaweni engaphephile, engaholela ekulimaleni.

• Isilawuli esingeziwe (PiggyBack). Iyunithi yokulawula exhuma phakathi kwentambo yemoto ne-ECU. Isetshenziswa ngokungavamile kakhulu futhi kuphela uma kunezinguquko ezinkulu lapho iyunithi yokulawula ejwayelekile ibingakwazi ukubhekana nayo.

• I-StandAlone. Enye indlela yokulawula ehlukile, efakwe esikhundleni seyokujwayelekile. Isetshenziselwa ukulungiswa kwezemidlalo kuphela futhi kudinga ukuqonda izinto ezincane ekusebenzeni kwemoto, kanye nezinye izinhlelo ezinamasethingi amahle.

Ukwenza i-ECU ejwayelekile ngaphandle kokuphazamisa isoftware yayo akunakwenzeka. Nakhu ukuthi inqubo ihamba kanjani.

Izigaba zokushuna

Ngaphandle, umsebenzi ubukeka kanjena:

• ikhompyutha ixhunywe kusixhumi sesevisi seyunithi yokulawula;
• i-firmware endala isusiwe;
• isoftware entsha iyalayishwa.

Eqinisweni, inqubo ingenziwa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, ngokuya ngemodeli yeyunithi yokulawula, ukuvikelwa kwayo nemishini esetshenziswa yinkosi. Imvamisa, ikhompyutha ixhunywe ngesixhumi sokuxilonga i-OBD. Kwezinye izimo, i-ECU iyasuswa futhi ixhunywe kwikhompyutha ngokusebenzisa izixhumi lapho kuxhunywa khona izintambo zemoto. Kukhona futhi abalawuli abathungiwe kuphela ngemuva kokuhlukaniswa (izintambo zixhunywe koxhumana nabo ebhodini uqobo).

Akunconyelwe ukwenza lolu hlobo lokuzivuselela ngokwakho. Kungcono ukuphathisa lokhu kochwepheshe abanamakhono nolwazi lobunzima bale nqubo. Uma kunesifiso sokuzivocavoca, khona-ke lokhu kufanele kwenziwe kwiyunithi yokulawula ehlelelwe ukuthi ithathelwe indawo.

Imishini yokulungisa i-chip

Imishini ekhethekile iyadingeka ukuqedela inqubo yokuthuthukisa. Uma kungenakwenzeka ukuxhuma imoto kwikhompyutha yensizakalo, khona-ke noma iyiphi ilaptop enohlelo lokukhanyisa iyunithi yokulawula nesixhumi sesevisi (sokuxhuma "kubuchopho" bemoto) kufanelekile.

Okokuqala, uhlelo lokushintsha amapharamitha we-ECU kufanele lufakwe kukhompyutha. Ngemuva kwalokho i-firmware endala isuswa ngesixhumi sesevisi futhi esikhundleni sayo kufakwa okusha.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenzisa isoftware eyiyo lapho wenza le nqubo, uma kungenjalo umonakalo ongenakulungiswa uzokwenziwa kuphiko lamandla (noma izinzwa). Kwezinye izimo, lokhu akufiki kulokhu, ngoba i-firmware engalungile ilulaza ukusebenza kahle kwenjini, futhi umshayeli wemoto ubheka enye insizakalo ukuthola izizathu.

Izinhlelo

Kunezigaba ezintathu zezinhlelo ezisetshenziselwa ukulungiswa kwe-chip chip.

