Lamborghini

Okuqukethwe UmsunguliI-EmblemUmlando womkhiqizo wezimoto kumamodeli Imibuzo nezimpendulo: Phakathi naso sonke isikhathi sokuba khona kwayo, okuyiminyaka engaba ngu-57, inkampani yase-Italy i-Lamborghini, eyaba yingxenye yokukhathazeka okukhulu, izuze idumela njengomkhiqizo womhlaba ovusa isithakazelo. inhlonipho yabaqhudelana nabo kanye nokuthokozela kwabalandeli bezinhlobonhlobo zamamodeli - kusukela kuma-roadsters kuya kuma-SUV. Futhi lokhu naphezu kokuthi ukukhiqizwa kwaqala cishe kusukela ekuqaleni futhi kwase kuseduze nokuma izikhathi eziningana. Sikunikeza ukuthi ulandele umlando wokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo ophumelelayo owawuxhumanisa amagama amamodeli eqoqo lawo namagama ezinkunzi ezidumile ezibambe iqhaza ekulweni nezinkunzi. Umdali wezimoto ezimangalisayo zezemidlalo nombono wakhe ekuqaleni wawubhekwa njengohlanya, kodwa uFerruccio Lamborghini wayengenasithakazelo emibonweni yabanye. Waphishekela ngenkani iphupho lakhe futhi ekugcineni wethula umhlaba ngesifanekiso esiyingqayizivele nesinhle, okwathi kamuva sathuthukiswa, sashintshwa, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo sagcina umklamo oyingqayizivele. Umqondo wokukhalipha wokuvula iminyango yesikele ngokuqonde phezulu, manje esetshenziswa ngabakhiqizi abaningi bezimoto zezemidlalo, ibizwa ngokuthi "iminyango ye-lambo" futhi isiphenduke uphawu lomkhiqizo ophumelelayo wase-Italy. Njengamanje i-Automobili Lamborghini SpA ngaphansi kwe-Audi AG, iyingxenye yokukhathazeka okukhulu kweVolkswagen AG, kodwa inekomkhulu layo edolobheni elincane lesifundazwe i-Sant'Agata Bolognese, okuyingxenye yesifunda sokuphatha sase-Emilia-Romagna. Futhi lokhu kuqhele ngamakhilomitha ayi-15 ukusuka edolobheni laseMaranello, lapho imboni yezimoto zomjaho edumile, iFerrari, izinze khona. Ekuqaleni, ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto zabagibeli akuzange kufakwe ezinhlelweni zeLamborghini. Le nkampani yayizibandakanye kuphela ekuthuthukisweni kwemishini yezolimo, futhi kamuva, imishini yesiqandisi yezimboni. Kodwa kusukela eminyakeni engu-60 yekhulu leminyaka elidlule, isiqondiso sefektri sishintshe kakhulu, okwakuyisiqalo sokukhululwa kwezimoto ezihamba ngesivinini esikhulu. Ukufaneleka kokusungulwa kwenkampani ngezikaFerruccio Lamborghini, obedume ngokuba ngusomabhizinisi ophumelelayo. Usuku olusemthethweni lokusungulwa kwe-Automobili Lamborghini SpA Kucatshangelwa ngo-May 1963. Impumelelo yafika ngokushesha ngemva kokukhululwa kwekhophi yokuqala, eyabamba iqhaza embukisweni waseTurin ngo-Okthoba wonyaka ofanayo. Kwakuyi-prototype ye-Lamborghini 350 GT eya ekukhiqizweni okuwuchungechunge kungakapheli unyaka. I-Prototype Lamborghini 350 GT Maduze, imodeli ye-Lamborghini 400 GT ikhululiwe, ukuthengiswa okuphezulu okwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukuthuthukisa i-Lamborghini Miura, eyaba uhlobo "lwekhadi lokushaya" lomkhiqizo. I-Lamborghini yabhekana nobunzima bayo bokuqala ngawo-70s, lapho umsunguli weLamborghini kwadingeka athengise ingxenye yakhe yomsunguli (ukukhiqizwa kukagandaganda) kubancintisana bakhe - Fiat. Lesi senzo sasihambisana nokungaphumeleli kwenkontileka, okusho ukuthi iNingizimu Melika yazibophezela ukwamukela inqwaba yezimoto. Ogandaganda abangaphansi kohlobo lwe-Lamborghini manje sebekhiqizwa yi-Same Deutz-Fahr Group SpA Iminyaka engamashumi ayisikhombisa ekhulwini elidlule ilethe impumelelo enkulu kanye nenzuzo efektri yaseFerruccio. Noma kunjalo, unqume ukudayisa amalungelo akhe omsunguli, okokuqala (51%) kumtshali-zimali waseSwitzerland uGeorges-Henri Rosetti, kanti amanye athengisele umuntu wakubo uRené Leimer. Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi isizathu salokhu kwakuyisimo sengqondo sokungabi nandaba sendlalifa - Tonino Lamborghini - ekukhiqizeni izimoto. Ngaleso sikhathi, uphethiloli kanye nenkinga yezezimali emhlabeni wonke kwaphoqa ukuthi kushintshwe abanikazi benkampani yakwaLamborghini. Aye encipha futhi encipha amakhasimende ngenxa yokubambezeleka kokulethwa, okubuye kuncike ezingxenyeni eziyisipele ezivela kwamanye amazwe, nazo eziphuthelwe yizinsuku zokugcina. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe isimo sezimali, kwaphethwa isivumelwano nabakwaBMW, okwathi abakwaLamborghini baqala ukulungisa imoto yabo yezemidlalo futhi bahlanganyele ekukhiqizeni. Kodwa inkampani yayiswele kakhulu isikhathi “sokutholwa”, njengoba ukunakwa okwengeziwe kanye nezimali zanikelwa kumodeli yayo entsha yeCheetah (Cheetah). Kodwa inkontileka yayisaphulwa, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukuklanywa nokulungiswa kwe-BMW kwaqedwa. Abalandela uLamborghini kwadingeka bafake isicelo sokuqothuka ngo-1978. Ngesinqumo senkantolo yamaNgisi, inkampani yathengiswa endalini futhi yathengwa amaSwitzerland - abazalwane bakwaMimram, abanikazi beMimran Group. Futhi kakade ngo-1987 Lamborghini yathathwa Chrysler (Chrysler). Eminyakeni eyisikhombisa kamuva, ngisho nalo mtshali-zimali akakwazanga ukumelana nomthwalo wezezimali, futhi ngemva kokushintsha omunye umnikazi, umkhiqizi wase-Italy ekugcineni wamukelwa ekukhathazekeni okukhulu kwe-Volkswagen AG njengengxenye ye-Audi emi ngokuqinile. Ngenxa kaFerruccio Lamborghini, umhlaba ubone izimoto ezinkulu eziyingqayizivele zomklamo oyingqayizivele namanje osathakaselwayo. Kukholakala ukuthi abambalwa kuphela abakhethiwe, abantu abaphumelelayo nabazethembayo, abangaba abanikazi bemoto. Ngonyaka we-12 wenkulungwane entsha yeminyaka, kwasayinwa isivumelwano phakathi kweBurevestnik Group kanye neRussia Lamborghini yaseRussia mayelana nokuqashelwa kokuthengisa okusemthethweni kwale nkampani. Manje e-Russian Federation sekuvulwe isikhungo senkonzo egameni lomkhiqizo odumile nethuba lokujwayelana nalo lonke iqoqo le-Lamborghini futhi uthenge / u-ode imodeli ekhethiwe, kodwa ngisho nokuthenga ama-ovaroli akhethekile, izesekeli ezihlukahlukene kanye nezingxenye ezisele. Umsunguli Ukucaciswa okuncane: ngesiRashiya, inkampani ivame ukukhulunywa ngomsindo othi "Lamborghini", mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi ukunakwa kudonsela uhlamvu "g" (ji), kodwa lokhu kubizwa akulungile. Uhlelo lolimi lwesiNtaliyane, nokho, njengoba kwezinye izimo isiNgisi, luhlinzekela ukuphinyiselwa kwenhlanganisela yezinhlamvu "gh" njengomsindo "g". Ngakho-ke, ukuphinyiselwa kweLamborghini ukuphela kwendlela efanele. Ferruccio Lamborghini (April 28.04.1916, XNUMX - 20.02.1993/XNUMX/XNUMX) Kuyaziwa ukuthi umqambi wezinhlobo eziyingqayizivele zezimoto zezemidlalo kusukela ebuntwaneni wayehlabeke umxhwele ngezimfihlo zokusebenza kwezinqubo ezihlukahlukene. Engeyena isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo esikhulu, uyise u-Antonio nokho wabonisa