Iyini ikhompyutha ekubhodi futhi kungani iyadingeka?

Ukuphepha, ukuguquguquka kwamandla, ukusebenza kahle, induduzo, ubungane bemvelo. Lapho besungula izinhlobo zezimoto ezintsha, abakhiqizi bezimoto balwela ukuletha imikhiqizo yabo ibhalansi efanelekile yazo zonke lezi zinhlaka. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ezinenjini encane, kepha amandla amakhulu avela emakethe yezimoto (isibonelo semoto enjalo yi-Ecoboost evela kwaFord, echazwe ngokwehlukana).

Yonke le mingcele ayikwazi ukulawulwa ngamadivayisi wemishini. Ngokuqondile, imingcele yemoto ishintshwa yi-elekthronikhi. Ukulawula ukuguqukela kuzindlela ezahlukahlukene zokusebenza, uhlelo ngalunye luthola izinzwa eziningi ze-elekthronikhi. Kusetshenziswa izindlela ezahlukahlukene ukulungisa amayunithi nezinhlelo kumodi oyifunayo.

Zonke lezi zinqubo nezinhlelo zilawulwa futhi zilungiswe ngento kagesi ebizwa nge-on-board computer (onborder noma carputer). Ake sicabangele ukuthi yini into eyingqayizivele yedivayisi enjalo, ukuthi isebenza kumuphi umgomo, ukuthi ungayikhetha kanjani i-bortovik yemoto yakho.

Yini ikhompyutha ebhodini

Ikhompyutha ebhodini iyithuluzi elenziwa nge-elekhtronikhi elakhiwe ngomthetho we-PC yasekhaya. Le divayisi ikuvumela ukuthi uhlanganise imishini ehlukene engasetshenziswa emotweni. Lolu hlu lubandakanya uhlelo lokuzulazula, ne-multimedia complex, nama-parktonics, ne-ECU enkulu, njll.

Namuhla kunezinhlobonhlobo zezakhi ezinjalo, kepha zizosebenza ngokuya ngomgomo ofanayo. Ngaphezu kokulawula amasistimu enduduzo nokuphepha, imingcele yanamuhla ikuvumela ukuthi ubheke isimo semoto. Zonke izinzwa ezisezinhlelweni nasemayunithi omshini zidlulisela imininingwane yazo kwiyunithi yokulawula, bese kuthi ebhodini ifunde eminye yale mingcele. I-onborder uqobo ayibandakanyeki ekushintsheni izindlela zokusebenza zenjini noma izinhlelo ezithile zemoto. I-ECU ibhekele lo msebenzi. Kepha ngokuhambisana kwalawa madivayisi, umshayeli angakwazi ukucubungula ngokuzimela amanye amapharamitha emoto yakhe.

Iyunithi yokulawulwa kwe-elekthronikhi ithungwa efemini. Isoftware iqoqo lama-algorithms nazo zonke izinhlobo zokuguquguquka okukuvumela ukuthi lithumele imiyalo efanelekile kuma-actuator. Umphathi uxhunywe ku-ECU ngesixhumi sesevisi futhi akavumeli nje kuphela ukuqapha amasistimu ezokuthutha, kepha futhi ulawula izindlela ze-ICE, ukumiswa nokudlulisa ezimotweni ezibiza kakhulu.

Yini edingekayo ku-

Isici sale divayisi ukuba khona kwezinhlobonhlobo zamasethingi nezinketho ezenza kube lula ukuqapha isimo semoto nokwenza imiyalo edingekayo yama-actuator. Ukuze umshayeli axwayiswe kusenesikhathi ngokungasebenzi kahle noma ngokushintshela kwenye imodi, kuvela isignali ehambelanayo esikrinini sekhompyutha. Amanye amamodeli wedivayisi afakwe isimemezelo sezwi.

Umsebenzi omkhulu wekhompyutha ebhodini ukuxilonga imoto. Lapho inzwa iyeka ukusebenza noma inzwa ithola ukungasebenzi ku-unit / system, isignali yokuxwayisa ngephutha ikhanya esikrinini. Amakhodi wephutha agcinwa kwimemori yamakhompyutha wanamuhla. Lapho ukungasebenzi kahle okuthile kwenzeka, i-microprocessor ibona ubunjalo bokubhidlika ngomzuzwana wokwehlukaniswa bese ikhipha isexwayiso esithile ngendlela yekhodi.

Iyunithi ngayinye yokulawula inesixhumi sesevisi lapho ungaxhuma khona imishini yokuxilonga bese unquma ikhodi. Amanye amamodeli akuvumela ukuthi wenze lokho kuxilongwa ekhaya. Ukubuyekezwa okuhlukile kuyabheka isibonelo sokuxilongwa okunjalo. Kwezinye izimo, iphutha lingaba ngumphumela we-glitch encane ye-elekthronikhi. Kaningi, amaphutha anjalo ayenzeka lapho izinzwa ezithile zehluleka. Kwesinye isikhathi kuyenzeka ukuthi ikhompyutha ebhodini ishintshele kwenye imodi yokusebenza ngaphandle kokubika iphutha. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukufeza ukuxilongwa kokuvimbela imishini kagesi ezenzakalelayo.

Imoto yesimanje ingafakwa ngeyunithi yokulawula enezinto zokuxilonga, kepha izimoto ezinjalo ziyabiza. Imoto engaphakathi exhunywe kusixhumi sesevisi yemoto futhi iyakwazi ukwenza ingxenye yokuxilongwa okujwayelekile. Ngosizo lwayo, umnikazi wemoto angaphinde asethe kabusha ikhodi yephutha uma eqiniseka kahle ukuthi iyini inkinga. Intengo yenqubo enjalo esikhungweni sesevisi incike ohlotsheni lwemoto nobunzima bokuxilongwa uqobo. Ukufaka i-BC kuzovumela umnikazi wemoto ukuthi onge imali encane.

