Kungani ithimba lezinjini zemoto. Izizathu

Ukwakheka kwenjini kusho ukusebenza kwayo okungazinzile ngenxa yokusebenza kwawo wonke amasilinda, noma ukusebenza kwawo ngokwengxenye. Ukukhubeka kuhambisana nokwehla kwamandla ngenxa yokungasebenzi kwelinye lamasilinda. Isizathu esiyinhloko sokuphindwe kathathu silele ukwephula inqubo yokushisa komxube.

Ukukhonjwa ngesikhathi esifanele kwamaphutha kuzogcina imoto isebenza kahle isikhathi eside. 

Izimoto eziphindwe kathathu

Isici esiyinhloko sesakhiwo ukwehla kwamandla. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokuthi ingxube kaphethiloli-yomoya iyasha kancane noma ingene exhaust manifold, lapho ukuthungela kwenzeka khona. Inqubo ihambisana nokudlidliza okuqinile, okubonakala ezimweni ezilandelayo:

• idling, ngejubane elikhulu injini ihamba kahle;
• imodi yokufudumeza injini;
• umthwalo omkhulu;
• ukukhubeka kunoma iyiphi imodi yokusebenza yenjini.

Isimo ngasinye sizibonakalisa ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile.

Izizathu: kungani injini iyi-troit

Injini enyakazayo idlidlizela kwenzeka ngenxa yokwephula inhlanganisela yokwakheka. Lokhu kuholela emithwalweni eyengeziwe ezingxenyeni ze-cylinder-piston nezinhlelo zokuxhuma izinduku, ngakho-ke kunciphisa insiza yabo. Izizathu eziyinhloko:

• kunikezwa uphethiloli omningi noma omncane. Ngomthamo omkhulu kaphethiloli, inhlansi ayikwazi ukukhanyisa ngokuphelele ingxube, ngakho-ke, lapho isigxivizo se-accelerator sicindezelwa, imoto iqala ukudikiza, futhi uphethiloli uyaqhubeka uvutha kulayini wokukhipha. Uma kukhona ukushoda kukaphethiloli, injini iziphatha ngendlela efanayo, kepha lokhu kungaholela ekuqothulweni kwepiston ngenxa yokungapholi ngokwanele okujovwa ngophethiloli.
• ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo. I-powertrain iziphatha ngendlela efanayo nalapho kushoda uphethiloli. Ukushoda komoya kungacasula isihlungi somoya esingcolile noma inzwa ye-oxygen ehlulekile.
• uhlelo lokuthungela alusebenzi kahle. Izizathu zilele ekubekeni kwe-angle yokushisa, lapho inhlansi inganikezwa khona kungekudala noma ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngokulandelana, ingxube iyasha futhi futhi ngokungafanele. Ikhoyili ne-spark plug nakho kuneqhaza ekukhubekeni uma kwenzeka kungasebenzi kahle. Ezinjini ze-carburetor ezinomsabalalisi ozihambisayo, i-angle yokushisa ivame ukulahleka, edinga ukulungiswa ngezikhathi ezithile.
• kokucindezelwa ongaphakeme. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukushisa okuphelele kwenhlanganisela yokusebenza akunakwenzeka ngenxa yokwephula ukuqina kwesilinda. Kulokhu, ukukhubeka kuhambisana nalo lonke uhla lwejubane lenjini, kwesinye isikhathi kungahle kungaveli lapho izinga lokushisa lenjini lifinyelelwa.

Ngakho-ke, isizathu senjini ye-triplet silele ekusebenzeni okungalungile kohlelo lokuthungela, uphethiloli nezinhlelo zokudla. Ngaphansi kokuvamile lokhu kwenzeka ngokuncipha kokucindezelwa (ngamamayela aphezulu), okwenzeka ngenxa yokwanda kokuvunyelwa phakathi kwesilinda ne-piston noma ngenxa yokudinwa kwe-valve yendlela yokusabalalisa igesi. 

Ama-plugs ama-Spark kufanele asolwe

Into yokuqala okufanele uyinake yisimo se-spark plugs. Isizathu sokuphindaphinda kathathu singase sifihlwe kugebe elingalungile phakathi kwama-electrode, noma ekuqhekekeni kwekhandlela. Uma ukulungisa igebe nokuhlanza i-carbon deposits akuzange kusize, kufanele ubeke amakhandlela amasha anezici ezifanele. Kunconywa ukushintsha amakhandlela njalo 20-30 ayizinkulungwane km.

Ukuhlolwa kwezintambo ezinamandla amakhulu

Izintambo ezinamandla amakhulu wohlelo lokuthungela zisetshenziswa ku-carburetor kanye nakuyunithi yomjovo (ngekhoyili eyodwa yokushisa). Kunconywa ukufaka izintambo ze-BB esikhundleni sazo zonke amakhilomitha angama-50000 XNUMX, ngoba zisengozini yendawo enobudlova yangaphandle. Amaphutha ezintanjeni ezicasula i-triplet motor:

• ukuwohloka kocingo (ebumnyameni, inhlansi iyabonakala ngenhla yesibaya yocingo),
• ukugqoka amathiphu enjoloba,
• umehluko ekumelaneni phakathi kwezintambo ungaphezu kuka-4 kΩ.

