Ungahlola kanjani i-generator yemoto?

Uhlelo oluzimele lwemoto lunikwe amandla yizinhlobo ezimbili zamandla. Enye yazo amandla kagesi avela lapho kusebenza izinto ezahlukahlukene kanye nemihlangano. Isibonelo, enjinini yomlilo yangaphakathi ngenxa yokuqhuma okuncane, ukwethuka kwenzeka, kubeka iqembu lonke lezindlela - induku yokuxhuma, ukusabalalisa igesi, njll.

Uhlobo lwesibili lwamandla, ngenxa yokuthi izingxenye ezahlukahlukene zemoto zisebenza, ugesi. Ibhethri liwumthombo wamandla njalo emotweni. Kodwa-ke, le nto ayikwazi ukunikeza amandla isikhathi eside. Isibonelo, inhlansi ngayinye ku-plug plug idinga umfutho kagesi, okokuqala kusuka kunzwa ye-crankshaft bese kudlula ikhoyili yokushisa eya kumsabalalisi.

Abasebenzisi bamandla abehlukene emotweni

Ukuze imoto ihambe amakhilomitha angaphezu kwenkulungwane ngaphandle kwesidingo sokushaja kabusha ibhethri, imishini yayo ifaka i-generator. Ikhiqiza ugesi kunethiwekhi yemoto ebhodini. Ngenxa yalokhu, ibhethri aligcini kuphela ukushaja kwalo ukuqala imoto, kepha liphinde ligcwalise kabusha endleleni. Le nto ithathwa njengengxenye ezinzile, kepha ngezikhathi ezithile nayo iyawohloka.

Idivayisi ye-generator

Ngaphambi kokubheka izinketho ezahlukahlukene zokuhlola i-generator, udinga ukuqonda idivaysi yayo. Lo mshini uqhutshwa ngebhande lokushayela kusuka ku-crankshaft pulley.

Idivayisi ye-generator imi ngale ndlela elandelayo:

• I-pulley yokuxhuma ixhuma idivaysi emotweni;
• Rotor. Ixhunywe ku-pulley futhi ijikeleza njalo ngenkathi umshini usebenza. Ingxenye ene-winding ngayinye emgodini wayo kukhona amasongo okushelela;
• Ingxenye engaguquki ene-winding ngayinye - i-stator. Lapho i-rotor ijikeleza, i-stator winding ikhiqiza ugesi;
• Ama-diode amaningana, athunyelwe ebhulohweni elilodwa, eliqukethe amapuleti amabili. Le nto iguqula ukushintshana kwamanje kube okuqondile kwamanje;
• Isilawuli se-Voltage kanye ne-brush element. Le ngxenye inikeza ukuhlinzekwa kukagesi okushelelayo kunethiwekhi ekubhodi (ngaphandle kwama-surges futhi ngokuya ngenani labathengi abasebenzayo);
• Umzimba - izembozo zokuvikela nokwakhiwa kwensimbi okuyize ngemigodi yokungenisa umoya;
• Bear for kushaft ukujikeleza lula.

Ngenkathi i-Rotor izungeza, kunensimu kazibuthe phakathi kwayo ne-stator. Ukujiya kwethusi kuyayiphendula, futhi kukhiqizwa ugesi kuyo. Kepha ukukhiqizwa kwamandla okungaguquki kudinga ukushintsha amandla kazibuthe wamandla kazibuthe. Ngale njongo, isakhiwo se-rotor ne-stator siqukethe amapuleti ensimbi akha amawindi.

I-voltage eshintshanayo ikhiqizwa ekusingatheni kwe-stator (izingongolo zikazibuthe ziguquka njalo). Ibhuloho le-diode liqinisekisa ukuzinza kwe-voltage ezinzile ukuze imishini yamandla aphansi isebenze kahle.

Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-generator

Uma sihlukanisa ngokwemibandela konke ukonakala kwedivayisi, umenzi wemoto uyahluleka ngenxa yezinkinga zikagesi noma ezenziwa ngomshini. Ngokuqondene nesigaba sesibili, iningi lazo litholwa ngokuhlolwa okubukwayo. Isibonelo salokhu kungaba ukujikeleza okunzima kwe-pulley (ukungasebenzi kwamabhere) noma ukujeqeza ngesikhathi sokuzungezisa - izingxenye zinamathelana.

Kodwa-ke, ukuqinisekiswa kwezici zikagesi zedivayisi akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kwemishini eyengeziwe. Ukuwohloka kukagesi kufaka:

• Gqoka amabhulashi namasongo;
• Isilawuli sishisiwe noma kwakhiwa ukonakala kwisekethe yaso;
• Eyodwa (noma ngaphezulu) yama-diode ebhuloho ishile;
• Kushe ukugoqa nge-rotor noma nge-stator.

Ukwephuka ngakunye kunendlela yayo yokuhlola.

Ungahlola kanjani i-generator ngaphandle kokukhipha emotweni

I-oscilloscope iyadingeka ukwenza lolu hlobo lokuxilongwa. Le divayisi "izofunda" wonke amaphutha akhona. Kodwa-ke, umsebenzi onjalo udinga amakhono athile, ngoba uchwepheshe ofanelekayo kuphela okwazi ukuqonda amashadi nezinombolo ezahlukahlukene. Ngalesi sizathu, imoto ithunyelwa ukuxilongwa esiteshini sesevisi.

Kumshayeli wemoto ojwayelekile, kunezindlela eziningi ezifanele isabelomali ezikuvumela ukuthi uhlole i-generator ngaphandle kokuthi uze uyiqaqe. Nazi ezinye zazo:

• Siqala injini. Nqamula i - "-" ukuphela ebhetri. Ngasikhathi sinye, imoto kufanele iqhubeke nokusebenza, ngoba imodi ejwayelekile isho ukukhiqizwa kwamandla okuzimela. Ububi bokuxilongwa okunjalo ukuthi akusebenzi ekulungisweni kokudluliswa kwama-generator. Kungcono ukuthi ungabheki imoto yesimanje enje, ngoba ezinye izakhi ngeke zibhekane nokuqhuma kwamandla. Ibhuloho le-diode ezinhlobonhlobo zezimoto ezintsha akufanele lisebenze ngaphandle komthwalo;
• I-multimeter ixhunywe ngokuhambisana nezigxobo zebhethri. Esimweni esizolile, i-voltage ibanga elisuka ku-12,5 kuye ku-12,7 volts (ibhethri eligcwalisiwe). Okulandelayo, siqala injini. Silandela inqubo efanayo. Ngedivayisi esebenzayo, i-multimeter izokhombisa kusuka ku-13,8 kuye ku-14,5 V. Futhi lokhu akunamthwalo owengeziwe. Uma wenza kusebenze abathengi abanamandla amakhulu (ngokwesibonelo, kungaba uhlelo lwe-multimedia, isitofu namawindi ashubile), i-voltage kufanele yehlele okungenani ku-13,7 volts (uma iphansi, i-generator inephutha).

Kukhona futhi "amathiphu" amancane ongawanika i-generator eseceleni kokonakala:

• Ngejubane eliphansi, amalambu angaphambili akhanya - hlola isimo sesilawuli;
• Ukukhala kwe-generator lapho unikezwa umthwalo - hlola ukusebenza kahle kwebhuloho le-diode;
• Shayela ibhande lokukhala - lungisa ukungezwani kwalo. Ukugeleza kweBelt kubanga ukukhiqizwa kwamandla okungazinzile.

Ungahlola kanjani amabhulashi namasongo okushelela

Lezi zinto zingaba nomonakalo owenziwe ngomshini, ngakho-ke okokuqala nje siyazihlola. Uma amabhulashi esegugile, adinga nje ukushintshwa ngamasha. Amasongo ama-slip nawo anezici zokugqoka, ngakho-ke ahlola ukushuba nokuphakama kwamabhulashi, kepha futhi namasongo.