Ukuvela kwamakhompyutha asebhodini

Ikhompyutha yokuqala yemoto yavela ngo-1981. Inkampani yaseMelika i-IBM yathuthukisa umshini we-elekthronikhi kamuva owafakwa kwezinye izinhlobo zeBMW. Eminyakeni engu-16 kamuva, iMicrosoft idale i-analogue yedivayisi yokuqala - u-Apollo. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuthuthuka kwamiswa esigabeni sombukiso.

I-serialboard yokuqala yokuqala yavela ngo-2000. Ikhishwe nguTracer (Melika). Ikhompyutha ejwayelekile ithole ukuthandwa ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo ngezinto eziningi, kanye nokonga isikhala ku-centre console yemoto.

Abashayi bezimoto bakhula ngezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko. Eyokuqala imishini yokuxilonga, eyesibili imishini yokuhambisa umzila, kanti eyesithathu yimishini yokulawula. Nazi izici zabo:

1. Ukuxilonga. Le divayisi ikuvumela ukuthi uhlole isimo sazo zonke izinhlelo zomshini. Imishini enjalo isetshenziswa ngabaphathi besiteshi sesevisi. Kubukeka njengekhompyutha ejwayelekile, kuphela ine-software efakwe evumela ukuthi unqume ukuthi i-electronics yemoto isebenza kanjani nokuthi ukufundwa kwezinzwa kuqoshwa kahle yini. Ngosizo lwemishini yesevisi enjalo, ukulungiswa kwe-chip kuyenziwa (mayelana nokuthi yini lokhu, funda ku isihloko esihlukile). Ngokuqondene namakhompyutha weselula ngamunye wokuxilonga, amamodeli anjalo ayivelakancane ngokweqile.
2. Umzila. Uma iziqhumane ezigcwele zavela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yesithathu, ukuguqulwa komzila kwaqala ukuvela phambilini. Izinguquko zokuqala zafakwa ezimotweni zemihlangano emuva ngawo-1970. Kusukela engxenyeni yokuqala yama-1990s, amadivayisi anjalo aqala ukufakwa ezimotweni ezihamba phambili. Lokhu kuguqulwa kwama-bortoviks kuklanyelwe ukubala imingcele yokuhamba komshini futhi kukhonjiswe lezi zimingcele kusibonisi. Intuthuko yokuqala yayiqondiswa kuphela yimingcele ye-chassis (ibanga elihanjiwe laqoshwa ngenxa yejubane lesondo). Ama-analogues anamuhla akuvumela ukuthi uxhume i-Intanethi noma uxhumane nama-satellite nge-module ye-GPS (kuchazwa umgomo wokusebenza kwamatilosi we-gps lapha). Imingcele enjalo ingakhombisa isikhathi lapho ibanga elithile limboziwe, i-mileage ephelele, uma kukhona imephu, ikhombisa umzila, yini ukusetshenziswa kwemoto ngenkathi ushayela futhi ekugcineni kohambo, isikhathi thatha ukumboza ibanga elithile, neminye imingcele.
3. Umphathi. Lolu hlobo lwekhompyutha luzofakwa kunoma iyiphi imoto ene-injector. Ngaphezu kwe-microprocessor, ehlola amasiginali avela ezinzwa, le divayisi iphinde ixhunywe kwezinye izindlela ezivumela ukuguqula izindlela zokusebenza zezinhlelo namayunithi. I-ECU iyakwazi ukushintsha isikhathi nevolumu yokunikezwa kukaphethiloli kuya kumasilinda, inani lomoya ongenayo, isikhathi se-valve neminye imingcele. Futhi, ikhompyutha enjalo iyakwazi ukulawula uhlelo lokubhaka amabhuleki, amayunithi wokulawula angeziwe (ngokwesibonelo, i-othomathikhi yokuhambisa noma isistimu kaphethiloli), uhlelo lokulawula isimo sezulu, ukubopha okuphuthumayo, ukulawulwa kwe-cruise nezinye izinhlelo. Iyunithi yokulawula eyinhloko ibona ngokushesha imingcele yenjini njengokucindezela kohlelo lokuthambisa, izinga lokushisa ohlelweni lokupholisa nenjini uqobo, inani lezinguquko zecrankshaft, ukushaja ibhethri, njll.

Amakhompyutha esimanje asebhodini angahlanganisa yonke imingcele ebhalwe ngenhla, noma angenziwa njengamadivayisi ahlukene angaxhunywa kusixhumi sesevisi yohlelo lwemoto ye-elektroniki.

Yimiphi imisebenzi eyenzayo

Ngokuya ngokuguqulwa kwedivayisi, i-onborder yenza imisebenzi eminingi ehlukahlukene. Kodwa-ke, noma ngabe imodeli yedivayisi, umsebenzi wayo omkhulu uhlala unamandla okwazisa umshayeli ngokungasebenzi kahle kanye nesimo sazo zonke izinhlelo zemoto. Umphathi onjalo angaqapha ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, izinga likawoyela enjini nasekudluliseni, aqaphe amandla kagesi kuhlelo lokugibela, njll.

Abashayeli abaningi banesiqiniseko sokuthi kungenzeka ukushayela imoto ngaphandle kwayo yonke le datha. Izinga likawoyela lihlolwe kusetshenziswa idipstick, izinga lokushisa kohlelo lokupholisa lukhonjiswa umcibisholo ohambisanayo kudeshibhodi, futhi kufakwa umshini wokubonisa izinga lejubane ukucacisa isivinini (ukuthi isebenza kanjani ichaziwe lapha). Ngalesi sizathu, abaningi banesiqiniseko sokuthi i-BC iyisifiso sabalandeli bazo zonke izinhlobo zamabhanisi kagesi kunesidingo.

