Isistimu yokuthambisa eyomile

Noma iyiphi injini yomlilo yangaphakathi idinga uhlelo lokuthambisa lwekhwalithi. Lesi sidingo singenxa yokusebenza okuqhubekayo kwezingxenye zeyunithi ngaphansi kwezimo zokucindezela okwandayo kwemishini (ngokwesibonelo, ngenkathi injini isebenza, i-crankshaft ijikeleza ngokuqhubekayo, nama-piston asemasilindini ayaphindaphinda). Ukuze izingxenye ezigcobanayo zingagugi, zidinga ukuthanjiswa. Uwoyela wenjini wenza ifilimu evikelayo, ukuze indawo ingahlangani ngqo (ukuthola eminye imininingwane ngezindawo zikawoyela wenjini nokuthi ungayikhetha kanjani efanelekile yenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi yemoto yakho, funda ngokwehlukana).

Yize kukhona ifilimu kawoyela evimbela ukungqubuzana okomile kwezingxenye zenjini, ukugqoka kusakhiwa kuzo. Ngenxa yalokho, kuvela izinhlayiya ezincane zensimbi. Uma zihlala ebusweni bengxenye, ukukhiqizwa kuyo kuzokwanda, futhi umshayeli wemoto kuzofanele abeke imoto ekulungisweni okukhulu. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi kube nesamba esanele segrisi, ngosizo lwazo zonke izingxenye zophiko lwamandla ezigcotshwe kakhulu. Imfucumfucu ifakwa esampini futhi ihlale kuyo ize isuswe ngokuhlanjululwa noma ngokulahlwa ngemuva kokukhishwa kwesiga.

Ngaphezu kwezindawo zayo zokuthambisa, uwoyela nawo wenza umsebenzi wokupholisa okwengeziwe. Njengoba kunokushisa okungaguquki kwenhlanganisela kaphethiloli womoya kumasilinda, zonke izingxenye zeyunithi zihlangabezana nengcindezi enkulu yokushisa (izinga lokushisa kusilinda lenyukela kuma-degree ayi-1000 noma ngaphezulu). Idivayisi yenjini ifaka inani elikhulu lezingxenye ezidinga ukupholisa, kepha ngenxa yokuthi azihlangene nohlelo lokupholisa, bahlushwa ukungabi bikho kokudluliswa kokushisa. Izibonelo zezingxenye ezinjalo zingama-piston uqobo, izinduku zokuxhuma, njll.

Ukugcina lezi zingxenye zipholile futhi zithole inani elifanele lokugcoba, imoto ifakwe uhlelo lokuthambisa. Ngaphezu komklamo wakudala, ochazwe kokunye ukubuyekeza, kukhona nenguqulo yesump eyomile.

Ake sicabangele ukuthi isigaxa esomile sihluke kanjani kwesigaxa esimanzi, uhlelo lusebenza kumuphi umgomo, nokuthi yiziphi izinzuzo nezinkinga zalo.

Yini owomile isobho lamafutha?

Kungakhathaliseki ukuguqulwa uhlelo Lubrication, ukusebenza isimiso ngokuyisisekelo efanayo kubo. Iphampu lincela uwoyela ovela echibini futhi, ngaphansi kwengcindezi, liyondla ngemigqa kawoyela ezingxenyeni ezithile zenjini. Ezinye izingxenye zihlala zixhumana ne-lubricant, ezinye ziniselwa kakhulu ngenkungu kawoyela eyakhiwe ngenxa yokusebenza okusebenzayo kwe-crank mechanism (ngemininingwane yokuthi isebenza kanjani, funda lapha).

Kuhlelo lwakudala, igrisi igeleza ngokwemvelo kusobho lapho kutholakala khona ipompo likawoyela. Iqinisekisa ukuhamba kukawoyela ngemigudu efanele. Lolu hlobo lwesistimu lubizwa nge-sump emanzi. I-analogue eyomile isho uhlelo olufanayo, kuphela inedamu elihlukile (alikho endaweni ephansi kakhulu yeyunithi kodwa liphezulu), lapho iphampu enkulu izokhipha khona i-lubricant, kanye nepompo eyengeziwe kawoyela. Iphampu yesibili iyadingeka ukupompa igrisi ezingxenyeni zenjini.

Kuhlelo olunjalo, inani elithile loketshezi lokuthambisa nalo luzoba sump. Umile ngaphansi kombandela. Ukuthi kulokhu, i-pallet ayisetshenziselwa ukugcina lonke ivolumu kawoyela. Kukhona idamu elihlukile lalokhu.

