Ikhoyili yomlilo: yini, kungani idingeka, izimpawu zokungasebenzi kahle

Njengoba bonke abashayeli bazi, amandla kaphethiloli nodizili asebenza ngezimiso ezahlukahlukene. Uma ku-injini kadizili uphethiloli ushiswa kusuka ekushiseni komoya okucindezelwe ku-cylinder (umoya kuphela osegumbini ngesikhathi sokushaywa komoya, futhi uphethiloli unikezwa ekugcineni kwesifo), bese kuba i-analogue kaphethiloli inqubo yenziwe yizinhlansi ezakhiwa yi-spark plug.

Sivele sikhulume ngenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi ngokuningiliziwe ku ukubuyekeza okuhlukile... Manje sizogxila entweni ehlukile yohlelo lokuthungela, ekusebenzeni okuthembela ekusimeni kwenjini. Le ikhoyili yokushisa.

Ivelaphi inhlansi? Kungani kukhona ikhoyili ohlelweni lokushisa? Yiziphi izinhlobo zamakhoyili ezikhona? Zisebenza kanjani futhi zinhloboni yedivayisi?

Yini ikhoyili yokushisa imoto

Ukuze uphethiloli osesilinda ukhele, inhlanganisela yalezi zinto ibalulekile:

• Inani elanele lomoya omusha (i-valve mpintsha ibhekele lokhu);
• Ukuxuba okuhle komoya nophethiloli (lokhu kuya nge uhlobo lohlelo lukaphethiloli);
• Inhlansi esezingeni eliphakeme (kuyakhiwa ama-spark plugs, kepha ikhoyili yokuthungela edonsa i-pulse) noma ukukhishwa ngaphakathi kwama-volts ayizinkulungwane ezingama-20;
• Ukukhishwa kufanele kwenzeke lapho i-VTS esesilinda isivele icindezelwe, futhi i-piston nge-inertia ishiye isikhungo esiphezulu esifile (ngokuya ngemodi yokusebenza yenjini, le pulse ingakhiwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kunalesi sikhathi noma kamuva) .

Ngenkathi iningi lalezi zinto lincike ekusebenzeni komjovo, isikhathi se-valve nezinye izinhlelo, yikhoyili edala ukushaya ngamandla okuphezulu. Yilapho amandla amakhulu kangaka avela ohlelweni lwe-12-volt.

Ohlelweni lokuthungela imoto kaphethiloli, ikhoyili iyithuluzi elincane eliyingxenye yohlelo lwemoto kagesi. Iqukethe isiguquli esincane esigcina amandla futhi, uma kunesidingo, sikhiphe konke okuphakelayo. Ngesikhathi kuqalwa ukuqina kwamandla kagesi aphezulu, sekuvele kungama-volts ayizinkulungwane ezingama-20.

Uhlelo lokuthungela uqobo lusebenza ngokuya ngalesi simiso esilandelayo. Lapho ukuqedwa kokuminyaniswa kuqediwe kusilinda esithile, inzwa ye-crankshaft ithumela isiginali encane ku-ECU mayelana nesidingo senhlansi. Lapho ikhoyili iphumule, isebenza ngemodi yokugcina amandla.

Ngemuva kokuthola isignali mayelana nokwakheka kwenhlansi, iyunithi yokulawula yenza kusebenze ukudluliswa kwekhoyili, evula i-winding eyodwa bese ivala i-high-voltage one. Ngalesi sikhathi, amandla adingekayo akhishwa. Umfutho udlula kumsabalalisi, onquma ukuthi iyiphi ipulagi edinga ukufakwa amandla. Okwamanje kugeleza ngezintambo ezinamandla amakhulu axhunywe kuma-plugs enhlansi.

Ezimotweni ezindala, uhlelo lokuthungela lunomsabalalisi osabalalisa i-voltage kuwo wonke ama-spark plugs futhi asebenzise / acime ama-coil windings. Emishinini yesimanje, uhlelo olunjalo luhlobo lokulawula ngogesi.

Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, ikhoyili yokuthungela iyadingeka ukuze kudale i-pulse high-voltage high-term. Amandla agcinwa yisistimu kagesi yemoto (ibhethri noma ugesi).

Idivayisi nenqubo yokusebenza kwekhoyili yokuthungela

Isithombe sikhombisa olunye lwezinhlobo zamakhoyili.

Ngokuya ngohlobo, isifunda esifushane singaqukatha:

1. Isivikelo esivimbela ukuvuza kwamanje kusuka kudivayisi;
2. Icala lapho kuqoqwa khona zonke izakhi (imvamisa kuyinsimbi, kepha kukhona nozakwabo bepulasitiki abenziwe ngezinto ezingamelana nokushisa);
3. Ukuvikela iphepha;
4. Ukugoqa okuyinhloko, okwenziwe ngentambo efakwe ngci, kulinyazwe ngokujika okungu-100-150. Inemiphumela eyi-12V;
5. Iwinding yesibili, enesakhiwo esifana nesikhulu, kepha inezinkulungwane eziyi-15-30 ezijika ngaphakathi kwesisekelo. Izinto ezinomklamo ofanayo zingafakwa imodyuli yokuthungela, amaphini amabili kanye nekhoyili ephindwe kabili. Kule ngxenye yesifunda esifushane, kwenziwa i-voltage eyeqa izinkulungwane ezingama-20 V, ngokuya ngokuguqulwa kwesistimu. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuxhumana kwento ngayinye yedivayisi kufakwa ngci ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi ukuwohloka akwenzi, kusetshenziswa ithiphu;
6. Ukuxhumana kwesikhumulo soguquko oluyinhloko. Kuma-reels amaningi, kukhonjiswa ngohlamvu K;
7. I-bolt yokuxhumana lapho into yokuxhumana ihlelwe khona
8. Isitolo esimaphakathi, lapho ucingo oluphakathi luye kusabalalisi;
9. Ikhava yokuvikela;
10. Ibhethri lesikhumulo lenethiwekhi esemabhodini yomshini;
11. Intwasahlobo yokuxhumana;
12. Ubakaki wokulungisa lapho idivayisi imiswe khona endaweni engaguquki egumbini lenjini;
13. Ikhebula langaphandle;
14. Umnyombo ovimbela ukwakheka kwamanje kwe-eddy.

Ngokuya ngohlobo lwemoto nohlelo lokuthungela olusetshenzisiwe kuyo, indawo yesekethe emfushane eyedwa. Ukuze uthole ngokushesha le nto, udinga ukuzijwayeza imibhalo yezobuchwepheshe yemoto, ezokhombisa umdwebo kagesi wayo yonke imoto.

Ukusebenza kwesekethe elifushane kunomgomo wokusebenza kwe-transformer. Ukugoqa okuyinhloko kuxhunywe kubhethri ngokuzenzakalela (futhi lapho injini isebenza, amandla akhiqizwa i-generator ayasetshenziswa). Ngenkathi iphumule, okwamanje kugeleza ngekhebula. Okwamanje, i-winding yakha insimu kazibuthe esebenza ngocingo oluncane lwensimbi yesibili. Njengomphumela walesi senzo, i-voltage ephezulu iyakha entweni ene-voltage ephezulu.

Lapho i-breaker icushiwe futhi ukuvalwa okuyisisekelo kucishiwe, amandla e-electromotive akhiqizwa kuzo zombili izakhi. Ukuphakama kwe-EMF yokuzenzela ngokwakho, insimu kazibuthe izonyamalala ngokushesha. Ukusheshisa le nqubo, i-voltage ephansi yamanje nayo inganikezwa kumgogodla wesifunda esifushane. Ukwanda kwamanje entweni yesibili, ngenxa yokuthi amandla akulesi sigaba ehla kakhulu futhi kwakheka i-arc voltage.

Le pharamitha iyagcinwa kuze kube yilapho amandla esuswe ngokuphelele. Ezimotweni eziningi zesimanje, le nqubo (ukunciphisa amandla kagesi) ihlala ama-1.4ms. Lokhu kwanele ngokwakhiwa kwenhlansi enamandla engahlaba umoya phakathi kwama-electrode ekhandlela. Ngemuva kokuthi ukukhishwa kwesibili sekukhishwe ngokuphelele, wonke amandla asetshenziswayo ukugcina amandla we-voltage kanye ne-damp oscillations kagesi.