Amapharamitha ajwayelekile akhonjiswa ngumenzi, kepha usayizi omncane walezi zinto kufanele ube:

• Okwemabhulashi - inkomba yokuphakama okungenani yama-millimitha ayi-4,5;
• Okwezindandatho - ububanzi obuncane obungamamilimitha ayi-12,8.

Ngaphezu kokukalwa okunjalo, izingxenye zihlolwe ukusebenza okungejwayelekile (imihuzuko, ama-grooves, ama-chips, njll.).

Ungahlola kanjani ibhuloho le-diode (isilungisi)

Ukuwohloka okunjalo kuvame ukuvela uma ibhethri lixhunywe kupolarity engafanele (ukuphela "+" kufakwa ku-minus, kanye ne - "-" - ku-plus). Uma lokhu kwenzeka, amadivayisi amaningi wemoto azohluleka ngokushesha.

Ukuvimbela lokhu, umenzi ukhawulele ngokuqinile ubude bezintambo ebhethri. Kepha uma kuthengwa ibhethri lesimo esingajwayelekile, kufanele wazi ukuthi iyiphi ukuphela okuhambelana nokuthi iyiphi ipali.

Okokuqala, sihlola ukumelana kupuleti elilodwa lebhuloho le-diode, bese ngakolunye. Umsebenzi wale nto ukuhlinzekela ukuqhuba ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela.

Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kanjena:

• Ukuxhumana okuhle komhloli kuxhunywe ku-"+" ukuphela kwepuleti;
• Ngophenyo olubi, thinta ukuhola kwawo wonke ama-diode ngokulandelana;
• Ama-probes ashintshiwe futhi inqubo iyafana.

Ngokuya ngemiphumela yokuxilonga, ibhuloho elisebenza ngama-diode lizodlula lamanje, futhi lapho ama-probe eguqulwa, kuzodala ukumelana okuphezulu. Okufanayo kuya ngepuleti yesibili. Ubuqili obuncane - ukumelana akufanele kuhambisane nenani lika-0 ku-multimeter. Lokhu kuzokhombisa ukonakala kwedayode.

Ngenxa yebhuloho le-diode elingalungile, ibhethri aliwatholi amandla adingekayo wokushaja kabusha.

Ungahlola kanjani i-voltage regulator

Uma, ngesikhathi sesheke nge-plug plug, ukutholwa okungaphansi kwebhethri noma ukukhokhisa okungaphezulu kwayo kutholakele, kuzodingeka unake umlawuli. Imikhuba yesilawuli esisebenzayo isivele ishiwo ngaphambili.

Inkomba yokumelana ne-capacitor nayo inqunyiwe. Esikrinini somhloli, leli nani kufanele lehle ngokushesha nje lapho ama-probe axhunywe kulo.

Enye indlela yokuhlola umlawuli ngukukhanya kokuhlolwa kwe-volt eyi-12. Ingxenye inqanyuliwe futhi isilawuli sixhunywe emabhulashini. Ukuxhumana okuhle kuxhunywe ekuhlanganisweni komthombo wamandla, futhi ukukhishwa kwebhethri kubekwe emzimbeni wokulawula. Lapho kunikezwa i-12V, isibani siyakhanya. Lapho nje i-voltage inyuka iye ku-15V, kufanele icime.

Ungahlola kanjani i-stator

Kulokhu, futhi udinga ukunaka inkomba yokumelana (lapho ugoqa). Ngaphambi kokulinganisa, ibhuloho le-diode liyadilizwa. Ukujija okusebenzekayo kuzobonisa inani elingaba ngu-0,2 Ohm (okukhishwayo) kanye nobukhulu obungu-0,3 Ohm (koxhumana naye onguziro nozungelezayo).

Ukuhewula komthombo wamandla kubonisa ukuwohloka noma isifunda esifushane lapho kujikeleka khona. Kufanele futhi uhlole ukuthi kukhona yini okugqokile ebusweni bezingcwecwe zensimbi zengxenye.