• "Ngokwezifiso". Kufakwa inguqulo ethi "okusalungiswa" ukulingana amapharamitha wemoto ethile, ngokuya ngemiphumela yokuhlolwa. Ngenxa yokukhethwa ngokucophelela kwemingcele, i-firmware enjalo isebenza kuphela uma ifakwa ochwepheshe abakuqonda kahle ukubanzima kwezilungiselelo zohlelo lweyunithi yamandla.
• "Ukudla okusemathinini". Ifayela elenziwe ngomumo, noma ithempulethi, lemikhiqizo ethile yezimoto. Ama-firmwares anjalo adalwa ngokuya ngempendulo yomsebenzisi futhi agcinwa ku-database yenkampani yokuhlela. Lapho umnikazi wemoto efanayo efaka isicelo sokufakwa, uhlelo oludingekayo selivele luyatholakala. Inqubo yesimanje kuleli cala iyashesha.
• Izinhlelo eziqinisekisiwe ezivela kubakhiqizi. Ukuqonda imikhawulo yokusebenza kwenjini ethile, abenzi bezimoto banikela ngezinhlelo zabo zokulungiswa kwe-chip ezingeke zilimaze injini. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi akuwona wonke umkhiqizo ohlinzeka ngale nsizakalo. Futhi, akubona bonke abakhiqizi abanama-tunelier abo. Izinhlelo ezinjalo zizobiza ngaphezu kozakwabo besithathu, kepha zithembeke kakhulu.

Isibonelo sesoftware eqinisekisiwe: ye-Audi - ABT; iMercedes - Brabus ne-AMG; ye-BMW - Alpine nokunye okunjalo. Imvamisa ungathola inguqulo "yesabelomali" yalezi zinhlelo ezingalandwa kwi-Intanethi. Kulokhu, unenhlanhla kangakanani. Othile amasudi, futhi umuntu emva sesimanje enjalo uthatha imoto ukukhanda.

Izinhlobo ze-chip tuning injini yemoto

Ngokujwayelekile, ukulungiswa kwe-chip yeyunithi yamandla kungahlukaniswa izigaba ezintathu:

1. Ukushuna kwesoftware. Kulokhu, ama-electronics kuphela alungiswa ngaphandle kokwenza izinguquko engxenyeni yobuchwepheshe yeyunithi yamandla.
2. Ukushuna okuyinkimbinkimbi. Kulokhu, ukuchopha kuyingxenye kuphela yomsebenzi owenziwe ukucwenga imoto.
3. Ukulungiswa kwengxenye yemoto. lapho ukhetha le ndlela, ukusebenza kwe-motor electronics kuyalungiswa, futhi i-geometry ye-intake kanye ne-exhaust manifolds ishintshiwe kancane ngokuthuthukiswa kwengxenye yezobuchwepheshe ye-motor (ngokwesibonelo, ukufaka i-camshaft ehlukile).

Amashuni amaningi asebenzisa ukushuna kwesoftware. Le nqubo ifinyeleleka kalula, ayibizi kakhulu, futhi uma uthanda, ungakwazi ukubuyisela kalula izilungiselelo zefekthri uma umnikazi wemoto engathandi ukuthuthukiswa.

Inketho 1. Senza izinguquko ku-ECU yemoto, okungukuthi, kuyunithi yokulawula ye-elekthronikhi.

Ukusebenzisa le ndlela, umshayeli angakhuphula amandla kanye nesivinini esiphezulu semoto, afinyelele ukonga uphethiloli. Le ndlela ithuthukisa ikhwalithi yengxube evuthayo, yenza imoto ibe bukhali ekuqaleni.

Kuye ngohlobo lweyunithi yamandla, ukwanda kwamandla kubonakala kufika kumaphesenti angu-50, i-torque - ngamaphesenti angu-30-50, futhi umshini, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi hlobo luni lwe-firmware, unciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli ngo-10%.

Imelelani?

Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kungenzeka kuphela ezimotweni ezifakwe ikhompuyutha kagesi. Umphathi ukhanyisa kabusha uhlelo olujwayelekile lwemboni ye-ECU, esikhundleni salo kufakwe isofthiwe eqinile eshintsha uhlobo lokunikezwa kukaphethiloli kanye nokusebenza kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi.

Emotweni ngayinye, kukhethwa uhlelo olulodwa, futhi ngaphambi kokushintsha isofthiwe, uhlelo olujwayelekile luyanqunywa ukuze, uma kunesidingo, ukwazi ukubuyela emuva kuzilungiselelo zefekthri.

Yiziphi izinhlelo ezithintekayo?