Ngaphandle kokuthi uhlelo lokuthambisa lwakudala luzikhombisile ukuthi lusezingeni eliphansi lokulungiswa kanye nokusebenza ngokuthembekile okuphezulu, alunazo izingqinamba zalo. Isibonelo salokhu yi-pallet ephukile lapho imoto inqoba indawo engaphandle komgwaqo futhi ishaya itshe elibukhali. Cabanga ukuthi yiziphi ezinye izimo lapho uhlelo lwe-sump olomile lusiza khona.

Lusetshenziselwa ini uhlelo lwe-sump dry?

Esikhathini esiningi, imoto yezemidlalo, isigaba esithile semishini ekhethekile namanye ama-SUV azofakwa ngohlelo olufanayo lokuthambisa injini. Uma sikhuluma ngama-SUV, khona-ke kuyacaca ukuthi kungani ithangi likawoyela lenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi lingekho endaweni ephansi kakhulu yemoto. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu lapho kudluliswa umfula, lapho umshayeli engaboni amatshe abukhali ngaphansi kwamanzi noma lapho enqoba kanzima ngaphandle komgwaqo onendawo enamatshe.

Kuthiwani ngezimoto zemidlalo? Kungani imoto yezemidlalo idinga isigaxa esomile uma ihlala ihamba endaweni ecwebezelayo? Eqinisweni, ngejubane eliphakeme, ngisho nezinguquko ezincane emzileni wokugcwala zingagcwala ukuqhuma okukhulu okuvela ngaphansi kwemoto ngenxa yokuthi iphalethi linamathele ebusweni bomgwaqo. Lapho umshayeli ebopha amabhuleki acijile ngaphambi kokungena ejikeni, imoto incika phambili, okunciphisa ukususwa komhlaba kube sezingeni elibucayi.

Kepha nalokhu akuyona into ebaluleke kakhulu emotweni yezemidlalo. Lapho i-crankshaft isebenza ngejubane eliphezulu, kudizayini yakudala yohlelo lokuthambisa, iningi lothambisa lifakwa emgqonyeni kawoyela bese linikezwa izingxenye ezahlukahlukene zophiko lwamandla. Ngokwemvelo, izinga lokugcoba echibini lincishiswe kakhulu.

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, iphampu kawoyela iyakwazi ukukhipha uwoyela futhi yakhe ingcindezi edingekayo yokusebenzisa imishini. Kodwa-ke, indlela yezemidlalo yokushayela ihlala ihlotshaniswa neqiniso lokuthi i-lubricant esele ku-sump splashes ngenxa yokuhamba njalo kwemoto. Kule modi, ipompo alikwazi ukusebenza kahle futhi alincishi uketshezi olwanele.

Ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwazo zonke lezi zinto ezingenhla, injini ingathola indlala kawoyela. Njengoba izingxenye ezihamba ngokushesha zingatholi inani elifanele lokuthambisa, ifilimu evikelayo kuzo isuswa masinyane, okuholela ekungqubuzaneni owomile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinto azikutholi ukupholisa okwanele. Konke lokhu kunciphisa kakhulu impilo yokusebenza yenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi.

Ukuqeda yonke le miphumela emibi, onjiniyela bakha uhlelo lwesump. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ukwakheka kwayo kuhlukile kunhlobo olujwayelekile.

Isimiso sokusebenza nedivayisi "sump dry"

Amafutha okugcoba izingxenye zenjini ohlelweni olunjalo lutholakala echibini, okukhishwa kulo iphampu yokucindezela. Ngokuya ngocingo, igrisi ingafaka irediyetha yokupholisa noma iqonde ngqo emotweni ngeziteshi ezihloselwe lokhu.

Ngemuva kokuthi ingxenye igcwalise umsebenzi wayo (izithambisile izingxenye, yageza uthuli lwensimbi kubo, uma yakha, futhi yasusa ukushisa), iqoqwa epanini ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla adonsela phansi. Ukusuka lapho, uketshezi lumuncelelwa elinye ipompo bese lufakwa echibini. Ukuze izinhlayiya ezincane ezigezelwe esampini zingabuyeli enjinini, kulesi sigaba zigcinwa kusihlungi sikawoyela. Kwezinye izinguquko, uwoyela uhamba nge-radiator, lapho upholile khona, njenge-antifreeze ku-CO.