ukuhlakanipha komzali futhi wahlela i-workshop encane yentsha ngaphakathi kwepulazi lakhe. Lapha, umsunguli wesikhathi esizayo wenkampani edumile yaseLamborghini wakwazi kahle izisekelo ezidingekayo zokuklama futhi wakwazi nokusungula izindlela eziphumelelayo. UFerruccio wathuthukisa amakhono akhe kancane kancane waba umsebenzi wakhe e-Bologna School of Engineering, futhi kamuva wasebenza njengomakhenikha ngenkathi esebuthweni. Futhi ekupheleni kweMpi Yezwe II Ferruccio wabuyela ezweni lakubo esifundazweni Renazzo, lapho waqala ukwakha kabusha izimoto zempi zibe imishini yezolimo. Ibhizinisi eliphumelelayo laphawula ukuqala kokuvulwa kwebhizinisi lakhe, ngakho kwavela inkampani yokuqala kaFerruccio Lamborghini - iLamborghini Trattori SpA, eyakhulula ugandaganda oklanywe ngokuphelele usomabhizinisi osemusha. I-logo eyaziwayo - inkunzi elwa esihlangu - yavela cishe ngokushesha, ngisho nakumagandaganda okuqala okuklama kwawo. Ugandaganda owakhiwe nguFerruccio Lamborghini Ukuphela kweminyaka yama-40s kwaba okubalulekile kusomabhizinisi-umsunguli. Isiqalo esiyimpumelelo kwaba isizathu sokucabanga ngesisekelo sebhizinisi lesibili. Futhi ngo-1960, kwavela ukukhiqizwa kwemishini yokushisa kanye nemishini yokupholisa yezimboni - inkampani iLamborghini Bruciatori. Impumelelo emangalisayo ilethe ukuceba obekungalindelekile, okwavumela omunye wosomabhizinisi base-Italy abaphumelele kakhulu ukuthi amise igaraji lakhe elinamamodeli ezimoto ezemidlalo ezibiza kakhulu: I-Jaguar E-type, Maserati 3500GT, Mercedes-Benz 300SL. Kodwa intandokazi yeqoqo yahlala i-Ferrari 250 GT, okwakukhona amakhophi amaningana egaraji. Ngalo lonke uthando lwakhe ngezimoto zemidlalo ezibizayo, uFerruccio wabona kuwo wonke amadizayini ukungapheleli ayefuna ukukulungisa. Ngakho-ke, kwavela umqondo wokudala imoto ephelele futhi eyingqayizivele yokukhiqiza kwethu. Ofakazi abaningi bathi ingxabano nomkhiqizi owaziwayo wezimoto zomjaho, u-Enzo Ferrari, yabangela isinqumo esibucayi senkosi ngaleyo minyaka. Naphezu kokuzibophezela kwakhe emotweni yakhe ayithandayo, uFerruccio kwadingeka aphendukele ngokuphindaphindiwe ekulungiseni, futhi watshela umenzi wezimoto zezemidlalo ngalokhu. Njengoba engumuntu onolaka, u-Enzo waphendula kabuhlungu, ngomoya wokuthi "nakekela ogandaganda bakho uma ungaqondi lutho mayelana nemishini yezimoto zomjaho." Ngeshwa (kuFerrari), uLamborghini naye wayengumNtaliyane, futhi isitatimende esinjalo sabamba i-Super-Ego yakhe, ngoba wayazi okuningi ngezimoto. Ithukuthele ngokujulile, inkosi, lapho ibuyela egalaji, yanquma ngokuzimela imbangela yokungasebenzi kahle kwe-clutch. Ngemva kokuhlakaza umshini ngokuphelele, uFerruccio wathola ukufana okukhulu phakathi komshini wokudlulisela kanye nomshini wogandaganda bakhe, ngakho kwakungenzima kuye ukulungisa inkinga. Okulandelayo, isinqumo esisheshayo senziwe ukufeza iphupho lakhe elidala - ukudala imoto yakhe enesivinini esikhulu naphezu kwe-Enzo Ferrari. Kodwa-ke, wenza isethembiso kuye ngokuthi izimoto zakhe, ngokungafani neFerraris, azisoze zabamba iqhaza emiqhudelwaneni yokugijima. Umbono wakhe wawubhekwa njengohlanya, wanquma ukuthi umsunguli wesikhathi esizayo we-Automobili Lamborghini SpA Ngavele ngacabanga ukuyophuka. Njengoba umlando ubonisile, okwamangaza futhi kwajabulisa izibukeli zentuthuko yenkampani, uLamborghini wabonisa umhlaba amakhono amangalisayo