Ukusebenza kwemoto kanye nezinhlelo ezihlobene nakho kuyashintsha, okuholela ekwandeni kwamandla eyunithi yamandla futhi, yiqiniso, isivinini sokuthutha. Naphezu kokwanda kwe-dynamism, imoto iqala ukusebenzisa uphethiloli omncane.

Kwenziwa kanjani?

Lo msebenzi wenziwa ezikhungweni zesevisi ezikhethekile. Ukukhanyisa kudinga imishini ebizayo, ngakho-ke akuzona zonke iziteshi zegalaji ezingakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi ngekhwalithi ephezulu. Uma kungekho amakhono akhethekile nokuqonda kwayo yonke inqubo yomsebenzi, kungenzeka konakalise i-electronics yomshini.

Inketho 2. Ukufaka imojuli yokushuna i-chip ekhethekile.

Le ndlela ivumela:

• Khulisa amandla kanye ne-torque ngamaphesenti angama-20-30;
• Thuthukisa ukudonsa kanye namandla aphelele omshini;
• Yehlisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli ngamaphesenti ayishumi;
• Nikeza ukusheshisa okuguquguqukayo kanye nesivinini esikhulu;
• Susa ukuma kwenjini ngokungafanele emarobhothini;
• Thuthukisa ukunwebeka kwenjini.

Imelelani?

Lena iyunithi ekhethekile ethinta ukusebenza motor. Ithuthukisa ukusebenza kwesistimu kaphethiloli kanye nokunikezwa kwama-impulses avela ezinzwa zenjini, okwandisa impendulo yenjini ezenzweni zomshayeli.

Okungavamile kwale ndlela ukuthi akudingi ukungenelela kusofthiwe yesistimu ye-on-board yemoto, futhi ukulungisa okunjalo kungenziwa ngokuzimela. Eqinisweni, umshini ugcina izilungiselelo zasefekthri.

Yiziphi izinhlelo ezithintekayo?

Ukufakwa kwemojula akudingi ukukhohliswa kwezingxenye zikagesi noma zemishini zemoto. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izici zemoto eziningi ziyathuthukiswa, njengokusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli kanye nokwanda kokuguqulwa kwemoto, kuye ngezilungiselelo ezijwayelekile zeyunithi yokulawula.

Kwenziwa kanjani?

Ukuze ulungise okunjalo, awudingi noma iyiphi impahla yesevisi ekhethekile, futhi awudingi ukwenza kabusha ingxenye yobuchwepheshe yeyunithi. Imojula yokwenza kahle ifakwe ngaphansi kwehood phakathi kwesistimu yamafutha kanye neyunithi yokulawula injini.

Inzuzo yokuthuthukiswa okunjalo ukuthi imojula inezixhumi ezijwayelekile ezilingana nezinhlobo eziningi zezimoto. akukho ukuguqulwa kukagesi okudingekayo.

Inketho 3. Ukushintsha injini yemoto evamile ngokufaka injini yegesi esikhundleni salokho.

Kulokhu, izici ashukumisayo imoto zishintshe ngokuphelele. Ukwanda kwamandla kanye ne-torque kungafinyelela kumaphesenti angu-100 (ukwanda okuncane kule mingcele yi-10%). Ngenxa yalokhu, isivinini esiphezulu semoto siba phezulu, ezokuthutha ziba namandla ngokuphawulekayo emzileni.

Ngaphezu kwe-10-50% yokonga uphethiloli, imoto ithola umsindo wezemidlalo onolaka ngesikhathi iqala kanye nokusheshisa kanzima. Ukuthuthukiswa okuningi kuthonywa uhlobo lwe-turbine yegesi efakiwe.

Imelelani?

Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kwesimanje yikona okunamandla kakhulu. Ingozi ukuthi kuzofakwa injini yegesi esikhundleni senjini evamile. I-powertrain entsha izothinta ngokuphelele ukuziphatha kwemoto. ukuthi imoto ithuthuka kangakanani ngokwe-dynamism kuncike ohlotsheni lwe-turbine ekhethiwe.

