I-Citroen

Содержание ОсновательЭмблемаИстория автомобиля в моделяхВопросы и ответы: Citroen – известная французская марка, штаб-квартира которой расположена в культурной столице мира, Париже. Le nkampani iyingxenye yokukhathazeka kwaPeugeot-Citroen. Esikhathini esingengakanani esidlule, inkampani yaqala ukubambisana okusebenzayo nenkampani yaseShayina i-Dongfeng, ngenxa yokuthi izimoto zomkhiqizo zithola imishini yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu. Nokho, konke kwaqala ngesizotha kakhulu. Nansi indaba yomkhiqizo odumile emhlabeni wonke, equkethe izimo ezimbalwa ezidabukisayo eziholela abaphathi ekugcineni. Umsunguli Ngo-1878, u-Andre wazalelwa emndenini wakwaCitroen, onezimpande zase-Ukraine. Ngemva kokuthola imfundo yobuchwepheshe, uchwepheshe osemusha uthola umsebenzi enkampanini encane eyakha izingxenye eziyisipele zezitimela. Kancane kancane inkosi yathuthuka. Isipiliyoni esinqwabelene namakhono amahle okuphatha kwamsiza ukuba athole isikhundla somqondisi womnyango wezobuchwepheshe embonini ye-Mors. Phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, lesi sitshalo sasisebenza ekudaleni amagobolondo ezikhali zebutho laseFrance. Lapho ukulwa kuphela, umphathi wesitshalo kwadingeka anqume ngephrofayili, ngoba izikhali zazingasenayo inzuzo kangako. U-Andre akazange acabange ngokungathi sína ngokuba umenzi wezimoto. Nokho, wayazi kahle ukuthi le niche ingaba nenzuzo enkulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uchwepheshe wayesenesipiliyoni esanele kumakhenikha. Lokhu kwamenza wazifaka engozini futhi wabeka isifundo esisha sokukhiqiza. Lo mkhiqizo wabhaliswa ngo-1919, futhi wathola igama lomsunguli njengegama. Ekuqaleni, wacabanga ukuthuthukisa imodeli yemoto esebenza kahle, kodwa wamiswa ngokusebenza. U-Andre wayazi kahle ukuthi kwakubalulekile hhayi kuphela ukudala imoto, kodwa ukunikeza umthengi into ethengekayo. Okufanayo kwenziwa ngowayephila ngesikhathi sakhe, uHenry Ford. Uphawu Umklamo we-chevron ephindwe kabili wakhethwa njengesisekelo sophawu. Leli igiya elikhethekile, amazinyo alo amise okwe-V. Ilungelo lobunikazi lokwenziwa kwengxenye enjalo lafakwa umsunguli wenkampani emuva ngo-1905. Lo mkhiqizo ubudingeka kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezimotweni ezinosayizi omkhulu. Ngokuvamile, ama-oda ayevela ezinkampanini ezakha imikhumbi. Isibonelo, i-Titanic edumile kwezinye izinqubo yayinamagiya amathambo e-herringbone. Lapho inkampani yezimoto isungulwa, umsunguli wayo wanquma ukusebenzisa umklamo wendalo yakhe - i-chevron ephindwe kabili. Kuwo wonke umlando wenkampani, i-logo ishintshile izikhathi eziyisishiyagalolunye, noma kunjalo, njengoba ubona esithombeni, into eyinhloko ihlale ifana. Uhlobo oluhlukile lwezimoto inkampani esebenza kuzo, i-DS isebenzisa uphawu olufana nophawu oluyinhloko. Ezimotweni, i-chevron ephindwe kabili isetshenziswa, kuphela imiphetho yayo yakha uhlamvu S, kanti uhlamvu D luseduze nalo. Umlando wemoto kumamodeli Umlando wokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa yinkampani ungalandelelwa kumamodeli aphuma kumaconveyor omkhiqizo. Nali uhambo olufushane lomlando. Ngo-1919 u-André Citroën wethula imodeli yakhe yokuqala, Uhlobo A. Injini evuthayo yangaphakathi enamahhashi angu-18 ifakwe uhlelo lokupholisa amanzi. Umthamo wayo wawungama-cubic centimeter angu-1327. Isivinini esiphezulu sasingu-65 km ngehora. Isici semoto ukuthi ibisebenzisa izibani kanye nesiqalisi sikagesi. Futhi, imodeli yaba ishibhile impela, ngenxa yokuthi ukusakazwa kwayo kwaba yizingcezu eziyi-100 ngosuku. 