ethalente lakhe. Sekukonke, umsunguli womkhiqizi we-Emblem Italian akafuni ukusakaza ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto ezibiza kakhulu, uLamborghini omncane odumile wahola ibhizinisi iminyaka engaba ngu-10, kodwa waqhubeka nokulandela izenzakalo ezinqumayo kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe (1993) . Imodeli yokugcina ayibonile kwakuyiLamborghini Diablo yango-1990, eyayiklanyelwe abathengi abafisa ukuvelela nabacebile. Lo mbono, mhlawumbe, ufakwe ku-logo yenkampani, efanekisela amandla amangalisayo, amandla kanye nokuzethemba. Uphawu lushintshe umbala ngandlela thile laze lathola inguqulo yokugcina - inkunzi elwa egolide kungemuva elimnyama. Kukholakala ukuthi uFerruccio Lamborghini ngokwakhe wayengumbhali walo mbono. Mhlawumbe indima ethile idlalwe uphawu lwezinkanyezi lapho inkosi yazalelwa khona (28.04.1916/XNUMX/XNUMX). - uphawu Taurus). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubengumlandeli omkhulu wokulwa nezinkunzi. I-pose yenkunzi ibanjwa ngobuchule ngesikhathi ilwa ne-matador. Futhi amagama amamodeli anikezwa ngokuhlonipha ama-toros adumile, awazihlukanisa empini. Akuyona into engokomfanekiso ukuxhumana kwesilwane esinamandla esesabekayo esinamandla omshini owadalwa kuqala nguLamborghini - ugandaganda. Inkunzi ibekwe phezu kwehawu elimnyama. Kukhona inguqulo uFerruccio "ayibolekile" ku-Enzo Ferrari ukuze ngandlela thize imcasule. Imibala ye-logo ye-Ferrari ne-Lamborghini iphikisana kakhulu, ihhashi elimnyama elikhuliswayo elivela kuphawu lwezimoto zika-Enzo litholakala phakathi nesihlangu esiphuzi. Kepha lokho uLamborghini empeleni aholwa ngakho ngenkathi edala uphawu lwakhe oluhlukile - manje akekho ozokusho ngokuqinisekile, kuzohlala kuyimfihlo yakhe. Umlando womkhiqizo wezimoto kumamodeli Isibonelo sokuqala, i-Lamborghini 350 GTV prototype, saboniswa embukisweni waseTurin maphakathi nekwindla ka-1963. Imoto yathatha ukusheshisa ku-280 km / h, inamandla angu-347 amahhashi, injini ye-V12 kanye ne-coupe yezihlalo ezimbili. Ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kamuva, inguqulo ye-serial isivele ikhishwe e-Geneva. I-Lamborghini 350 GTV (1964) I-Lamborghini 400 GT elandelayo, engazange ibe nempumelelo encane, yaboniswa ngo-1966. Umzimba wayo wenziwe nge-aluminium, umzimba usushintshile ngandlela-thile, amandla enjini (amahhashi angu-350) kanye nevolumu (3,9 amalitha) anyukile. I-Model Lamborghini 400 GT (1966) Imoto yathengiswa ngempumelelo, okwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukuqala ukuklama imodeli edumile ye-Lamborghini Miura, eyethulwa "enkantolo yababukeli" ngo-March ka-1966 efanayo embukisweni wase-Geneva, futhi owaba uhlobo uphawu lomkhiqizo. Lo mfanekiso waboniswa nguLamborghini ngokwakhe futhi ubungowama-65 eTurin Auto Show. Imoto yehlukile kunezinguqulo zangaphambilini lapho kukhona amalambu ahamba phambili ahambayo. Lolu hlobo lomkhiqizo lwaletha udumo emhlabeni wonke. Lamborghini Miura (1966-1969) Futhi eminyakeni emibili kamuva (ngo-1968) isampula yashintshwa yaba i-Lamborghini Miura P400S, eyayifakwe injini enamandla kakhulu. Babuyekeze ideshibhodi, bengeza i-chrome plating ezingilazini, futhi bahlomisa amawindi kagesi ngedrayivu kagesi. Ukuguqulwa kweLamborghini Miura - P400S (1968) Ngawo lowo 1968, kwakhululwa iLamborghini Islero 400 GT. Igama lomkhiqizo lihlotshaniswa nenkunzi