Kodwa-ke, uma ungena ujule kulolu daba, izinkomba ezijwayelekile kudeshibhodi azihlali zikhombisa isimo sangempela semoto. Isibonelo, umcibisholo wokushisa opholile kungenzeka ungakhombi inombolo, kepha ukhombe esikalini. Liyini izinga lokushisa langempela ohlelweni okuhlala kuyimfihlakalo. I-Electronics ilungisa le mingcele ngokunembe kakhudlwana. Unephutha elincane. Esinye isimo - umshayeli ufaka amashuni wokuhlenga ngobubanzi obukhuphukile. Kulokhu, umshini wokubonisa izinga lejubane kanye ne-odometer awunakulungiswa kabusha ngosayizi wesondo oshintshiwe.

Futhi, lapho ukhaphethi exhunywe ohlelweni lokugibela, ukuhlolwa kwezimpawu ezibalulekile zomshini kwenziwa lula kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, umshayeli akadingi ukuchitha isikhathi ukudlula imoto ngegeji yengcindezi, ulinganise ingcindezi yesondo, uhlole izinga likawoyela enjinini noma kugearbox nge-dipstick, ulawule ivolumu yamabhuleki nesipholisi, njll. Udinga nje ukuvula ukuthungela, futhi uhlelo olukubhodi luzokwenza konke lokhu okukhohlisayo ngemizuzwana nje. Vele, inani lamapharamitha ahloliwe lincike ekutholakaleni kwezinzwa ezithile.

Ngaphezu kokukhombisa imininingwane ngemoto uqobo lwayo, amasistimu wemultimedia ahlanganisiwe kumakhompiyutha anamuhla, ngenxa yokuthi iyiphi idivayisi engalawula ukusebenza kwamayunithi, ivule umculo, ibuke i-movie noma izithombe. Ezimweni zezimoto noma endaweni yokupaka izimoto, lezi zinketho zizosiza ukudlulisa isikhathi.

Ngaphezu kokukhethwa kukho kokuzijabulisa, i-BC ingaba nemisebenzi elandelayo:

• Ngaphezu kwesaziso esibukwayo, umshayeli angasetha umlayezo wezwi mayelana nemingcele edingekayo;
• Ukuxilongwa okwakhelwe ngaphakathi kohlelo olukubhodi akuvumeli nje kuphela ukuthola ngenkinga ngesikhathi esifanele, kodwa futhi nokuthola ngokushesha ukuthi yini inkinga, ngaphandle kokuya ekuhloleni ikhompyutha;
• Okokhelekayo eziteshini zokugcwalisa kungaba ngekhwalithi ehlukile, ikhompyutha ingabika ukungalandelwa kwamazinga abekelwe uphiko oluthile lwamandla. Lokhu kuzovimbela ukwehluleka ngaphambi kwesikhathi kohlelo lukaphethiloli noma ngokuzayo ukugwema ukufaka uphethiloli osezingeni eliphansi;
• Ngaphezu kokufundwa kwe-odometer, idivayisi iqopha ngokuzenzakalela uhambo (mileage yansuku zonke). Ngokuya ngemodeli yedivayisi, lolu hambo lungaba nezindlela eziningana, ukuze umshayeli akwazi ukukala ibanga lohambo oluhlukile;
• Ingavunyelaniswa ne-immobilizer (yehluke kanjani ku-alamu echazwe kuyo okunye ukubuyekeza);
• Iyakwazi ukulawula ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli futhi ibalwe ibhalansi yayo ethangini, isize umshayeli ukuthi akhethe imodi yokushayela ebiza kakhulu;
• Khombisa izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwemoto;
• Uhlelo lokuzula lungaqukatha izibalo zohambo eziningiliziwe. Lolu lwazi lungagcinwa kudivayisi ukuze esikhathini esizayo ukwazi ukuhlela kusengaphambili izindleko zohambo oluzayo (uhlelo olukubhodi lungakhombisa nokuthi iyiphi ingxenye yomgwaqo lapho uzodinga ukuhlela ukufaka uphethiloli);
• Ngaphezu kokuzulazula, izinzwa zokupaka ezinamakhamera zingaxhunywa ku-BC, okuzokwenza kube lula ukupaka ezindaweni zokupaka ezigcwele;
• Khipha ikhodi yamakhodi wephutha atholwe yi-ECU.

Vele, lezi nezinye izici kungenzeka zingatholakali kwi-overboard. Ngalesi sizathu, lapho uya esitolo, okokuqala udinga ukunquma ukuthi uhlela ukuthenga ikhompyutha ngasiphi injongo.

Omunye wemibuzo ejwayelekile maqondana nokusetshenziswa kwe-bortoviks ukuthi bakhipha ibhethri malini. Lapho imoto isebenza, idivayisi ithola amandla avela ku-generator. Lapho injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ingasebenzi, imishini nayo ingaqhubeka nokusebenza, kepha kulokhu isebenzisa amandla amancane (uma icishiwe ngokuphelele, ingaphansi kwe-alamu). Kuliqiniso, lapho umshayeli evula umculo, ibhethri lizokhishwa ngokuya ngamandla okulungiselela umsindo.

Iwusizo kangakanani ikhompuyutha engaphakathi?

Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi iyunithi efanayo yamandla ingadla amanani ahluke ngokuphelele kaphethiloli ezimeni ezihlukene zokusebenza. Isibonelo, uma imoto imile futhi i-A/C ivuliwe, izoshisa uphethiloli owengeziwe uma kuqhathaniswa nesimo esifanayo lapho i-A/C icishiwe.