Yiziphi izinhlelo ezithintekayo?

Njengoba injini ishintsha ngokuphelele inqubo yesimanje, ukufakwa kwe-turbine yegesi kuthinta ngokuphelele zonke izinhlelo ezihlobene ne-injini (uphethiloli, ukuthungela, iyunithi yokulawula, ukungena, ukuphuma).

Kwenziwa kanjani?

Njengokubanyaza, ukufaka esikhundleni sesikhungo sikagesi kudinga ulwazi olunembile lokuthi izinjini zegesi zisebenza kanjani. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukiswa okunjalo kungenziwa kuphela ngochwepheshe kuma-workshops athile anelayisensi yokwenza lolu hlobo lokushuna.

Okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukukhetha i-turbine yegesi efanele, esimweni esithile ngeke ibe namandla kakhulu noma, ngokuphambene nalokho, ibuthakathaka kakhulu. Le nqubo ayinconywa kunoma yisiphi isiteshi sesevisi, ngoba iyingozi kakhulu.

Izinzuzo zokushuna kwe-chip

Ngakho-ke, ingabe lokho abakuthembisayo ezikhungweni zensizakalo ezikhethekile kuma-chip chips kuyalingana neqiniso?

Ngokushintsha izilungiselelo ezizenzakalelayo, imoto ingenziwa yonge kakhulu. Vele, cishe akekho noyedwa osebenzisa le nketho, ngoba ithinta amandla emoto phansi. Ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwephethiloli kungatholakala nangezinye izindlelaezingadingi imfucuza enkulu.

Kakhulu ukushuna kwe-chip kusetshenziselwa ukukhulisa amandla enjini. Uma inqubo yenziwa ngochwepheshe abanolwazi futhi isebenzisa isoftware efanelekile, khona-ke amandla emoto ayanda. Ngaphandle kokufakwa kwemishini eyengeziwe nokungenelela ekwakhiweni kweyunithi, amandla wenjini yomlilo wangaphakathi awakwazi ukwandiswa ngo-30-40%. Futhi imishini esebenza kahle kakhulu izokwenza kube nokwenzeka ukwenza imoto ebabazekayo ekuqaleni nemoto enamandla lapho idlula emotweni ejwayelekile.

Ngaphandle kobuhle obukhangiswa yilabo ababandakanyeka ekwenzeni izimoto zibe sesimanjemanje, le nqubo inezinkinga eziningi.

Ububi bokushuna ama-chip

Lapho uthatha isinqumo sokusethwa kwe-chip, cabanga ngeqiniso lokuthi abakhiqizi banesisekelo esikhulu sezesayensi nezobuchwepheshe sokuklama amasistimu ezimoto kanye nabasebenzi bompetha abaqeqeshiwe abasebenza kulo msebenzi. Noma yikuphi ukulungiswa ku-ECU kuhlolwe kahle, futhi kuphela uma kudlula, izinguquko zivunyelwe ekukhiqizeni ngobuningi. Kepha, noma ngabe unakho konke lokhu engqondweni, kungatholwa isici emotweni bese kuyakhunjulwa.

Izinkampani ezisebenza kulungiselelwa i-chip chip ngokomzimba azikwazi ukunikeza isisombululo semodeli ngayinye yemoto ngokuhlukile futhi ziphoqeleka ukuthi zenze nezinhlelo ezinamapharamitha alinganisiwe. Vele, awukwazi ukuqiniseka ukuthi isoftware oyinikeziwe ihlolwe ngaphambilini. Ezimweni eziningi, kumane nje akunanzuzo kulezi zikhungo zosizo.

Sicela wazi ukuthi i-chip engalungile ingadala umonakalo hhayi ku-ECU kuphela, kodwa naku-injini uqobo. Abanye, ukwehlisa umshayeli, bavele bacishe umsebenzi wokwazisa ngephutha, bese umnikazi eshayela kanjena, engazi inkinga, kuze kube yilapho izitebhisi zemoto. Okubizayo ukuthi kugcwele, mhlawumbe, wonke umnikazi wemoto uqagela. Ngendlela, akufanele uthembele ekulungisweni kwewaranti noma.