Ukuhoxa imisebenzi ikhoyili

Ukusebenza kahle kwekhoyili yokuthungela kuncike kakhulu ohlotsheni lwe-valve esetshenziswa ohlelweni lwemoto. Ngakho-ke, umhambisi womshini ulahlekelwa inani elincane lamandla ngenkathi kuvalwa / kuvulwa oxhumana nabo, ngoba inhlansi encane ingakha phakathi kwezakhi. Ukuntuleka kwezinto zokuxhumana ngomshini we-breaker kubonakala ngesivinini esiphakeme noma esiphansi sezimoto.

Lapho i-crankshaft inenani elincane lezinguquko, izinto zokuxhumana zomhambisi zenza ukukhishwa okuncane kwe-arc, ngenxa yalokho amandla amancane anikezwa ku-spark plug. Kepha ngejubane eliphezulu le-crankshaft, oxhumana nabo be-breaker bayadlidliza, okwenza i-voltage yesibili yehle. Ukuqeda lo mphumela, kufakwa isakhi sokumelana namakhoyili asebenza nge-chopper yemishini.

Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, inhloso yekhoyili iyafana - ukuguqula amandla wamandla aphansi abe aphezulu. Amapharamitha asele wokusebenza kwe-SZ ancike kwezinye izinto.

Ukusebenza kwe-Coil esifundeni esijwayelekile sohlelo lokushisa

Imininingwane mayelana nedivayisi nezinhlobo zezinhlelo zokushisa imoto zichaziwe ngokubuyekezwa okuhlukile... Kepha ngamafuphi, kwisekethe ye-SZ, ikhoyili izosebenza ngokulandela le nqubo elandelayo.

Oxhumana nabo be-voltage ephansi baxhumeke ezintanjeni zamandla kagesi aphansi ezivela ebhethri. Ukuvikela ibhethri ukuthi lingadedeli ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwesekethe elifushane, isigaba samandla aphansi wesifunda kufanele siphindwe kabili nge-generator, ngakho-ke i-wiring ihlanganiswe yaba yihhanisi elilodwa lokuhlanganisa kanye nehhanisi elilodwa lokususa (endleleni, ngesikhathi ukusebenza kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi, ibhethri ligcwalisiwe).

1) i-generator, 2) switch switch, 3) distributor, 4) breaker, 5) spark plugs, 6) i-ignition coil, 7) ibhethri

Uma i-generator iyeka ukusebenza (ukuthi ukubheka kanjani ukungasebenzi kwayo, kuyachazwa lapha), imoto isebenzisa amandla avela kumthombo wamandla webhethri. Kubhethri, umenzi angakhombisa ukuthi imoto ingasebenza isikhathi esingakanani kule modi (ngemininingwane yokuthi ungalikhetha kanjani ibhethri elisha emotweni yakho, kuchazwa kwesinye isihloko).

Oxhumana naye onamandla aphezulu uphuma kwekhoyili. Ngokuya ngokuguqulwa kwesistimu, ukuxhumeka kwayo kungaba ku-breaker noma ngqo kwikhandlela. Lapho ukuthungela kuvuliwe, amandla wegesi anikezwa kusuka ebhethri kuya kwekhoyili. Kwakhiwa insimu kazibuthe phakathi kwama-windings, akhuliswa ngokuba khona kwengqikithi.

Okwamanje injini iqala, i-starter iphendulela iflowwheel, lapho i-crankshaft ijikeleza khona. I-DPKV ilungisa ukuma kwalesi sici futhi inikeze umfutho kuphiko lokulawula lapho i-piston ifinyelela esikhungweni esiphezulu esifile kuhlangothi lokucindezelwa. Esifundeni esifushane, isifunda siyavulwa, okudala ukuqhuma kwamandla wesikhashana esifushane esifundeni sesibili.