Uma udlula imoto engaphambili, ukusetshenziswa kwejubane eliphansi kuzohluka ekusetshenzisweni ngesivinini esikhulu. Uma imoto yehla, ukumane uyidedele igas pedal kuzokonga kakhulu uma usuka ku-neutral bese ubhuleka nge-brake pedal.

Lokhu kucacela iningi labashayeli. Kodwa nansi umbuzo ophakamayo: ukuthi umehluko uzoba mkhulu kangakanani ekusetshenzisweni esimweni ngasinye. Ngisho nezenzo ezincane ezenziwa umshayeli zingaba nomthelela ekutheni injini ishisa uphethiloli ongakanani. Yiqiniso, ezimweni eziningi lokhu akubonakali. Kodwa ulwazi lwalezi zinqubo luzosiza umshayeli ukuba akhethe imodi yokushayela efanelekile kokubili mayelana nokuguquguquka nokusetshenziswa.

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi imoto izoziphatha kanjani ezimweni ezahlukene emotweni evamile, kuyadingeka ukwenza uchungechunge lwezivivinyo ezizokusiza ukuthi uhambe. Kodwa lezi zivivinyo zisazoqhubeka zingalungile, ngoba akunakwenzeka ukudala ngokuzenzakalelayo zonke izimo imoto engaba kuyo.

Ikhompyutha esebhodini ihlaziya ukuthi imoto izodla malini uma umshayeli eqhubeka nokushayela ngemodi efanayo noma izimo zomgwaqo zingashintshi. Futhi, ngokolwazi lwemonitha, umshayeli uzokwazi ukuthi uphethiloli kaphethiloli noma udizili wanele kangakanani. Ngalolu lwazi, uzokwazi ukunquma ukuthi udinga ukusebenzisa imodi yokonga ukuze afike esiteshini esiseduze sikaphethiloli, noma ukuthi angaqhubeka yini nokushayela njengakuqala.

Amakhompyutha amaningi asebhodini nawo ahlinzeka ngomsebenzi wokuhlaziya isimo sawo wonke amasistimu ezimoto. Ukuze wenze lokhu, idivayisi ixhunywe kusixhumi sesevisi sesistimu ye-on-board yemoto. uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka, i-electronics ingabonisa ngokushesha umlayezo mayelana ne-node eyonakele (amamodeli anjalo ahlelelwe imodeli ethile yemoto).

Ngohlobo lwenhloso, amakhompyutha asebhodini ahlukaniswe amakilasi amabili:

• Ikhompuyutha esebhodini yomhlaba wonke. Idivayisi enjalo, kuye ngemodeli, ingasebenza njenge-navigator, ikhompyutha yohambo, idivayisi ye-multimedia, njll.
• Ikhompuyutha egxile kakhulu ebhodini. Lesi isisetshenziswa esidalelwe inhloso eyodwa kuphela. Isibonelo, kungase kube khona ikhompuyutha yohambo erekhoda ibanga elihanjiwe, ebala ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, njll. Kukhona namakhompyutha okuxilonga ahlaziya ukusebenza kwazo zonke izinhlelo zezimoto futhi ahlukanise amaphutha eyunithi yokulawula.

Iningi labashayeli bathenga amakhompuyutha asebenza emhlabeni wonke. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imodeli yamakhompiyutha asebhodini, wonke asetshenziswa kuphela ezimotweni zokujova. Isizathu siwukuthi imodeli ye-carburetor ayinayo iyunithi yokulawula, ngoba inezinzwa ezimbalwa ezidinga ukugadwa.

Uma ufuna ukuthenga ikhompyutha ebhodini ezosebenza kuphela njengedivaysi ye-multimedia, khona-ke ngale njongo ungacabangela enye yezinketho zomsakazo ezifanele (phakathi kwazo ungathola ngisho namamodeli ane-navigator, i-DVR neminye imisebenzi ewusizo. ), ukuze ungathengi idivayisi, iningi labo imisebenzi engeke isetshenziswe.

Imvamisa, amakhompiyutha emoto afakwe ebhodini ane-monitor engu-7-15-intshi. Ingazwela ukuthintwa noma ifakwe izinkinobho zokuzulazula. Ayikho imithetho yokuthi le divayisi kufanele ibe yini. Ngakho-ke, abakhiqizi ngokwabo banquma ukuthi yikuphi ukusebenza nobukhulu obuzoba kudivayisi.

Uma lokhu kuyidivayisi yendawo yonke, khona-ke ngesistimu ye-multimedia (ivame ukuba khona kumakhompyutha anjalo), umenzi uyihlomisa nge-slot yememori khadi / i-flash drive noma idrayivu yokugcina eyakhelwe ngaphakathi.

Izinhlobo zamakhompyutha asebhodini

Onke amakhompyutha asebhodini afakwe ezimotweni ahlukaniswe ngezigaba eziningana. Zihlukile komunye nomunye emisebenzini yazo, kanye nangenhloso yazo. Sekukonke, kungabonakala izinhlobo ezine ze-BC:

1. Okuvamile;
2. Umzila;
3. Insiza;
4. Umphathi.

Ake sicabangele ukuthi yini eyingqayizivele ngayinye yazo.

Универсальный

Ikhompyutha yomhlaba wonke esebhodini ihlukaniswa ngokuhlukahluka kwayo. Ngokuyinhloko, ama-BCs anjalo yimishini engajwayelekile yemoto, ethengwa ngokwehlukana. Ukuze idivayisi ikwazi ukuthola imingcele ehlukene yemoto, kufanele ixhunywe kusixhumi sesevisi yemoto.