Ngaphezu kwalokhu, ukukhishwa kwezimoto kungahle kube nokunye ukungalungi:

• ama-valve asha (ngenxa yenhlanganisela ecebe ngokweqile);
• ukushisa kwemoto;
• i-catalyst izoncibilika;
• ukukhipha injini;
• i-torque enyukile yonakalisa u-gearbox, owenzelwe imithwalo ephansi.

Akuzona zonke lezi zinkinga ezizovela njengekhithi. Konke kuncike kwimodeli yemoto nekhwalithi yezingxenye ezihlangabezana nokugcwala okuqinile.

Ingabe kufanele ngishise injini?

Lapho ethatha isinqumo ngalolu daba, umnikazi wemoto ngamunye kufanele azi ukuthi ukwanda kwamandla enjini yemoto yakhe kugcwele ini, futhi ingabe ukulungele ukuzifaka engcupheni enjalo. Kuzoba nezinkinga eziningi kakhulu uma uzihlelela ngokwakho, uzama i-firmware, noma lapho wenza inqubo kumasifundisane angabazekayo.

Ukunqampuna okunekhono kuzokwenziwa ngongoti kuma-ateliers anophawu, kepha kuzofanele usebenzise imali eningi kule nsizakalo. Ukuthi kufanelekile yini ukusebenzisa imali ukuqinisa isithuthi ngamahhashi ayi-15-20 kuya kubo bonke abanikazi bezimoto. Kufanele kukhunjulwe: ngaphezu kokukhokhela imoto yesimanjemanje, kuzofanele isetshenziswe futhi ilungiswe kaningi, futhi lokhu kungukuchitha.

Mangakanani amandla angengezwa ngemva kokulungiswa kwe-chip?

Nakuba abanye abantu bacabanga ukuthi ukucushwa kwe-chip kungenziwa kuzo zonke izimoto ezine-ECU, empeleni akunjalo. Uma iyunithi yokulawula yesizukulwane sokuqala ifakwe emshinini (ikakhulukazi amamodeli ngaphambi kuka-1996), ayikwazi ukuhlelwa kabusha.

Amamodeli akhiqizwa ngesikhathi sika-1996-2000 angaqoshwa, kuphela kulokhu akukho softhiwe esetshenziswayo, kodwa i-microcircuit eyinhloko enezinye izilungiselelo esikhundleni sezinga elijwayelekile livele lifakwe.

Wonke amamodeli aphuma emgqeni wokuhlanganisa, kusukela ngo-2000, angathuthukiswa ngokuhlela kabusha iyunithi yokulawula. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukusebenzisa imishini ekhethekile, lapho kulandwa khona isoftware engajwayelekile, elungele imoto ethile.

Ukwenza ukulungiswa kwe-chip, abashayeli abaningi bathembele ekuthuthukisweni okukhulu kuwo wonke amapharamitha wemoto yabo, kodwa lokhu kuncike ngokuqondile ohlotsheni lweyunithi yamandla kanye nemodeli yemoto. Ngokulungisa kahle ngokucindezela i-motor, ungafinyelela ukwanda kwamandla ebangeni elingamaphesenti angama-3-30.

Alukho uhlelo olulodwa lwekhompiyutha olukwazi ukwengeza amandla angamaphesenti angama-50 enjini uma kungekho zinguquko ezenziwa engxenyeni yobuchwepheshe yeyunithi. Uma lokhu kuthuthuka kungenziwa, impilo yokusebenza yenjini ingancipha kakhulu ngo-100%. Uma i-motor ingaphuli, ukudluliswa kuzohluleka, ngoba kuklanyelwe umthwalo othile kuphela.

Futhi, ukukhula okuphezulu ngaphandle kokulimala okubucayi ku-motor kuthinteka amandla abekwe umenzi. Ngakho-ke, izinkampani eziningi zanamuhla zinciphisa ukusebenza kwemoto cishe ngo-10%. Ngakho-ke, akunakwenzeka ukwandisa le parameter ngokuthi, yithi, 20% kuphela ngohlelo.