Kulesi sigaba, iluphu ivaliwe. Ngokuya ngokwakhiwa kohlelo, kungahle kube khona amamojula wokudonsa kuwo, asheshisa ukuqoqwa kukawoyela ethangini. Izimoto eziningi ze-sump ezomile zinemishini eyengeziwe yokuqinisa ukuthambisa kwethimba. Ake sihlolisise ukuthi i-lubrication system isebenza kanjani, futhi into ngayinye isebenza kanjani kuyo.

Injini eyomile sump system

Ezimotweni zesimanje, kungasetshenziswa ukuguqulwa okuhlukile kokugcotshwa kwe-sump engine eyomile. Akunandaba, izinto zabo ezibalulekile yilezi:

• Idamu elingeziwe lokugcoba;
• Iphampu elenza ikhanda emgqeni;
• Iphampu ekhipha uwoyela esampeni (ngokufana nenguqulo yakudala esampeni emanzi);
• Irediyetha lapho uwoyela udlula khona, usuka esumpini uye ethangini;
• Inzwa yokushisa ye-lubricant;
• Inzwa eqopha ingcindezi kawoyela ohlelweni;
• Thermostat;
• Isihlungi esifana naleso esisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zakudala;
• Ukunciphisa nokudlula i-valve (ngokuya ngemodeli yohlelo, inombolo yazo ingahluka).

Isigcini sikawoyela esingeziwe singaba ngezindlela ezihlukile. Konke kuncike ekutheni igumbi lenjini lihlelwe kanjani kwimodeli ethile yemoto. Amathangi amaningi anezinkinga eziningana ngaphakathi. Ziyadingeka ukuthambisa i-lubricant ngenkathi imoto ihamba, futhi ayigwebi amagwebu.

Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, ipompo likawoyela, kanye ne-lubricant, kancane lincela emoyeni. Ukuvimbela ukucindezelwa ngokweqile kulayini, kukhona umoya ethangini onenhloso efanayo ne-crankcase vent.

Inenzwa yokushisa nenzwa yokucindezela kulayini. Ukuze umshayeli abone ukungabikho kokugcoba ngesikhathi, kune-dipstick ethangini lapho kubhekwa khona ithangi.

Ubuhle besiziba esengeziwe ukuthi i-automaker ingahlela indawo yenjini ngendlela yayo. Lokhu kuvumela isisindo sazo zonke izindlela ukuthi zisatshalaliswe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuphathwa kwezimoto zezemidlalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ithangi lingabekwa egumbini le-injini ukuze i-lubricant ishaywe kuyo ngenkathi ishayela, futhi kunikezwa ukupholisa okungeziwe.

Iphampu yokulethwa kukawoyela ivame ukutholakala ngaphansi kwetanki likawoyela. Le ndlela yokufaka yenza umsebenzi wakhe ube lula kancane, ngoba akudingeki ukuthi asebenzise amandla ukukhipha uketshezi - lungena emgodini wakhe ngaphansi kwethonya lamandla adonsela phansi. Kudingeka i-valve yokunciphisa ingcindezi kanye ne-valve yokudlula ohlelweni ukulawula umfutho kawoyela.

Indima yempompo yokufuduka ifana nomshini ofanayo ofakwe kunoma yiluphi uhlelo lokuthambisa lwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi eyi-4-stroke (yomehluko phakathi kwezinjini ezine ezishaya unhlangothi nezimbili, funda lapha). Kunokulungiswa okuningana kwalaba bashayayo, futhi ekwakhiweni kwabo kwehlukile kumaphampu afakelwe ithangi lamafutha elengeziwe.

Ngokuya ngemodeli yemoto, kungahle kube namamojula amaningi wokumpompa. Isibonelo, kuyunithi enomklamo omise okwe-V wesilinda, iphampu enkulu inesitolo esingeziwe esiqoqa igrisi esetshenzisiwe kusuka indlela yokusabalalisa igesi... Futhi uma injini ifakwe i-turbocharger, khona-ke kuzofakwa nesigaba sokudonsa esengeziwe eduze kwaso.

Lo mklamo usheshisa ukunqwabelana kwamafutha echibini elikhulu. Uma ibizokhipha ngokwemvelo, maningi amathuba okuthi izinga eligciniwe libe ngaphansi kakhulu futhi injini ingatholi uwoyela owenele.

Ukusebenza kwamaphampu wokuhambisa nokukhipha kuxhunywe ku-crankshaft. Ngenkathi izungeza, abashayayo bayasebenza. Kukhona, kepha akuvamile ngokwanele, ukuguqulwa okusebenza kusuka ku-camshaft. I-torque esuka ku-crankshaft iye kumshini wepompo idluliselwa ngebhande noma ngochungechunge.