Ngokuya ngemodeli yekhompyutha, ilawulwa ngezinkinobho ezibonakalayo esikrinini sokuthinta (kumamodeli amadala, kungaba nezinkinobho ze-analog), noma ngerimothi.

Nazi ezinye zezinto amakhompyutha anjalo angaba nazo:

• Ukuqoshwa kwe-GPS;
• Imultimedia (umsakazo, umculo, ividiyo);
• Ukuboniswa kweminye imingcele phakathi kohambo (ngokwesibonelo, imileage, uphethiloli osele, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, njll.);
• Amandla okwenza ukuxilongwa kwangaphakathi kwezinye izinhlelo zemoto (ukumiswa kwamakhodi wamaphutha);
• Ukuphathwa kokusebenza kwemishini ethile eyengeziwe, isibonelo, izinzwa zokupaka, amakhamera wokubuka emuva, ama-video recorder, njll.

Umzila

Amakhompyutha ohambo anokusebenza okuncane kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nohlobo lwangaphambilini lwe-BC. Zingaba ezijwayelekile noma ezengeziwe (ezifakwe kuleyo mishini engahlonyisiwe nazo ezivela efektri). Umsebenzi omkhulu wekhompyutha enjalo ukurekhoda izinkomba ngesikhathi sohambo bese uzibonisa esikrinini.

Lolu ulwazi mayelana:

• Isivinini;
• Ukusetshenziswa kwephethiloli;
• Ukwakha umzila (GPS-navigator);
• Isikhathi sohambo, njll.

Insiza

Njengoba igama lalesi sigaba liphakamisa, lawa makhompyutha enzelwe ukuxilonga izinhlelo zezimoto. Lawa makhompyutha abizwa nangokuthi amakhompyutha wokuxilonga. Amamodeli angajwayelekile ajwayelekile ngokweqile, ngoba ngalinye lawo lilungiselelwe ukuxilonga imoto ethile.

Nayi imisebenzi ikhompyutha engayenza:

• Gada isimo semoto;
• Thola izinga nesimo soketshezi lobuchwepheshe nolokuthambisa;
• Gada ukushaja ibhethri;
• Thola ukuthi amaphedi wamabhuleki agugile kangakanani, kanye nesimo se-brake fluid.

Akuwona wonke amadivayisi okwazi ukubonisa ukuqaqanjelwa kwamaphutha esibukweni, kepha idatha kuwo wonke amaphutha igcinwa kwimemori ye-BC, futhi ingatholwa kusetshenziswa imishini yesevisi ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa kwekhompyutha esikhungweni sesevisi.

Umphathi

Amakhompyutha wokulawula anzima kakhulu ngokuya ngokusebenza kwawo. Zisetshenziswa ezimotweni zomjovo nakudizili. Iyunithi ivumelaniswe nokusebenza kohlelo lokulawula lwayo yonke imoto (ECU).

Izinhlelo ezilandelayo zingalawulwa yikhompyutha enjalo:

1. Lungisa ukuthungela;
2. Nquma isimo sabajovo;
3. Ukulungiswa kokudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo;
4. Shintsha izindlela zokusebenza zezimoto (ezemidlalo, ezomnotho, njll.);
5. Lungisa ukulawulwa kwesimo sezulu;
6. Qopha isidingo sokugcinwa, njll.

Amapharamitha wekhompyutha ebhodini

Ngaphezu kwakho konke, abashayeli basebenzisa imisebenzi ye-multimedia ne-routing ye-BC. Ngokuqondene nokulungiswa komzila, itilogi lisetshenziswa kakhulu kuzo. Kodwa-ke, amakhompyutha amaningi eza nephakethe elikhudlwana lezinketho. Izinhlobo eziningi azikwazi ukubonisa imiphumela yohambo kuphela, kodwa futhi nokuqapha imingcele yemoto ku-dynamics. Ngokuya ngalolu lwazi (uma ngabe lolu hlobo lwenkumbulo lukhona), uhlelo lokubhoda lungabala kusengaphambili inani likaphethiloli nokuthi kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani ukumaka ibanga elifanayo.

Yize imingcele eyinhloko yemoto ifundwa yiyunithi yokulawula, ikhompyutha esebhodini ingalungiselelwa imishini engajwayelekile. Lapho ixhuma enye inzwa, i-ECU ingabheka lokhu njengephutha, kepha uma ivumelaniswa ne-BC, uhlelo lungalungiswa ngemishini engajwayelekile.

Amakhompyutha amahle kakhulu ebhodini wezimoto

Phakathi kwamakhompiyutha anhlobonhlobo wezimoto, izinhlobo zezinto eziningi zithandwa. Zingaba zangaphandle (zifakwe ngaphezulu kwedeshibhodi noma ku-windshield zisebenzisa izinkomishi zokudonsa) noma ezingasusi (ezifakwe kumodyuli yomsakazo).

Ngayinye yalezi zinhlobo inezinzuzo nezinkinga. Ubuhle bokuguqulwa okukude ukuthi ngenkathi imoto imile, idivayisi ingasuswa futhi ihanjiswe nawe. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinkomishi zokudonsa entabeni zingase zibe sezingeni eliphansi, ngakho-ke, lapho kunyakaziswa ngamandla, le divayisi ingawa. Izinketho ezihleliwe zilungiswa ngokuqinile - zifakiwe esikhundleni serekhoda yomsakazo. Okubi ukuthi le divayisi iyabonakala kukhonsoli, ngakho-ke, uma upaka isikhathi eside endaweni yokupaka engagadiwe, ikhompyutha enjalo ingaba yisizathu sokugenca imoto.