Uma injini isebenza ngaphandle kwe-turbine, ukulungiswa kwe-chip kuzokwandisa ukusebenza kweyunithi cishe ngamaphesenti angu-7. Ezinjinini ezine-turbocharged, ukwanda kungaba okuphawuleka kakhulu - kuze kufike ku-30%, bese kuhlanganiswe nesimanjemanje. Kodwa ezimweni eziningi, lokhu kwanda kwamandla akuzwakali.

Indlela yokunquma ukuthi imoto ingeze amandla?

Indlela ejwayeleke kakhulu yokunquma lokhu ukukala isivinini sokusheshisa ngaphambi kokuqoshwa kanye nangemva kokuthuthukisa. Kodwa le miphumela iyona enganembile kakhulu. Cishe akunakwenzeka ukufeza izimo ezifanayo ze-overclocking. Lokhu kuphazanyiswa isimo sezulu, izimo zomgwaqo, izinga lokushisa lomoya, umswakama, ngisho nenani likaphethiloli ethangini.

Ukuze unqume ngokunembile ukuthi ingakanani imingcele yenjini eye yathuthuka ngemva kokuqopha, udinga ukushayela imoto endaweni ekhethekile. Le divayisi ijikelezisa injini ijubane elikhulu, lapho iyunithi ingasasheshisi ukujikeleza kwamasondo, futhi ayibambezeli amarola wesitendi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, inqubo enjalo kufanele yenziwe ngaphambi kwesimanje nangemuva. Ngeshwa, le nqubo ayishibhile. Ngokwesilinganiso, ukuze uthole isibalo esisodwa esilinganisweni esisodwa, kuzodingeka usebenzise amadola angama-50-100.

Inketho yebhajethi eyengeziwe ukufaka amadivaysi akhethekile anquma isikhathi sokusheshisa imoto. Ukuze ugweme ukuthenga idivayisi entsha ebiza cishe u-$370, ungayiqasha ensizakalweni yemoto enikezela ngesevisi efanayo. Izilinganiso zesivinini ezingaphezulu kwe-overclocking ziyanconywa ukuze zivikeleke kuma-chip tuning masters angathembekile.

Kubiza malini ukulungisa amashiphu emoto?

Izintengo ze-Chip ziyahlukahluka ebangeni elibanzi impela. Uma ubeka lo msebenzi kumphathi wegaraji, ungahle ngekhulu lamadola. Izinsizakalo ezikhethekile ezisondela kule nqubo ngendlela ehleleke kakhudlwana futhi ecabangayo zingacela ngaphezu kwamadola ayinkulungwane. Kule mali, bazokwenza ukuhlola kokuqala kanye nokuhlolwa okulandelayo kwemoto, ukuvimbela ukonakala nokwenyuka kokugqoka kwezinjini.

Kubalulekile futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi abanye abathengisi abasemthethweni nabo banikela ngama-chip car. Kodwa-ke, ikha phezulu nje, futhi iqukethe ukulungisa imingcele embalwa ye-ECU futhi ayinikezi umshayeli imiphumela ebonakalayo. Kepha izindleko zensizakalo enjalo zizoba phezulu kakhulu.

Qaphela ukuthi ungazikhethela imoto ngokwakho ngokulanda isoftware efanelekile kwi-Intanethi. Yize kuzoba mahhala, kuyingozi kakhulu enjinini, ngoba ukuthembela kwesoftware enjalo kungumbuzo.

Kwenzekani ngewaranti yomthengisi?

Lapho isoftware yasefekthri ikhanya, lokhu kuvezwa ezimweni ezingavamile. Ngesikhathi sesondlo esijwayelekile, umthengisi akaskenisi isoftware ukuze aphazamise. Ukunakwa okuyinhloko kukhokhelwa engxenyeni yezobuchwepheshe - ukushintsha uwoyela nezihlungi, kubhekwa izinhlelo ezinkulu zemoto. Kwezinye izinyathelo, amaphutha we-ECU asethwe kabusha.