Okwamanje okhiqizwayo kugeleza ngocingo oluphakathi kuya kusabalalisi. Kuya ngokuthi iyiphi isilinda esetshenziswayo, ipulagi enjena ithola amandla ahambisanayo. Ukukhishwa kwenzeka phakathi kwama-electrode, futhi le nhlansi ibasa ingxube yomoya nophethiloli ocindezelwe emgodini. Kunezinhlelo zokuthungela lapho i-spark plug ngayinye ifakwe ikhoyili ngayinye noma iphindwe kabili. Ukulandelana kokusebenza kwezakhi kunqunywa engxenyeni yamandla amancane, ngenxa yokuthi ukulahlekelwa okuphezulu kwamandla kuncishiswa.

Izici eziyinhloko zekhoyili yokuthungela:

Nalu itafula lezimpawu eziyinhloko namanani alo wesifunda esifushane:

Ipharamitha:	Inani:
Ukuphikiswa	Ekushayweni okuyinhloko, lesi sici kufanele sibe ngaphakathi kuka-0.25-0.55 Ohm. Ipharamitha efanayo kusekethe yesibili kufanele ibe ngaphakathi kuka-2-25kOhm. Le pharamitha incike enjinini nohlobo lwesistimu yokushisa (ihlukile kwimodeli ngayinye). Ukuphakama kokumelana, amandla amancane okwenza inhlansi.
Spark amandla	Leli nani kufanele libe ngu-0.1J futhi lisetshenziswe ngaphakathi kwama-1.2ms. Emakhandleleni, leli nani lihambisana nepharamitha yokukhishwa kwe-arc phakathi kwama-electrode. La mandla ancike kububanzi bama-electrode, igebe eliphakathi kwawo nezinto zawo. Kuya futhi ngokushisa kwe-BTC kanye nengcindezi egumbini lesilinda.
Amandla okuphuka	Ukwephuka ukukhishwa okwenzeka phakathi kwama-electrode ekhandlela. Amandla okusebenza ancike esikhaleni se-SZ kanye nemingcele efanayo nalapho kunqunywa amandla we-spark. Le parameter kufanele ibe phezulu lapho imoto iqala nje. Injini uqobo kanye nenhlanganisela kaphethiloli womoya okukuyo kusashisa kahle, ngakho-ke inhlansi kufanele ibe namandla.
Inombolo yezinhlansi / iminithi.	Inani lezinhlansi ngomzuzu linqunywa yizinguquko zonyawo lwenamba kanye nenani lamasilinda wenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi.
Izinguquko	Leli yinani elibonisa ukuthi kukhuphuka kangakanani i-voltage eyinhloko. Lapho ama-volts ayi-12 efika emazombezombe nasekunqanyulweni kwayo okulandelayo, amandla amanje ehla kakhulu aze afike ku-zero. Okwamanje, i-voltage ekujikeni iqala ukukhuphuka. Leli nani ipharamitha yokuguqulwa. Kunqunywa isilinganiso senombolo yamaphuzu womabili awokufaka.
Ukungenisa	Le parameter inquma izakhiwo zokugcina zekhoyili (ilinganiswa ku-G). Inani le-inductance lilingana nenani lamandla agciniwe.

Izinhlobo zamakhoyili wokushisa

Ukuphakama kancane, sihlolisise ukwakheka kanye nenqubo yokusebenza kokuguqulwa okulula kwesekethe elifushane. Kuhlelo olunjalo lohlelo, ukusatshalaliswa kwemithwalo ekhiqizwayo kunikezwa ngumsabalalisi. Izimoto zesimanje zifakwe abaphathi be-elekthronikhi, futhi zinazo izinhlobo ezahlukene zamakhoyili.