Kulomklamo, kungenzeka ukufaka inombolo edingekayo yezigaba ezingeziwe ezizosebenza kusuka kushaft eyodwa. Ubuhle baleli lungiselelo ukuthi uma kwenzeka kuphahlazeka, ipompo lingadilizwa emotweni ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukwakhiwa kweyunithi uqobo.

Yize iphampu yokukhipha inesimiso esifanayo sokusebenza nomklamo ofanayo nowezimanzi wesump, ilungisiwe ukuze ukusebenza kwayo kungalahleki, noma ngabe kumunca uwoyela ophephukile noma umoya omncane.

Into elandelayo engekho ezinhlelweni zokumisa ezimanzi yi-radiator. Umsebenzi wayo uyefana nowesishintshisi sokushisa sohlelo lokupholisa. Ibuye ibe nomklamo ofanayo. Funda kabanzi ngalokhu. kokunye ukubuyekeza... Ngokuyinhloko, ifakiwe phakathi kwepompo kawoyela womjovo nenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi, kepha kukhona nezinketho zokufaka phakathi kwepompo yokufuduka nethangi.

Kudingeka i-thermostat ohlelweni lokuthambisa ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuthi ingapholi ngaphambi kwesikhathi lapho injini ifudumala. Uhlelo lokupholisa lunomgomo ofanayo, ochazwa ngokuningiliziwe. lapha... Ngamafuphi, ngenkathi injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ifudumala (ikakhulukazi ngenkathi ebandayo), uwoyela okuwo mkhulu. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ayidingi ukupholisa ukuze igeleze futhi ithuthukise ukuthambisa kweyunithi.

Lapho nje indawo yokusebenza ifinyelela izinga lokushisa olifunayo (ungathola ukuthi izinga lokushisa lenjini kufanele libe yini kusuka kwenye indatshana), i-thermostat iyavula futhi uwoyela ugeleza ku-radiator ukuze uphole. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukushabalalisa ukushisa okungcono okuvela ezingxenyeni ezishisayo ezingathintani nejakhethi yokupholisa yemoto.

Ubuhle nobubi besistimu ye-sump eyomile

Inzuzo yokuqala ngqa yezinhlelo ze-sump ezomile ukuhlinzeka nge-lubrication ezinzile, kungakhathalekile indlela yokushayela yemoto. Noma imoto inqobe ukukhuphuka isikhathi eside, imoto ngeke ibhekane nendlala kawoyela. Njengoba ngesikhathi sokushayela ngokweqile kungenzeka ukuthi imoto ishise ngokweqile, lokhu kuguqulwa kunikeza ukupholisa okungcono kweyunithi. Lesi sici sibaluleke kakhulu ku-ICE efakwe i-turbine (ukuthola imininingwane kudivayisi kanye nenqubo yokusebenza kwale ndlela, funda ngokwehlukana).

Ngenxa yokuthi uwoyela awugcinwanga esampeni, kodwa echibini elihlukile, ukwakheka komamukeli kawoyela kuncane kakhulu, ngenxa yokuthi abaklami bakwazi ukuphatha ukuncipha kwemoto yezemidlalo. Okuphansi ezimotweni ezinjalo kuvame ukuba yisicaba, okunomphumela omuhle kuma-aerodynamics ezokuthutha (kuchaza ini okuthinta le parameter lapha).

Uma isigaqa sihlatshwa ngesikhathi sokugibela, igrisi ngeke iphume kulo, njengakwisistimu yokuthambisa yakudala. Lokhu kunikeza inzuzo ekulungisweni okuphuthumayo emgwaqeni, ikakhulukazi uma i-SUV ithole umonakalo onjalo kude kakhulu nesitolo esiseduze sezingxenye zezimoto.

Ukuhlanganiswa okulandelayo kwesump eyomile ukuthi kwenza umsebenzi weyunithi yamandla uqobo ube lula kancane. Ngakho-ke, lapho imoto ime isikhathi eside emakhazeni, uwoyela osethangini uyaqina. Ngesikhathi sokuqala iyunithi yamandla ngohlelo lokuthambisa lwakudala, i-crankshaft idinga ukunqoba ukumelana kuphela kumasilinda ku-compression stroke (lapho injini isebenza, la mandla ayenziwa lula amandla angenawo amandla), kodwa futhi ukumelana nowoyela ojiyile (i-crankshaft kuleli cala isekugeza uwoyela). Esikhathini esomile, le nkinga iyasuswa, ngoba yonke into yokugcoba ihlukile ku-crankshaft, okwenza i-ICE iqale ngokushesha.