1919 - Izingxoxo ziyaqhubeka no-GM zokuthi umenzi wezimoto osanda kwenziwa ukuthi abe yingxenye yawo. Isivumelwano sase sicishe sasayinwa, kodwa ngomzuzu wokugcina, inkampani yabazali eyayihlongozwa yahoxa esivumelwaneni. Lokhu kwavumela inkampani ukuthi ihlale izimele kuze kube ngu-1934. Ngo-1919-1928 uCitroen usebenzisa isikhangiso esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, esifakwe eGuinness Book of Records - i-Eiffel Tower. Ukukhuthaza umkhiqizo, umsunguli wenkampani uxhasa uhambo lwesikhathi eside oluya e-Afrika, eNyakatho Melika nase-Asia. Kuzo zonke izimo, wanikeza izimoto zakhe, okubonisa ukwethembeka kwalezi zimoto ezishibhile. Ngo-1924 - uhlobo lubonisa indalo yalo elandelayo - imodeli ye-B10. Kwakuyimoto yokuqala yaseYurophu enomzimba wensimbi. Embukisweni wezimoto eParis, imoto ayizange ithandeke nje kuphela ngabashayeli, kodwa futhi nabagxeki. Kodwa-ke, ukuthandwa kwemodeli kwadlula ngokushesha, njengoba izimbangi zazivame ukuletha izimoto ezingashintshiwe, kodwa ngomzimba ohlukile, futhi i-Citroen yayidonsa lokhu. Ngenxa yalokhu, into kuphela ababenesithakazelo abathengi ngaleso sikhathi kwaba izindleko izimoto French. 1933 - amamodeli amabili avela ngesikhathi esisodwa. Lena yiTraction Avant, ebisebenzisa i-steel monocoque body, i-Independent suspension yangaphambili ne-front wheel drive. Imodeli yesibili - Rossalie, ngaphansi hood okwakukhona injini diesel. 1934 - Ngenxa yokutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwamamodeli amasha, inkampani iphelelwa yimali futhi ithathwa ngomunye wababolekisi bayo - uMichelin. Ngemva konyaka, umsunguli we-Citroen brand uyafa. Lokhu kulandelwa isikhathi esinzima, lapho, ngenxa yobudlelwane obunzima phakathi kweziphathimandla zaseFrance naseJalimane, inkampani iphoqeleka ukuba yenze intuthuko eyimfihlo. 1948 - imodeli subcompact enamandla amancane (amahhashi angu-12 kuphela) 2CV 1990CV livela Paris Motor Show, okuyinto eba umthengisi wangempela, futhi kukhiqizwa kuze XNUMX. Umshini omncane wawungewona nje ukonga, kodwa futhi uthembekile ngokumangalisayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umshayeli wemoto onemali elinganiselwe angathenga ngokukhululekile imoto enjalo. Ngenkathi abakhiqizi bomhlaba wonke bezama ukunaka ukunakekelwa kwezethameli ngezimoto ezijwayelekile zezemidlalo, abakwaCitroen baqoqa abashayeli abasebenzayo abakuzungezile. 1955 - ukuqala kokukhiqizwa komkhiqizo owaziwayo, owavela ngaphansi kobuholi bale nkampani. Imodeli yokuqala ye-division esanda kwenziwa yi-DS. Amadokhumenti ezobuchwepheshe alawa mamodeli abonisa inombolo engu-19, 23, njll., ebonisa umthamo weyunithi yamandla efakwe emotweni. Okuhlukile kwemoto ukubukeka kwayo okucacile kanye nokuvunyelwa komhlaba okuphansi (funda ukuthi kuyini lapha). Imodeli okokuqala ithole amabhuleki ediski, ukumiswa kwe-hydraulic air, okungalungisa ukuphakama kokugibela. Onjiniyela be-Mercedes-Benz ukukhathazeka baba nesithakazelo kulo mbono, kodwa ukukhohlisa kwakungavunyelwe, ngakho ukuthuthukiswa kokumiswa okuhlukile okushintsha ukuphakama kwemoto kwenziwa iminyaka engaba ngu-15. Emotweni engu-68 ithole enye intuthuko entsha - ama-lens swivel we-optics yangaphambili. Ukuphumelela kwemodeli nakho kungenxa yokusetshenziswa komhubhe womoya, owavumela ukudala isimo somzimba esinezici ezinhle kakhulu ze-aerodynamic. 