I-KZ yesimanje kufanele ihlangabezane nalezi zindlela ezilandelayo:

• Encane futhi engasindi;
• Kufanele ube nempilo ende yokusebenza;
• Idizayini yayo kufanele ibe lula ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kube lula ukuyifaka nokuyigcina (lapho kuvela ukungasebenzi kahle, umshayeli wemoto uzokwazi ukuyikhomba ngokuzimela futhi athathe izinyathelo ezidingekayo);
• Vikelwa kumswakama nasekushiseni. Ngenxa yalokhu, imoto izoqhubeka nokusebenza ngempumelelo ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu eziguqukayo;
• Lapho ifakwa ngqo emakhandleleni, umhwamuko ovela ezimotweni nakwezinye izimo ezinolaka akufanele wonakalise umzimba wengxenye;
• Kufanele zivikelwe ngangokunokwenzeka kusuka kumasekethe amafushane nokuvuza kwamanje;
• Idizayini yayo kufanele inikeze ukupholisa okusebenzayo futhi, ngasikhathi sinye, kube lula ukufakwa.

Kunezinhlobo ezinjalo zamakhoyili:

• Okuvamile noma okujwayelekile;
• Ngamunye;
• Amaphini amabili noma amabili;
• Yomile;
• Kugcwele uwoyela.

Kungakhathalekile ukuthi hlobo luni lwesekethe olufushane, banesenzo esifanayo - baguqula amandla kagesi aphansi abe ngamandla kagesi aphezulu. Noma kunjalo, uhlobo ngalunye lunezici zalo zokwakha. Ake sicabangele ngamunye wabo ngokuningiliziwe.

Idizayini yekhoyili yakudala

Amasekhethi amafushane anjalo ayesetshenziswa ezimotweni ezindala ezinokuthintana bese kufakwa okungaxhunywanga. Banomklamo olula kunazo zonke - aqukethe ama-windings aphansi nasesekondari. Kwisici se-low-voltage kungaba nokujika okungafika ku-150, nasentweni ene-voltage ephezulu - kufika ezinkulungwaneni ezingama-30. Ukuvimbela isekhethi elifushane ukuthi lingakheki phakathi kwabo, izintambo ezisetshenziselwa ukwenza ukujika ziyafakwa.

Ekudizayineni okudala, umzimba wenziwe ngensimbi ngesimo sengilazi, wagoqeka kolunye uhlangothi wavalwa ngesivalo kolunye. Ikhava inoxhumana nabo abanamandla aphansi noxhumana naye oyedwa kulayini onamandla amakhulu. I emazombezombe emazombezombe itholakala phezulu yesibili.

Maphakathi kwento ene-voltage ephezulu ingumgogodla okhulisa amandla kazibuthe.

Isiguquli semoto esinjalo manje asisetshenziswa ngenxa yezici zezinhlelo zesimanje zokushisa. Basengatholakala ezimotweni ezindala ezikhiqizwe ekhaya.

Isifunda esifushane jikelele sinezici ezilandelayo:

• Umthamo omkhulu ongawukhiqiza usezingeni lama-volts ayizinkulungwane eziyi-18-20;
• Isisekelo se-lamellar sifakwe maphakathi kwento ene-voltage ephezulu. Into ngayinye ekuyo inokushuba kuka-0.35-0.55mm. futhi kufakwe i-varnish nge-varnish noma ngesikali;
• Onke amapuleti aqoqelwe kubhubhu evamile lapho kugwinywa khona okwesibili;
• Ekwenziweni kwe-flask yedivayisi, i-aluminium noma insimbi yensimbi isetshenzisiwe. Odongeni lwangaphakathi kunamasekethe kazibuthe, enziwe ngezinto zensimbi kagesi;
• Amandla wesekethe asezingeni eliphezulu ledivayisi akhuphuka ngesilinganiso esingu-200-250 V / μs;
• Amandla wokukhipha angaba ngu-15-20 mJ.

Design umehluko wamakhoyili ngamanye

Njengoba kucaca egameni le-elementi, isekhethi elifushane elifakwe ngqo kwikhandlela futhi lenza umfutho walo kuphela. Lokhu ukuguqulwa isetshenziswa ukuthungela ngogesi. Ihlukile kohlobo lwangaphambilini endaweni yayo kuphela, kanye nakwindlela eyakhiwe ngayo. Idivayisi yayo ifaka nama-windings amabili, kuphela i-high-voltage elimele lapha ngaphezu kwe-low-voltage.