Ngesikhathi sokujikeleza, i-crankshaft ayisebenzi ohlelweni lokuthambisa njengesihlanganisi. Ngenxa yalokhu, uwoyela awenzi amagwebu futhi awulahli ukuminyana kwawo. Lokhu kunikeza ifilimu esezingeni elingcono ezindaweni zokuxhumana zezingxenye zamayunithi.

Ku-sump eyomile, i-lubricant ayixhumani kangako namagesi we-crankcase. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinga lokusabela kwe-oxidative liyancipha, okwandisa insiza yento. Izinhlayiya ezincane azinaso isikhathi sokuhlala epanini likawoyela, kepha zisuswa ngokushesha kusihlungi.

Njengoba amaphampu ka-oyela ekulungisweni okuningi kohlelo efakwe ngaphandle kweyunithi, uma kwenzeka ukuwohloka, asikho isidingo sokuqaqa injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ukuze kwenziwe izinqubo ezidingekayo. Lezi zici zisivumela ukuba siphethe ngokuthi iyunithi enohlobo lwe-crankcase eyomile inokwethenjelwa futhi isebenza kahle ngokuqhathaniswa ne-analogue yakudala.

Yize kunenqwaba yezici ezinhle, uhlelo lwe-sump olomile lunezinkinga eziningi ezimbi. Nakhu okuyinhloko:

• Okokuqala, ngenxa yobukhona bezindlela ezengeziwe nezingxenye, ukugcinwa kohlelo kuzobiza kakhulu. Kwezinye izimo, ubunzima bokulungiswa buhlobene nokusebenza kwe-elekthronikhi (kunezinhlobonhlobo lapho i-lubrication yeyunithi ilawulwa isilawuli esihlukile).
• Okwesibili, uma kuqhathaniswa nohlelo lwakudala, lokhu kuguqulwa kudinga inani elikhudlwana lamafutha emotweni enevolumu efanayo nokuklanywa. Lokhu kungenxa yobukhona bezinqubo ezengeziwe nezakhi, okunamandla kakhulu yi-radiator. Isici esifanayo sithinta isisindo semoto.
• Okwesithathu, intengo yemoto eyomile esumpe iphezulu kakhulu kunaleyo yozakwabo wakudala.

Ezimotweni zokukhiqiza ezivamile, ukusetshenziswa kwesistimu eyomile yesump akunangqondo. Izimoto ezinjalo azisebenzi noma ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi kakhulu, lapho kungahlolwa khona ukusebenza kwentuthuko enjalo. Ilungele kakhulu ukuhlangana kwezimoto zomjaho, imijaho yesifunda efana neNASCAR nezinye izinhlobo zemotorsport. Uma kunesifiso sokwenza ngcono kancane izici zemoto yakho, ukufaka isump system eyomile ngeke kunikeze umphumela obonakalayo ngaphandle kwesimanje esibi sezimo ezinzima zokusebenza. Kulokhu, ungazikhawulela ekucushweni kwe-chip, kepha lesi yisihloko ukuthola enye indatshana.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulabo abanentshisekelo esihlokweni sokushuna okuzenzakalelayo, siphakamisa ukuthi babuke le vidiyo, ekhuluma ngokuningiliziwe ngesistimu eyomile kanye nobunye ubuqili obuhlobene nokufakwa kwayo:

UCarter owomile! Kanjani, kungani, futhi ngani?

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Isho ukuthini i-dry sump? Lolu wuhlobo lwesistimu yokugcoba injini ene-reservoir ehlukile egcina uwoyela wenjini. Izimoto eziningi zesimanje zifakelwe i-wet sump system.

Iyini i-sump eyomile? I-dry sump system ihloselwe ikakhulukazi lezo zimoto ezihamba kancane emithambekeni eyimiqansa. Kulolu hlelo, i-motor ihlale ithola ukugcotshwa okufanele kwezingxenye.

Yiziphi izici zokuklama zamasistimu okugcoba e-sump? Ku-sump eyomile, uwoyela ugelezela ku-sump, futhi ukusuka lapho iphampu kawoyela iwumunca bese uwumpompa endaweni ehlukile. Ezinhlelweni ezinjalo, kuhlale kukhona amaphampu kawoyela amabili.

Lusebenza kanjani uhlelo lokugcoba injini? Kulezi zinhlelo, i-motor igcotshwa ngendlela yakudala - uwoyela uphonswa ngamashaneli kuzo zonke izingxenye. Ku-sump eyomile, ukuwohloka kwe-sump kungalungiswa ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa wonke uwoyela.