eyahlula u-matador odumile u-Manuel Rodriguez ngo-1947. I-Lamborghini Islero 400 GT (1968) Ngawo lowo nyaka waphawulwa ngokukhululwa kwe-Lamborghini Espada, ehunyushwa ngokuthi "i-matador's blade", kwakuyimodeli yokuqala enezihlalo ezine eyenzelwe umndeni. I-Lamborghini Espada (1968) Amandla ezimoto ayaqhubeka ekhula, futhi ngonyaka wama-70, ngokusikisela komklami uMarcello Gandini, imoto encane i-Urraco P250 (2,5 amalitha) ivela, ilandelwa yiLamborghini Jarama 400 GT ene-12- litre V4 injini. I-Lamborghini Urraco P250 (1970) I-boom yangempela yenzeka ngo-1971, lapho kwakhiwa i-Lamborghini Countach eguquguqukayo, kamuva eyaba "i-chip" yomkhiqizo, umklamo wayo womnyango wawubolekwe abakhiqizi abaningi bezimoto ezinkulu. Yayifakwe injini enamandla kakhulu ye-V12 Bizzarrini ngaleso sikhathi enamandla angu-365, okuvumela imoto ukuba ihambe ngesivinini kuze kufike ku-300 km / h. Imoto yethulwa ochungechungeni eminyakeni emithathu kamuva, ithole ukulungiswa kwesistimu yokukhipha umoya ngokuhambisana nezidingo ze-aerodynamics, futhi ngendlela ethuthukisiwe yaqhudelana neFerrari. Igama lomkhiqizo lihlotshaniswa nokumangala (lesi yisibabazo kwesinye sezilimi zesiNtaliyane lapho ubona into enhle). Ngokusho kwenye inguqulo, elithi "Countach" lisho isibabazo esibabazayo "inkomo engcwele!" I-Prototype Lamborghini Countach Ukusayina inkontileka nabaseMelika kwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukuthuthukisa futhi ukwethula ngo-1977 e-Geneva Motor Show umqondo omusha ngokuphelele - i-SUV Lamborghini Cheetah yamasosha (“ingulule”) enenjini yakwaChrysler. Imodeli yamangaza ngisho nabagxeki abadume kakhulu abangalindele lutho olusha enkampanini. ULamborghini Cheetah (1977) Ukushintsha kobunikazi ngo-1980 ku-Mimran Group ngaphansi kukaMongameli u-Patrick Mimran kwaholela kwezinye izinhlobo ezimbili: owalandela iCheetah ebizwa ngokuthi i-LM001 kanye ne-Jalpa roadster. Mayelana namandla, i-LM001 yadlula eyandulelayo: amandla angu-455 amahhashi ngenjini engu-12 litre V5,2. I-Lamborghini Jalpa enomzimba we-targa (ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-80s) I-Lamborghini LM001 SUV Ngo-1987, inkampani yathathwa ngu-Chrysler ("Chrysler"). Futhi maduzane, ekuqaleni kobusika 1990, brand embukisweni Monte Carlo ubonisa owalandela Countach - Diablo nge injini enamandla ngisho nangokwengeziwe ukwedlula LM001 - 492 amahhashi umthamo 5,7 amalitha. Imizuzwana emi-4, imoto yathatha isivinini endaweni yokuma cishe i-100 km / h futhi yashesha yaba ngu-325 km / h. I-Follower Countach - Lamborghini Diablo (1990) Futhi cishe eminyakeni eyisithupha kamuva (December 1995) e-Bologna Auto Show iqala ngenguqulo ethokozisayo ye-Diablo enesihloko esikhiphekayo. I-Detachable Lamborghini Diablo (1995) Umnikazi wokugcina womkhiqizo kusukela ngo-1998 kwakungu-Audi, eyathatha i-Lamborghini kumtshali-zimali wase-Indonesia. Futhi kakade ngo-2001, ngemva kukaDiablo, kwavela ifomethi eguqulelwe kakhulu - i-supercar ye-Murcielago. Kwakuwumkhiqizo omkhulu kakhulu wemoto enenjini engu-12-cylinder. U-Lamborghini Murcielago (2001) Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-2003, kwalandela uchungechunge lwe-Gallardo, oluhlukaniswa ngokubumbana kwalo. Isidingo esikhulu sale modeli kwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukukhiqiza amakhophi angaphansi kancane kwezi-11 phakathi neminyaka eyi-3000.