Ngaphezu komongo ophakathi, ibuye ibe ne-analogue yangaphandle. Kufakwa i-diode kulayini wesibili, osika amandla wamandla aphezulu manje. Phakathi nomjikelezo owodwa wezimoto, ikhoyili enjalo yakha inhlansi eyodwa ye-spark plug yayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, wonke amasekethe amafushane kufanele avumelaniswe nendawo ye-camshaft.

Ubuhle balokhu kuguqulwa ngaphezu kwalokhu okukhulunywe ngenhla ukuthi amandla aphezulu wamandla ahamba ibanga eliphansi ukusuka ekuholeni okujikayo kuya endukwini yekhandlela. Ngenxa yalokhu, amandla awamoshi nhlobo.

Amakhoyili we-Dual lead ignition

Amasekethe amancane anjalo asetshenziswa kakhulu ngohlobo lwe-elektroniki lokushisa. Ziyindlela ethuthukisiwe yekhoyili ejwayelekile. Ngokuphikisana ne-classical element, lokhu kuguqulwa kunama-terminals amabili anamandla amakhulu. Ikhoyili eyodwa isebenza ngamakhandlela amabili - kukhiqizwa inhlansi ezintweni ezimbili.

Ubuhle besikimu esinjalo ukuthi ikhandlela lokuqala libhebhezelwa ukushisa ingxube ecindezelwe yomoya nophethiloli, kuthi eyesibili idale ukukhipha lapho isifo soqhuma senzeka kusilinda. Inhlansi eyengeziwe ibonakala ingenzi lutho.

Okunye ukuhlanganiswa kwalezi zinhlobo zekhoyili ukuthi uhlelo olunjalo lokuthungela aludingi ukusabalalisa. Bangakwazi ukuxhuma kumakhandlela ngezindlela ezimbili. Esimweni sokuqala, ikhoyili ime ngokwehlukana, futhi ucingo olulodwa lwamandla amakhulu luya ezihlotsheni zamakhandlela. Enguqulweni yesibili, ikhoyili ifakwe ekhandleleni elilodwa, kanti eyesibili ixhunywe ngocingo oluhlukile oluphuma emzimbeni wedivayisi.

Lokhu kuguqulwa kusetshenziswa kuphela ezinjinjini ezinenani elibhanqiwe lamasilinda. Zingabuye zihlanganiselwe kwimodyuli eyodwa, lapho kuvela khona inombolo ehambelana nezintambo ezinamandla amakhulu.

Amakhoyili agcwele owomile nowoyela

Isifunda esifushane sakudala ngaphakathi sigcwele uwoyela we-transformer. Lolu ketshezi luvimbela ukushisa okweqile kwensimbi. Umzimba wezinto ezinjalo uyinsimbi. Njengoba i-iron inokudlulisa okuhle ukushisa, ngasikhathi sinye iyazishisa. Lesi silinganiso asihlali sinengqondo, ngoba ukuguqulwa okunjalo kuvame ukushisa kakhulu.

Ukuqeda lo mphumela, amadivayisi anamuhla akhiqizwa ngaphandle kwecala nhlobo. Isakhi se-epoxy sisetshenziswa esikhundleni salokho. Lo msebenzi wenza ngasikhathi sinye imisebenzi emibili: upholisa ama-windings futhi uwavikele kumswakama nakwamanye amathonya amabi emvelo.

Impilo yesevisi nokungasebenzi kahle kwamakhoyili okushisa

Ngokombono, insizakalo yale nto yesistimu yokuthungela imoto yanamuhla inqunyelwe kumakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-80 wemayela lemoto. Noma kunjalo, lokhu akuhlali njalo. Isizathu salokhu izimo ezihlukile zokusebenza kwemoto.