Uma umthengisi ebona ukuthi isoftware engajwayelekile ifakiwe, bese ishintshelwa kweyasefekthri. Ukushintsha izilungiselelo zesoftware akusona isizathu sokwenqaba insiza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye abathengisi bezimoto banikela nge-firmware ebuyekeziwe ngokwabo.

Uma kunokukhathazeka ukuthi ummeleli osemthethweni angawenqaba ukuhambisa imoto yewaranti, ungaya ngokukhohlisa okuncane. Ngaphambi kokuya esikhungweni sosizo, abanye abashayeli bafaka kabusha isoftware yasembonini.

Ukulungiswa kwe-chip ye-DIY

Isikhathi kuphela lapho ungenza khona ukushuna kwe-chip uma unolwazi ekwenzeni umsebenzi onjalo kanye nemishini efanele. Uma kungenjalo, akufanele uzenzele ngokwakho ukuthuthukisa okunjalo, ngaphandle uma sikhuluma ngokufaka imojula yokwenza kahle.

Uma usenethemba emakhonweni akho, okokuqala udinga ukukhetha isofthiwe efanelekayo imodeli ethile yemoto (ngisho nonyaka kanye nenyanga yokukhululwa kubalulekile). Ungazama inhlanhla kuyunithi endala yokulawula, ehlelelwe ukushintshwa maduze nje. Isizathu siwukuthi isofthiwe eyinkimbinkimbi ingaphula kalula i-ECU.

Iyunithi yokulawula "yomnikeli" nayo izokusiza ukuthi uthole isikhathi sokusebenza ngemishini yesoftware. Ngakho-ke kulula "ukungabi nabuhlungu" ukujula kuyo yonke inqubo yokulungisa ama-chip. Ungaphinda uzame ukuvumelanisa isofthiwe entsha kuyo.

Izici zesimanje zezinhlobo ezahlukene zezimoto

Ngokwemvelo, imodeli ngayinye yemoto inezici zayo ezihlukile zenqubo yokuhlela iyunithi yokulawula. Ukukhethwa kwe-firmware entsha kuthonywa ukuthi yiluphi uhlelo olujwayelekile olusetshenziswayo. Ukuqondanisa okuhle ukukhetha kohlelo olwenziwa yinkampani egxile ekushutheni lezi zimoto.

Isibonelo, izinhlelo eziphawulekayo zokulungisa amamodeli e-Audi izinketho ezithuthukiswe yi-AVT. Uma udinga chip BMW yakho, kufanele unake imikhiqizo Alpina. Ngendlela, umkhiqizo waseBavaria ngokwawo unikeza amaphakheji wokulungisa kumakhasimende ayo. Uma kuthengwa imoto yesigaba se-premium, izinkampani eziningi zinikeza amaphakheji anjalo okukhethwa kukho. Isibonelo, i-Mercedes-Benz inikeza amakhasimende ayo isofthiwe evela kwa-AMG.

Izinkampani ezinedumela lomhlaba wonke azibambi iqhaza ekwenziweni kwesimanje kwamamodeli asekhaya. Ngakho-ke, uma ufuna ukuthuthukisa "ukugwinya" kwakho, khona-ke okokuqala udinga ukucacisa ukuthi iyiphi isipiliyoni inkosi ethile enakho ekulungiseni le modeli, futhi ufunde ukubuyekezwa kwamakhasimende nezincomo zabo.