Lapho uthatha isinqumo ngokuguqulwa kwekhompyutha ebhodini, kubalulekile ukucabangela lezi zinto ezilandelayo:

• Imodeli ngayinye ithungelwe uhlu oluthile lwamaphrothokholi (umthetho olandelwayo iqoqo lama-algorithms asetshenziswa yiyunithi eyodwa yokulawula i-elekthronikhi). Lapho uthenga idivayisi kuzingxenyekazi zaseChina, udinga ukuthola ukuthi iziphi izivumelwano idivaysi ehambelana nazo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ikhompyutha izosebenza njenge-multimedia complex kanye ne-navigator.
• Yize amamodeli angenakususwa enezilinganiso ezijwayelekile ze-DIN, akuyona yonke imoto ene-center console ekuvumela ukuthi ufake idivayisi enkulu - uzodinga ukuthola ukuthi ungayifaka kanjani ngokwakho.
• Lapho ukhetha imodeli enokwaziswa ngezwi, udinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi idivayisi inephakheji yolimi edingekayo.
• Akwanele ukukhetha okokusebenza ngokuya ngemodeli yemoto kuphela. Kungcono ukuhamba nge-firmware ye-ECU, ngoba imodeli efanayo yemoto ingahluka ngaphandle, futhi ngaphansi kwe-hood kungaba khona neyunithi ehlukile noma uhlelo olushintshiwe.
• Ngaphambi kokuthenga idivayisi, kufanele ufunde ukubuyekezwa kwamakhasimende.
• Uma kungekho okuhlangenwe nakho ekusebenzeni nogesi osebenza ngokuzenzekelayo, kungcono ukubeka ukufakwa kochwepheshe.

Ake sicabangele izici zamamodeli aphezulu wama-overboards avela ku-Multitronics.

Ikhompyutha yohambo iMultitronics VC731

Lo carputer ungowesigaba sokulungiswa kwemizila. Inamathele efasiteleni langaphambili nezinkomishi zokudonsa. Idivayisi ifakwe isibonisi esingu-2.4-intshi. Ngaphezu kokuboniswa esikrinini, umshayeli angathola izexwayiso zezwi.

Isoftware iyabuyekezwa lapho ingena kwi-inthanethi. Ungaqala kabusha isoftware ngesixhumi se-mini-USB. Le modeli isekela ukurekhoda izilungiselelo ze-PC njengefayela elihlukile, elingagcinwa kukhompyutha yakho yasekhaya. Le nketho ikuvumela ukuthi ulinganise idivayisi ngamapharamitha wemoto ethile.

Uma uxhunywe emotweni efanayo, lezi zilungiselelo zikuvumela ukuthi wenze ukuxilongwa okuncane kwenye imoto. Uma abanikazi bezimoto ezifanayo benophephethi ofanayo, khona-ke ifayela lokumisa elirekhodiwe lingadluliselwa kubo ukuze lingasusi imishini yabo.

Ngemuva kohambo, umsizi wezwi angabika ubukhulu noma amalambu angacishiwe. Esibonisweni, eminye imininingwane ngohambo ingakhonjiswa ngendlela yegrafu. Imishini ifakwe inkumbulo yemizila engama-20 kanye nenombolo efanayo yokufaka uphethiloli.

Imingcele ye-multitronics VC731:

Inketho:	Ukutholakala:	Incazelo Yomsebenzi:
Isibonisi sombala	+	Ukulungiswa kwesikrini 320 * 240. Isebenza ezingeni lokushisa elingu -20 degrees. 4 imibala yangemuva.
Ukuxhaswa kweprotocol	+	Inikeza amandla okwenza ukuxilongwa ngokuya ngamaphrothokholi ahleliwe amamodeli athile. Uma kungekho ukuguqulwa okufanele kuhlu, khona-ke inketho yokuxilonga ingasetshenziswa ngokususelwa kwinzwa yejubane nesilinganiso sokugeleza kwe-injector.
Isixhumi sesevisi	+	Mhlawumbe hhayi kuzo zonke izimoto.
Ukuxhumeka kwezinzwa zokupaka	+	Ngaphambili nangemuva (umenzi uncoma ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo yakhe, isibonelo, iMultitronics PU-4TC).
Isimemezelo sezwi	+	Umsizi uhlelwe ukukhiqiza kabusha amanani edijithali namaphutha angama-21 noma ukuphambuka kuzilungiselelo. Lapho iphutha livela, i-BC ngeke nje ikhulume inani layo ledijithali, kodwa futhi izobhala ikhodi.
Ukulandela ngomkhondo ikhwalithi ye-Fuel	+	Uhlelo luqopha ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kanye nekhwalithi (kusuka kwizinga elihleliwe). Lapho ushintsha amapharamitha, umshayeli uzothola isaziso sezwi.
Umnotho we-Fuel	+	Ibala inani likaphethiloli osele futhi isiza umshayeli ukuthi akhethe imodi efanelekile ngaphambi kokufaka uphethiloli olandelayo. Ngokubheka imininingwane yokusetshenziswa kwamanje nebanga elisele, uhlelo luzokhombisa ukuthi kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi imoto ifike lapho iya khona nokuthi kuzodingeka uphethiloli ongakanani kulokhu.
Izici eziyizintandokazi	+	Izinkinobho zemenyu eshisayo zibiza ngokushesha into oyifunayo ngaphandle kokuyifunisisa kumenyu.

Intengo yedivayisi enjalo iqala ku- $ 150.

Ikhompyutha ye-Universal Multitronics CL-500

Le modeli ingeyesigaba samakhompyutha akhona yonke imoto. Imodeli isekela izivumelwano zamaphutha zesimanje eziningi zezinhlobo eziningi zezimoto. Ngokungafani nenguqulo yangaphambilini, le divayisi ifakiwe ku-niche yomsakazo (usayizi we-DIN1).