Ikhoyili ebanjiwe

Nazi izinto ezimbalwa ezinganciphisa kakhulu impilo yale divayisi:

1. Isifunda esifushane phakathi kwama-windings;
2. Ikhoyili ivame ukushisa ngokweqile (lokhu kwenzeka ngokuguqulwa okuvamile okufakwe egumbini elingenawo umoya kahle egumbini lenjini), ikakhulukazi uma lingasahlanzekile;
3. Ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside noma ukudlidlizela okunamandla (le nto ivame ukuthinta ukusebenziseka kwamamodeli afakwe enjinini);
4. Lapho i-voltage yebhethri imbi, isikhathi sokugcina amandla sidlulwa;
5. Ukulimala kwecala;
6. Lapho umshayeli engacimi ukuthungela ngesikhathi sokucisha kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi (i-winding eyinhloko ingaphansi kwamandla kagesi njalo);
7. Ukulimala kwesendlalelo sokuvikela izintambo eziqhumayo;
8. I-pinout engalungile lapho ufaka okunye esikhundleni seseva noma okokuxhuma okokusebenza okungeziwe, isibonelo, i-tachometer kagesi;
9. Abanye abashayeli bezimoto, lapho benza ukukhipha injini noma ezinye izinqubo, banqamula amakhoyili emakhandleleni, kodwa bangawaxhumi ohlelweni. Ngemuva kokuthi umsebenzi wokuhlanza wenziwe enjinini, bayigobisa i-crankshaft ngesiqalo sokukhipha konke ukungcola kumasilinda. Uma unganqamuli amakhoyili, azohluleka ezimweni eziningi.

Ukuze ungafinyezi impilo yesevisi yamakhoyili, umshayeli kufanele:

• Vala ukuthungela lapho injini ingasebenzi;
• Ukuqapha ukuhlanzeka kwecala;
• Qhubeka uphinde uhlole ukuthintana kwezintambo ezinamandla amakhulu (hhayi nje ukuqapha uketshezi okwezibani, kepha nakucingo oluphakathi);
• Qiniseka ukuthi umswakama awungeni emzimbeni, ingasaphathwa eyokuthi ngaphakathi;
• Lapho usebenzisa insiza yokuthungela, ungalokothi uphathe izinto ezinamandla amakhulu ngezandla (lokhu kuyingozi empilweni), noma ngabe injini icishiwe. Uma kwenzeka ukuqhekeka esimweni, umuntu angathola ukukhishwa okungathi sína, ngakho-ke, ngenxa yokuphepha, kungcono ukusebenza ngamagilavu ​​enjoloba;
• Hlonza ngezikhathi ezithile idivayisi esiteshini sesevisi.

Ungabona kanjani ukuthi ikhoyili inephutha?

Izimoto zesimanje zifakwe kuma-board board (ukuthi isebenza kanjani, kungani idingeka nokuthi yiziphi izinguquko zamamodeli angajwayelekile, kuyatshelwa kokunye ukubuyekeza). Ngisho nokuguqulwa okulula kakhulu kwale mishini kuyakwazi ukuthola ukungasebenzi kahle kohlelo lukagesi, okubandakanya uhlelo lokuthungela.

Uma isifunda esifushane siwohloka, uphawu lwezimoto luzokhanya. Vele, lesi yisiginali ebanzi kakhulu (lolu phawu kudeshibhodi luyakhanya, ngokwesibonelo, futhi uma kwenzeka lwehluleka uphenyo lwe-lambda), ngakho-ke ungathembeli kulesi sexwayiso sodwa. Nazi ezinye izimpawu ezihambisana nokuqhekeka kwekhoyili:

• Ukuvalwa ngezikhathi ezithile noma okuphelele kwelinye lamasilinda (ukuthi kungani enye imoto ingaphindeka kathathu, kuyatshelwa lapha). Uma ezinye izinjini zikaphethiloli zesimanje ezinomjovo oqondile zifakwe ngohlelo olunjalo (lunqamula ukunikezwa kukaphethiloli kwabanye abajovo ngomthamo omncane weyunithi), izinjini ezijwayelekile zikhombisa ukusebenza okungazinzile kungakhathalekile ukuthi zithwele kangakanani;
• Esimweni sezulu esibandayo futhi esinomswakama ophakeme, imoto ayiqali kahle, noma ayiqali nhlobo (ungasula izintambo zomile bese uzama ukuqala imoto - uma isiza, kuzodingeka ukuthi ushintshe iqoqo leziqhumane ikhebuli);
• Ukucindezela okucijile ku-accelerator kuholela ekuhlulekeni kwenjini (ngaphambi kokushintsha amakhoyili, kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi uhlelo lwamafutha lusebenza kahle);
• Iminonjana yokonakala iyabonakala ezintanjeni eziqhumayo;
• Ebumnyameni, inhlansi encane iyabonakala kudivayisi;
• Injini ilahlekelwe ngamandla ayo (lokhu kungakhombisa nokuwohloka kweyunithi uqobo, isibonelo, ukushiswa kwama-valve).