Izinganekwane

Kukhona izinganekwane eziningana mayelana nokushuna kwe-chip:

• Inganekwane-1 - abanye abantu bakholelwa ukuthi ukusika kusho ukufaka enye i-chip kuphiko lokulawula. Eqinisweni, uhlelo olulawula ukusebenza kwezimoto nezinye izinhlelo ezihambisanayo luyashintsha. Azikho izinguquko zomzimba ezenziwe;
• Inganekwane-2 - ngemuva kokuphinda isetshenziswe, uphethiloli uyanda Eqinisweni, konke kuncike kwisoftware. Ezinye izinhlelo empeleni zandisa "ubudlwangudlwangu" benjini, kepha ngasikhathi sinye yandisa amandla ayo ngokwandisa isivinini esivumelekile neminye imingcele. Iningi lezinhlelo zandisa ukusebenza kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi ukuze, kunalokho, idle uphethiloli omncane;
• Inganekwane-3 - "izimpukane" ezifakiwe ezingekho ezijwayelekile nezilungiselelo zasefekthri ziyabuyiselwa. Eqinisweni, uma i-control unit ikhanyisiwe, i-firmware yasembonini ngokwayo ayibuyi, ngoba isulwe ngokuphelele ngaphambi kokufaka isoftware entsha. Isimiso siyefana nokuqopha i-flash flash drive yekhompyutha - uma imininingwane yake yarekhodwa, ayiyi ndawo ngaphandle kosizo;
• Inganekwane-4 - ngemuva kokulungiswa kwe-chip, ungashayela uphethiloli ngenombolo ephansi ye-octane. Inombolo ye-octane ihlobene ngqo nesilinganiso sokucindezelwa senjini yomlilo yangaphakathi. Injini ngayinye inesilinganiso sayo sokucindezela, ngakho-ke, uphethiloli ukhethwe ngqo kule pharamitha. I-firmware ayikaze ishintshe isilinganiso sokucindezelwa. Njengoba iphakeme, inamba ye-octane kufanele ibe phezulu. I-SJ ishintsha kuphela ngemuva kokungenelela ekwakhiweni kwemoto;
• Inganekwane-5 - ukwanda kwamandla enjini yomkhathi kuze kube ngamaphesenti angama-30. Eqinisweni, ngaphandle kokushintsha imingcele ebonakalayo yenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi ngaphandle kwe-turbocharging, amandla akhula ngamaphesenti ayi-10. Kepha lokhu futhi kuyahambelana nomqondo wokuthi "kuze kufike kumashumi amathathu%".

okutholakele

Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi ukusika imoto kuhlotshaniswa nobungozi obuningi umshayeli abuthatha ngokuzazi. Uma uthatha isinqumo sokuthatha lesi sinyathelo, khona-ke kungcono ukuxhumana nezikhungo zosizo ezikhethekile nezidumile. Vele, futhi azihlangene ngalutho nezitshalo zokukhiqiza, kepha okungenani banolwazi olubanzi kakhulu. Futhi, izinkampani ezinkulu zinemishini yokuhlola imoto ngaphambi nangemva kokuqhekeka, okunciphisa kakhulu ubungozi bemiphumela emibi.

Naka izindleko zemisebenzi. Khumbula, "ubuchopho" bemoto abunakushibhile. Umaki wentengo ephansi ukhombisa iziqu ezisezingeni eliphansi lochwepheshe "othola izandla" kuphela.

Imibuzo ejwayelekile:

Ukunikezwa kwe-chip kunikeza ini? Ngosizo lwayo, i-torque, amandla ayanda, ukusebenza kwe-turbocharger kuyashintshwa, i-UOZ iyalungiswa, ukwakheka kwe-MTC kuyashintshwa, futhi ukucwilisa phakathi nokusheshisa kuncishisiwe. Le nqubo yenziwa namanye amayunithi wokulawula, ngokwesibonelo, ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo, i-ABS, njll.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-chip tuning ne-firmware? Ukulungiswa kwe-Chip kwehlukile kwi-firmware yasefekthri ngama-algorithms aguquliwe wokusebenza kwezilawuli zezinjini ezahlukahlukene namanye amayunithi.

Yikuphi ukulungiswa kwe-chip okungcono? Kungcono ukugxila ezinhlelweni zobungcweti ezivunyelwe ngumenzi. Isimanjemanje esingesihle singancamela ukonakalisa iyunithi kunokukhulisa ukusebenza kwayo kahle. Inqubo okudingeka uyenze kuphela ngochwepheshe abaziwayo.