Ukuhlola izintambo kwenziwa nge-multimeter: setha inani lokumelana ku-kOhm, qinisa ucingo ezinhlangothini zombili ngama-probes. Ukumelana okuvamile kungu-5 kOhm.

Izinkinga zokuphakelwa komoya

Imvamisa isikhubekiso sokusebenza okungazinzi kwe-ICE silele ohlelweni lokudla. Umjovo usengozini enkulu yenkinga njengoba ukuphakelwa komoya-mpilo kuskenwa futhi kulawulwa izinzwa. Uhlu lwamaphutha angenzeka:

• i-valve mpintsha engcolile (i-geometry yokugeleza komoya nobuningi bayo kuyaphazamiseka),
• isihlungi somoya sivinjelwe
• ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-DMRV (inzwa yokugeleza komoya omningi) noma inzwa yengcindezi ephelele nenzwa yokushisa (i-MAP + DTV),
• ukwehluleka kwephenyo ye-lambda (inzwa ye-oxygen),
• ukuvuza komoya kusuka endaweni yokungenisa.

Noma yikuphi ukwehla okungenhla kubanga ukwephulwa kokwakheka kwengxube, 

Ukungasebenzi kahle kwama-injector ne-injector

Ama-injectors angasebenzi kahle anqunywa yi-mileage nekhwalithi kaphethiloli. Uhlu lwamaphutha angenzeka:

• iziphazamiso ekusebenzeni kweyunithi yokulawula injini,
• umlomo wombhobho ovalekile (ukunciphisa okuphumayo),
• ukwephula isekethe kagesi ngenye yemibhobho,
• ukwehla okukhulu kwengcindezi kujantshi kaphethiloli,
• imibhobho evuzayo.

Ukuze uhlole i-injector fuel system, kwanele "ukufunda" i-ECU ngeskena samaphutha. Uma kungatholakali lutho, kuyadingeka ukugeza ama-nozzles ngoketshezi olukhethekile, ukulinganisa ukuphuma, ukufaka esikhundleni se-cuffs yokuvala, futhi ushintshe isihlungi sikaphethiloli ngokuhambisana. 

Lapho injini yomjovo we-troit

Uma, uma kuyinjini ye-carburetor, imbangela ye-triplet inqunywa kalula noma kancane, lapho-ke injini yokujova ingahle ingabonakali kangako. Isizathu salokhu yi-elekthronikhi, elawula zonke izinqubo ezisemotweni.

Amasistimu afakwe izimoto ezinjalo kunzima ukuwaxilonga. Ngalesi sizathu, umuntu ongenalwazi kungcono angazami nokulungisa okuthile. Kungcono ukukhokhela ukuxilongwa kwamakhompiyutha kunokuchitha imali kulungiswa okubizayo ngenxa yokulungiswa okungafanele komjovo.

Ukuphela kwento ongazihlola ngayo emotweni enjalo ubuqotho bezintambo nesimo sama-plugs enhlansi. Imijovo ingahlolwa ngalendlela lelandzelako. Umbhobho ngamunye uthathelwa indawo osetshenziswayo. Uma ukukhubeka kusilinda esithile sekunyamalele, le ngxenye kufanele ishintshwe. Kodwa-ke, umjovo ngokwawo ungahlala ngokwanele uma unakekelwa kahle. Lokhu kuzosiza okufakiwe ku-SGA kaphethiloli

SGA uphethiloli okufakiwe. Ukuhlanza imibhobho yomjovo

Lapho nje injini yokujova iqala ukuhlangana, lokhu kushaywa kufanele kungezwe ngokushesha kuphethiloli. Kungcono-ke ukukwenza lokhu njengendlela yokuvimbela, hhayi lapho sekuvele inkinga. Ihambisa imibhobho yemibhobho uma ivalekile. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, i-ejenti ivimbela ukwakheka kokugqwala kanye ne-plaque, ngenxa yokuthi umlomo uzosebenza ngezikhathi ezithile.

Ngaphezu kokunakekela uhlelo lokufutha uphethiloli uqobo, ukufutha nakho kunomthelela omuhle kwezinye izinto. Isibonelo, ipompo likaphethiloli, ama-valve nezinye izinto zohlelo lokunikezela ngamafutha kanye nomjovo

Uma ukusetshenziswa komkhiqizo kungalethi umphumela owufunayo futhi imoto iqhubeka nokuphindaphindeka kathathu, kusho ukuthi imibhobho yemibhobho isivele ivalekile kakhulu (lokhu kwenzeka uma umshayeli eqinisekile ukuthi inkinga isembusweni ngempela) futhi ukufutha ngeke kusize.