Ungahlola kanjani i-Rotor generator

Okokuqala, "sikhalela" ukumonyaniswa kokuthakazelisa (kwakha i-pulse encane kagesi, edala ukufakwa kwe-electromagnetic). Imodi yokuhlola ukumelana isethwe ku-multimeter. Ukumelana phakathi kwamasongo (atholakala ku-shaft shaft) kukalwa. Uma i-multimeter ikhombisa kusuka ku-2,3 kuye ku-5,1 Ohm, ingxenye leyo ihleleke kahle.

Inani eliphansi lokumelana lizokhombisa ukuvalwa kokujika, futhi okuphezulu - ikhefu elijikayo.

Olunye uvivinyo olwenziwe nge-rotor ukuhlola ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa i-ammeter (imodi ehambisanayo ye-multimeter), i-12V inikezwa emasongweni. Lapho ukuphuka kwesifunda, idivayisi izobonisa kusuka ku-3 kuye ku-4,5, uma i-element isebenza kahle.

Ekupheleni kokuxilongwa, ungqimba lwe-insulating luhlolwa ukumelana nalokhu. Inqubo imi kanje. Sithatha isibani esinama-watt angama-40. Sixhuma ukuphela kocingo ekuphumeni, kanti okunye emzimbeni. Okunye ukuxhumana kwesokhethi kuxhuma ngqo kwindandatho ye-rotor. Ngokufakwa kahle, isibani ngeke sikhanye. Ngisho nokuncipha okuncane kokuvunguza kuzokhombisa ukuvuza kwamanje.

Uma, ngenxa yokuxilongwa kwe-generator, kutholakale ukuwohloka kwesinye sezakhi, ingxenye iyashintsha - futhi idivayisi ifana nokusha.

Nayi ividiyo emfushane ekuhlolweni okusheshayo kwe-generator:

Ungahlola kanjani i-generator. Ngemizuzu engu-3, ​​NGAPHANDLE KWAMADIVAYISI namakhono.

Ngakho-ke, uma i-generator yemoto inephutha, inethiwekhi yemoto ebhodini ngeke ihlale isikhathi eside. Ibhethri lizophuza ngokushesha, futhi umshayeli kuzodingeka adonsele imoto yakhe ayise esiteshini esiseduze sesevisi (noma ashayele iloli elidonsa lokhu). Ngalesi sizathu, wonke umnikazi wemoto kufanele anake ilambu lokuxwayisa elinophawu lwebhethri.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Ungahlola kanjani ukuthi kukhona ukushaja kusuka ku-generator kuya ebhethri? Intambo ewugqinsi yejeneretha iyasuswa (lokhu +). I-probe eyodwa ye-multimeter ixhunywe kubhethri +, futhi i-probe yesibili ixhunywe ekuxhumaneni kwamahhala kwejeneretha.

Ungabona kanjani ukuthi i-generator ayisebenzi emshinini? Ubunzima bokuqalisa injini evuthayo yangaphakathi (ibhethri ayishajwe kahle), ukucwayiza kokukhanya ngenkathi injini isebenza, isithonjana sebhethri ekuqoqeni sivuliwe, ikhwela lebhande le-alternator drive.

Ungahlola kanjani ukuthi i-generator iyasebenza noma cha? Ukukalwa kokuphumayo kwamanje. Kufanele ibe phakathi kuka-13.8-14.8V (2000 rpm). Ukwehluleka ngaphansi komthwalo (isitofu sivuliwe, izibani zangaphambili zishisa ingilazi) kuze kufike ku-13.6 - okujwayelekile. Uma ngezansi - ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-generator.

Ungahlola kanjani ukusebenza kwensimbi nge-multimeter? Ama-multimeter probes axhunywe kumatheminali ebhethri (ngokwezigxobo) ngenkathi injini isebenza. Kunoma isiphi isivinini, i-voltage kufanele ibe ngaphakathi kwama-volts angu-14.