Ungahlola ukusebenza kwezakhi ngazinye ngokukala ukumelana kwama-windings. Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa idivaysi ejwayelekile - umhloli. Ingxenye ngayinye inebanga layo lokumelana okwamukelekayo. Ukuphambuka okukhulu kukhombisa i-transformer enesici futhi kufanele kufakwe enye.

Lapho kunqunywa ukungasebenzi kwekhoyili, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi eziningi zezimpawu ziyefana ukubangela ukuwohloka kwepulagi. Ngalesi sizathu, udinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zisebenza kahle, bese uqhubeka nokuhlola amakhoyili. Kuchazwa kanjani ukunqamuka kwekhandlela ngokwehlukana.

Ingabe ikhoyili yokushisa ingalungiswa?

Ukulungisa amakhoyili wokushisa ajwayelekile kungenzeka, kepha kuthatha isikhathi esiningi. Ngakho-ke, induna kufanele yazi kahle ukuthi yini okufanele ilungiswe kudivayisi. Uma udinga ukubuyisela emuva i-winding, le nqubo idinga ulwazi olunembile lokuthi kufanele kube yini ingxenye enqamulelayo nezinto ezibonakalayo zezintambo, ukuthi ungazifaka kanjani kahle bese uzilungisa.

Emashumini ambalwa eminyaka edlule, kwakukhona nemihlangano yokufundisana ekhethekile eyayihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezinjalo. Kodwa-ke, namuhla kuyisifiso salabo abathanda ukucubungula ngemoto yabo kunesidingo. Ikhoyili entsha yokushisa (emotweni endala iyodwa) ayibizi kangako njengokonga imali ekuthengeni kwayo.

Ngokuqondene nokuguqulwa kwanamuhla, iningi lazo alikwazi ukuhlukaniswa ukuze lifinyelele kuma-windings. Ngenxa yalokhu, azikwazi ukulungiswa nhlobo. Kepha noma ngabe ukulungiswa kwekhwalithi enjalo kusezingeni eliphakeme kangakanani, akunakubeka esikhundleni somhlangano wefektri.

Ungazifaka ikhoyili entsha uma idivaysi yohlelo lokuthungela ivumela ubuncane bomsebenzi wokudiliza lokhu. Kunoma ikuphi, uma kunokungaqiniseki mayelana nokufakwa esikhundleni sekhwalithi, kungcono ukubeka umsebenzi enkosini. Le nqubo ngeke ibize, kepha kuzoba nokuzethemba ukuthi yenziwa kahle.

Nayi ividiyo emfushane yokuthi ungathola kanjani ngokuzimela ukungasebenzi kwamakhoyili ngamanye:

Ungayibala kanjani ikhoyili yokuthungela engalungile

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Hlobo luni lwamakhoyili okuthungela akhona? Kunamakhoyili avamile (elilodwa lawo wonke amakhandlela), ngalinye (elilodwa ekhandlelani ngalinye, afakwe ezintini zamakhandlela) futhi aphindwe kabili (elilodwa emakhandlela amabili).

Yini engaphakathi kwekhoyili yokuthungela? Kuyi-transformer encane enamawindi amabili. Ngaphakathi kukhona umgogodla wensimbi. Konke lokhu kufakwe endlini ye-dielectric.

Ayini amakhoyili okuthungela emotweni? Kuyingxenye yesistimu yokuthungela eguqula amandla kagesi aphansi abe amandla kagesi aphezulu (i-high voltage pulse lapho i-low voltage winding inqanyulwa).