Uma injini ibanda

Ekwindla noma esimweni sezulu sehlobo esimanzi, imoto nayo ingaphindeka kathathu, ikakhulukazi lapho iqala ngokubanda. Uma inkinga inyamalala ngokushesha lapho imoto ifudumala, kufanele unake izintambo ezinamandla amakhulu. Lapho ukwahlukanisa kugugile, amandla alahlekile (ukuwohloka kwegobolondo), futhi kufakwa umfutho obuthakathaka emakhandleleni. Lapho nje umshini ufudumala futhi umswakama uhwamuka ezintanjeni, ukungasebenzi kuyanyamalala, ngoba ukuvuza kukhishwa kukodwa.

Ngenxa yalokhu, noma ngabe kunenhlansi, amandla ayo awanele ukushisa ingxube kaphethiloli womoya. Le nkinga ixazululwa ngokufaka ikhebula esikhundleni sayo. Kungcono ukushintsha yonke ikhithi. Kunesikhashana ngemuva kokubhekana nokungasebenzi kahle kolunye ucingo.

Uma i-troit yenjini ingasebenzi

Ukungasebenzi ngendlela efanayo kutholakala ngendlela efanayo ne-triplet ngaphansi komthwalo. Azikho izizathu ezikhethekile zalokhu kuphazamiseka. Lapho idling, injini ingaqala ukuphinda kathathu ngenxa yezizathu ezifanayo esezixoxwe ngenhla.

Uma imoto isebenza kuphela ngokungasebenzi, futhi ngokunyuka kwejubane, inkinga iyanyamalala, isizathu salokhu kungaba yi-valve eshile (ibanga elingasho lutho). Lapho ukuminyaniswa kukhuphuka ngaphansi komthwalo (uphethiloli nomoya abanaso isikhathi sokudlula emgodini omncane ku-valve eshile), isilinda sibuyela esimeni saso esijwayelekile sokusebenza.

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi le nkinga ingene ngempela ekushiseni kwe-valve, kulethwa iphepha epayipini le-exhaust ngenkathi injini isebenza. Uma amabala kawoyela abonakala ngokucacile kuwo, kufanelekile ukuxhumana nochwepheshe.

Iyini imiphumela yenjini kathathu

Uma unganaki ukwakheka kathathu kwemoto isikhathi eside, khona-ke kunengozi enkulu "yokuthola" ukukhishwa okukhulu. Okokuqala okungaphumeleli ukufakwa kwezinjini nama-gearbox, anciphisa ngamandla ukudlidliza nokudlidliza. Uhlu lwemiphumela engaba khona:

• ukugqoka okusheshayo kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi esekelayo;
• ukwanda kwegebe phakathi kwepiston nesilinda, ngenxa yalokho - ukwehla kokucindezela;
• ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwephethiloli;
• ukwehluleka kwenzwa ye-oksijini kanye ne-catalyst ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu ohlelweni lokukhipha (uphethiloli uyasha kumanothi amaningi noma ku-resonator);
• ukusetshenziswa okwandisiwe nokupheka uwoyela wenjini;
• ikamelo lomlilo nensilinda yenjini imbozwe amadiphozi ekhabhoni.

Okufanele ukwenze uma i-engine troit: ukuxilonga nokulungisa

Ekubonisweni kwezimpawu zokuqala ze-triplet, kubalulekile ukufeza ukuxilongwa kwe-elektroniki yenjini. Ezimweni eziningi, inkinga ilele ngokungasebenzi kahle kohlelo lokuthungela noma enye yezinzwa ezishiwo ngenhla.

Uma konke kuhlelekile, kufanele uhlole isimo sezihlungi zikaphethiloli nezomoya, kanye nokuba khona okungenzeka kokumunca (okungabonakali emoyeni). Uma konke kuhlelekile nge-fuel kanye nezinhlelo zokungenisa, zonke izinzwa zihlelekile - hlola ukucindezelwa, futhi uma kungaphansi kwe-11 kg / cm3, khona-ke igebe phakathi kwe-cylinder ne-piston liye landa noma i-valve yesikhathi ishisiwe. ngaphandle.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Indlela yokunquma ukuthi injini iyi-troit noma cha? Lapho ingenzi lutho, injini iyazamazama, uma inyakaza injini ilahlekelwa amandla ayo (idiphu lapho igesi icindezelwa, igxumagxuma ngesikhathi sokusheshisa), ukuminza kwenjini kuye kwanda, ijubane liyantanta.

Kungani injini ingaphinda kathathu? Kunezizathu eziningi: ukungasebenzi kahle ohlelweni lokuthungela (imvamisa), isistimu kaphethiloli, kumshini wokusatshalaliswa kwegesi, nge-electronics kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kweyunithi yamandla.

Kungani imoto iqala ukuphindaphinda kathathu uma ishisa? Ezinjinini zikaphethiloli, lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yokushisa okukhanyayo, ukungabi nanhlansi, ukuvuza kwezintambo eziqhumayo, uphethiloli ophansi, izinkinga zomjovo, ivolumu yomoya ephansi, njll.