1968 - Ngemva kokutshala izimali ezimbalwa ezingaphumelelanga, inkampani ithenga umkhiqizi wezimoto zezemidlalo owaziwayo uMaserati. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi udale imoto enamandla ukuze uhehe abathengi abakhuthele. 1970 - Imodeli ye-SM idalwe ngesisekelo sezimoto ezitholakalayo zezemidlalo. Isebenzise iyunithi yamandla enevolumu engu-2,7 amalitha namandla angu-170 amahhashi. Umshini wokuqondisa ngemva kokuphenduka ngokuzimela wahambisa amasondo ajikayo endaweni eqondile. Futhi, imoto yathola kakade eyaziwa ukumiswa hydropneumatic. 1970 - Ukukhiqizwa kwemodeli okuvale igebe elikhulu phakathi kwe-subcompact yasemadolobheni i-2CV ne-DS ekhangayo nebizayo. Le moto ye-GS ihambise inkampani endaweni yesibili ngemuva kwePeugeot phakathi kwabakhiqizi bezimoto baseFrance. 1975-1976gg. uhlobo luphinde luphelelwe imali, nakuba kuthengiswa izinkampani ezingaphansi eziningana, okuhlanganisa isigaba samaloli saseBerliet kanye namamodeli ezemidlalo eMaserati. 1976 - Kwakhiwa iqembu lePSA Peugeot-Citroen, elikhiqiza izimoto eziningi eziqinile. Phakathi kwazo kukhona iPeugeot 104, GS, Dyane, homologation variant 2CV, CX. Kodwa-ke, ophathina abanantshisekelo ekuqhubekeni phambili kwesigaba seCitroen, ngakho-ke bafuna ukuqamba kabusha. Ngeminyaka yawo-1980, abaphathi balolu phiko badlula kwesinye isikhathi esidabukisayo, lapho zonke izimoto zisekelwe kumapulatifomu akwaPeugeot. Ekuqaleni kwawo-90, i-Citroen yayingehlukile neze kumamodeli ahamba nawo. Ngo-1990 - lo mkhiqizo unweba indawo yawo yokuhweba, uheha abathengi abavela e-United States, emazweni angaphambi kweSoviet, eMpumalanga Yurophu naseChina. 1992 - ukwethulwa kwemodeli yeXantia, okushintshe ukuthuthukiswa kokuklanywa kwazo zonke izimoto zenkampani. 1994 - Ama-debuts ama-minivan okuqala okubalekela. 1996 - abashayeli bathola iveni lomndeni iBerlingo elisebenzayo. 1997 - Kuvela imodeli yomndeni wakwaXsara, owabonakala uthandwa kakhulu. 2000 - I-C5 sedan debuts, okungenzeka ukuthi idalwe esikhundleni se-Xantia. Ukuqala ngakho, "inkathi" yamamodeli S. Umhlaba wabashayeli uthola izimoto ezincane ze-C8, i-C4 ne-C2 hatchback, i-C1 urban kanye ne-C6 sedan kanokusho. 2002 kuvela enye imodeli edumile yeC3. Namuhla, inkampani iyaqhubeka nokulwela ukuzuza inhlonipho yezithameli zomhlaba wonke ngokwakha ama-crossovers, izimoto eziyingxubevange kanye nokuhlanganisa amamodeli asevele aziwayo. Ngo-2010, kwavezwa umqondo wemodeli kagesi i-Survolt. Sengiphetha, sinikeza isibuyekezo esifushane semoto yakwa-DS yodumo yama-50s: Imibuzo Nezimpendulo: Yenziwe kuphi imoto yakwaCitroen? Ekuqaleni, amamodeli we-Citroen brand ahlanganiswa eFrance, bese emafektri omlando eSpain: emadolobheni aseVigo, Onet-sous-Bois naseRen-la-Jane. Manje izimoto zihlangene emafektri e-PSA Peugeot Citroen. iqembu. Yiziphi izinhlobo ze-Citroen brand? Uhlu lwamamodeli omkhiqizo luhlanganisa: DS (1955), 2 CV (1963), Acadiane (1987), AMI (1977), BX (1982), CX (1984), AX (1986), Berlingo (2015), C1- C5 , Jumper, njll. Ubani othenge uCitroen? Kusukela ngo-1991, ibiyingxenye yeqembu le-PSA Peugeot Citroen. Ngo-2021, leli qembu laqedwa ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwamaqembu ePSA neFiat Chrysler (FCA).