Idivayisi isekela ukudluliswa kokuhlelwa ngefayela elihlukile elingadluliselwa kwikhompyutha yakho yasekhaya. Uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka noma amaphutha ekucushweni kohlelo, ungahlala wenza ibhekhaphu futhi ubuyisele izilungiselelo zangempela. Okuwukuphela kwento ebuyayo ukuthi le divayisi ayinayo i-synthesizer yokukhuluma (izaziso zidlalwa nge-buzzer eyakhelwe ngaphakathi).

Imingcele ye-Overboard Multitronics CL-500:

Inketho:	Ukutholakala:	Incazelo Yomsebenzi:
Isibonisi se-TFT	+	Ukulungiswa kwesikrini 320 * 240.
Ukuxhaswa kweprotocol	+	Inikeza amandla okwenza ukuxilongwa ngokuya ngamaphrothokholi ahleliwe amamodeli athile. Uma kungekho ukuguqulwa okufanele kuhlu, khona-ke inketho yokuxilonga ingasetshenziswa ngokususelwa kwinzwa yejubane futhi lapho ixhunywe kuma-injectors.
Isixhumi sesevisi	+	Hhayi kuzo zonke izimoto.
Ixhuma kwi-laptop	+	Nge-mini-USB.
Ukuxhumeka kwezinzwa zokupaka	+	Ngaphambili nangemuva (umenzi uncoma ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo yakhe, isibonelo, iMultitronics PU-4TC).
Ukuvuselelwa kwe-inthanethi	+	Isibuyekezo senziwa lapho idivayisi ehambisanayo ixhunywe ngesixhumi se-mini-USB.
Ukulandela ngomkhondo ikhwalithi ye-Fuel	+	Uhlelo luqopha ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kanye nekhwalithi (kusuka kwizinga elihleliwe). Lapho ushintsha amapharamitha, umshayeli uzothola isaziso sezwi. Le modeli isebenza ne-HBO.
Umnotho we-Fuel	+	Ibala inani likaphethiloli osele futhi isiza umshayeli ukuthi akhethe imodi efanelekile ngaphambi kokufaka uphethiloli olandelayo. Ngokubheka imininingwane yokusetshenziswa kwamanje nebanga elisele, uhlelo luzokhombisa ukuthi kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi imoto ifike lapho iya khona nokuthi kuzodingeka uphethiloli ongakanani kulokhu.
Izici eziyizintandokazi	+	Izinkinobho zemenyu eshisayo zibiza ngokushesha into oyifunayo ngaphandle kokuyifunisisa kumenyu.

Izindleko zalesi simodeli ziqala ku- $ 115.

Ukuhamba ngokuzenzakalela ikhompyutha iMultitronics VC730

Le modeli ingenye ye-analog VC731. Ngokungafani neyandulelayo, le khompyutha ayinayo i-synthesizer yokukhuluma (ayiphimisi amaphutha), uhlu lwezivumelwano lincane kakhulu futhi imodeli igxile kuphela ezimotweni ezidumile ku-CIS. Uhlu lwemikhiqizo okuhambisana nalokhu okweqile kubandakanya: amamodeli womkhiqizo wasekhaya, iNissan, Chevrolet, BYD, SsangYong, Daewoo, Renault, Cherry, Hyundai.

Imingcele ye-multitronics VC730:

Inketho:	Ukutholakala:	Incazelo Yomsebenzi:
Isibonisi sombala	+	Ukulungiswa kwesikrini 320 * 240. Ibanga lokushisa elisebenzayo liqala kusuka -20 degrees.
Ukuxhaswa kweprotocol	+	Inikeza amandla okwenza ukuxilongwa ngokuya ngamaphrothokholi ahleliwe amamodeli athile. Uma kungekho ukuguqulwa okufanele kuhlu, khona-ke inketho yokuxilonga ingasetshenziswa ngokususelwa kwinzwa yejubane futhi lapho ixhunywe kuma-injectors.
Isixhumi sesevisi	+	Hhayi kuzo zonke izimoto.
Ixhuma kwi-laptop	+	Nge-mini-USB.
Ukuxhumeka kwezinzwa zokupaka	+	Ngaphambili nangemuva (umenzi uncoma ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo yakhe, isibonelo, iMultitronics PU-4TC).
Ukuvuselelwa kwe-inthanethi	+	Isibuyekezo senziwa lapho idivayisi ehambisanayo ixhunywe ngesixhumi se-mini-USB.
Ukulandela ngomkhondo ikhwalithi ye-Fuel	+	Uhlelo luqopha ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kanye nekhwalithi (kusuka kwizinga elihleliwe). Lapho ushintsha amapharamitha, umshayeli uzothola isaziso sezwi. Le modeli isebenza ne-HBO.
Umnotho we-Fuel	+	Ibala inani likaphethiloli osele futhi isiza umshayeli ukuthi akhethe imodi efanelekile ngaphambi kokufaka uphethiloli olandelayo. Ngokubheka imininingwane yokusetshenziswa kwamanje nebanga elisele, uhlelo luzokhombisa ukuthi kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi imoto ifike lapho iya khona nokuthi kuzodingeka uphethiloli ongakanani kulokhu.
Izici eziyizintandokazi	+	Izinkinobho zemenyu eshisayo zibiza ngokushesha into oyifunayo ngaphandle kokuyifunisisa kumenyu.

Izinzuzo zale modeli zifaka amandla wokulinganisa i-LPG. Le divayisi ingaxhunywa ku-valve kaphethiloli / igesi yokusika i-solenoid valve. Ngenxa yalokhu, le divayisi izimela ngokuzimela ukuthi imaphi amafutha asetshenziswayo futhi ibala izindlela ezicabangela izici zikaphethiloli othile.

Izindleko zezinto ezintsha zohlobo lomzila ziqala ku- $ 120.

Ungacubungula kanjani ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli

Ukuze ikhompiyutha ikwazi ukwenza izibalo ezihlukahlukene zezinkomba zokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, kufanele ixhunywe kusixhumi sokuxilonga (imodeli evamile izohlanganiswa nesistimu ye-on-board yemoto). uma idivayisi ixhumeke kahle futhi isebenza kahle, izodlulisela idatha enembe ngokufanele mayelana nemayela nokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli.

Izinga lokugeleza linqunywa imvamisa kanye nesikhawu sokuvuleka kwawo wonke ama-nozzles esewonke. Njengoba kuthatha isikhathi, kulinganiswa ngama-microsecond, ukuze umlomo wombhobho uvule/uvale, ukusebenza kwawo kufanele kurekhodwe ngomshini kagesi. Ukuphuma kwe-nozzle nakho kubalulekile ekunembeni kwezinga lokugeleza.

Ngokusekelwe kule mingcele, ngesivinini semoto, kanye nokusebenza kwepompo likaphethiloli kanye nekhwalithi yesihlungi sikaphethiloli, ikhompuyutha esebhodini ibala isilinganiso kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamanje. Ukuze unqume ukuthi imoto ingahamba ibanga elingakanani, i-computer esebhodini kumelwe futhi ithole ulwazi mayelana nezinga likaphethiloli ethangini legesi.

Izibalo ezifanayo zenzelwe ukudluliswa nokusetshenziswa kukawoyela wenjini. Uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka ohlelweni oluthile lwemoto oluthinta ukunqunywa kwale datha, ikhompuyutha ingase iqhubeke nokunikeza inani elisetshenziswayo, kodwa ngeke lilunge. Njengoba idivayisi ihlelelwe amapharamitha emoto ethile, ngisho noma efakwe amasondo angajwayelekile, lokhu kungase kuthinte ukunemba kwezibalo zokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli.

Ungayisetha kanjani kabusha ikhompyutha esemgwaqweni yemoto

Ukusetha kabusha ikhompyutha ebhodini kusho ukusetha kabusha wonke amaphutha aqoshwa yidivayisi. Le nqubo ilungisa ukusebenza kwekhompyutha ebhodini. Ukuze ukwenze, asikho isidingo sokuthenga okokusebenza okubizayo.

Kwanele ukunqamula "-" ukuphela ebhetri bese ulinda cishe imizuzu emihlanu. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukuphela kuhlala kubhethri futhi. Ngemuva kokuxhumeka, ikhompyutha eku-board iqoqa kabusha idatha yamanje ngesimo semoto.

Ukwenza imininingwane iboniswe ngokunembe kakhudlwana, ungagibela ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene. Ngenxa yalokhu, idivayisi izosebenza kahle.

Bukela ukubuyekezwa kwamavidiyo kumakhompyutha asebhodini

Naka isibuyekezo esikuMultitronics VC731, nokuthi ixhuma kanjani ohlelweni lwemoto olukubhodi:

Ukubuyekezwa nokufakwa kwekhompyutha esebhodini iMultitronics VC731 kumdlalo we-sang action ezemidlalo

Nakhu ukuthi ungaxhuma kanjani iMultitronics CL-500:

Ukuxhuma imoto ebhodini lekhompyutha BK multitronics

Ekuphetheni, sinikeza ukubuyekezwa okufushane kwevidiyo kokuthi ungakhetha kanjani ukhaphethi ofanele:

Iyini ikhompyutha yohambo nokuthi ungayikhetha kanjani efanele?

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Iyini ikhompyutha ekubhodi? Ikhompyutha ebhodini iyinkimbinkimbi ye-elektroniki, inhloso yayo ukucacisa amapharamitha ahlukile wezinhlelo ezahlukahlukene zezimoto nokulungisa ukusebenza kwazo. Kunamakhompyutha ohambo ajwayelekile (efektri) nalawo ajwayelekile (afakwe ngokwahlukile).

Yini ekhonjiswa yikhompyutha ebhodini? Imisebenzi yekhompyutha esebhodini incike kuphakheji yezinketho lapho imoto ifakwe khona. Ngokuya ngalokhu, isikrini sekhompyutha esikwi-board singabonisa imininingwane ngokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, ibhalansi yokugcina, ibanga elinophethiloli owanele. Futhi, isikrini singabonisa ileveli ye-electrolyte ebhetri, ukukhokhiswa kwayo namandla kagesi kunethiwekhi ekubhodi. Umshini ungakhombisa namaphutha ahlukahlukene, ukonakala, ijubane eliqondile lemoto, njll.

Ngabe ikhompyutha ebhodini ibala kanjani ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli? Ngokuya ngemodeli yedivayisi, ukusetshenziswa kwephethiloli kubalwa ngokususelwa kunzwa yokuhamba komoya, i-odometer ne-throttle sensor (inquma isikhundla sayo). Le datha ithunyelwa ku-microprocessor, lapho i-algorithm yefektri ibangelwa khona, futhi inani elithile likhishwa. Kwezinye izinhlobo zemoto, ikhompyutha isebenzisa idatha eseyenziwe ngomumo eyithola enjinini ye-ECU. Umenzi wemoto ngamunye usebenzisa indlela yakhe yokunquma ipharamitha yokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli. Njengoba ikhompyutha ngayinye inephutha layo ekubaleni idatha, khona-ke iphutha ekubalweni lizohluka.