Idivayisi kanye nenqubo yokusebenza kohlelo lokukhipha imoto

Yonke imoto efakwe injini yangaphakathi yokugibela inenqubo yokuqeda amandla eyedlule. Kufakwe hhayi ukunikela kuphela induduzo kumshayeli nakwabanye. Lo mklamo udlala indima ebalulekile ekulahlweni kahle kwamagesi okukhipha ugesi.

Cabanga ngesakhiwo sohlelo lokukhipha, kanye nezinketho zesimanje nokulungiswa kwaso.

Luyini uhlelo lokukhipha imoto?

Isistimu yokukhipha isho isethi yamapayipi obude nobubanzi obuhlukile, kanye neziqukathi zevolumetric, ngaphakathi lapho kunezithiyo khona. Ihlale ifakiwe ngaphansi kwemoto futhi ixhunywe ezininginingi ze-exhaust.

Ngenxa yokwakheka okuhlukile kwamachibi (okugcwala okuyisisekelo, i-resonator kanye ne-catalyst), imisindo eminingi ekhiqizwe ngenxa yokusebenza kweyunithi yamandla iyacindezelwa.

Inhloso yohlelo lokuqedwa kwezimoto

Njengoba igama liphakamisa, uhlelo lwenzelwe ukususa amagesi okukhipha enjinini. Ngokwengeziwe kulo msebenzi, lokhu kwakhiwa kusebenza ne:

• Exhaust umsindo damping. Lapho injini iqaliswa, ukuqhuma okuncane kwenhlanganisela kaphethiloli womoya kwenzeka emakamelweni okusebenza amasilinda. Ngisho nangamanani amancane, le nqubo ihambisana nokushaya izandla okuqinile. Amandla akhishwayo anele ukushayela amapistoni ngaphakathi kwamasilinda. Ngenxa yobukhona bezinto ezinezakhiwo ezahlukahlukene zangaphakathi, umsindo we-exhaust uncishiswe yimisindo e-muffler.
• Ukungathathi hlangothi kukadoti onobuthi. Lo msebenzi wenziwa yisiguquli se-catalytic. Le nto ifakwe eduze kwesilinda sensimbi. Ngesikhathi sokusha kwenhlanganisela yamafutha omoya, kwakheka amagesi anobuthi, angcolisa kakhulu imvelo. Lapho ukukhipha kudlula ku-catalyst, kwenzeka ukusabela kwamakhemikhali, ngenxa yalokho ukuncipha kwamagesi ayingozi kuncishisiwe.
• Ukususwa kwamagesi ngaphandle kwemoto. Uma ufaka i-muffler eduze kwenjini, lapho imoto imi nenjini isebenza (ngokwesibonelo, lapho isibani sethrafikhi noma ujamu wethrafikhi), amagesi aqeda ukuqhuma aqongelela ngaphansi kwemoto. Njengoba umoya wokupholisa igumbi labagibeli lithathwa endaweni yenjini, kuleli cala umoya-mpilo omncane ubuzongena egumbini labagibeli.
• Ukupholisa ngokweqile. Lapho uphethiloli ushiswa kumasilinda, izinga lokushisa lenyukela kuma-2000 degrees. Ngemuva kokuthi amagesi asuswe ngobuningi, apholile, kepha noma kunjalo ayashisa kangangokuba angalimaza umuntu. Ngalesi sizathu, zonke izingxenye zohlelo lokukhipha zenziwe ngensimbi (okokusebenza kunokudlulisa ukushisa okuphezulu, okungukuthi, kuyashesha ukushisa kuphole). Ngenxa yalokhu, amagesi e-exhaust awashisi labo abadlula ngepayipi le-exhaust.

Uhlelo lokuphefumula

Ngokuya ngemodeli yemoto, uhlelo lokukhipha luzoba nomklamo ohlukile. Kodwa-ke, ngokuvamile, ukwakheka kohlelo kuyefana. Idizayini ifaka izinto ezilandelayo:

• Khipha kaningi. Le nto yenziwa ngensimbi engahambisani nokushisa, ngoba ithatha umthwalo omkhulu we-thermal. Ngenxa yesizathu esifanayo, kubalulekile ukuthi ukuxhumana kwekhanda lesilinda nepayipi langaphambili kuqinile ngangokunokwenzeka. Kulokhu, uhlelo ngeke ludlulise ukugeleza okusheshayo kwamagesi ashisayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuhlangana kuzoshisa ngokushesha, futhi imininingwane izodinga ukushintshwa kaningi.
• "Amabhulukwe" noma ipayipi langaphambili. Le ngxenye ibizwa kanjalo ngoba i-exhaust evela kuwo wonke amasilinda ixhunywe kuyo ibe yipayipi elilodwa. Ngokuya ngohlobo lwenjini, inani lamapayipi lizoya ngenani lamasilinda eyunithi.
• Isihlanganisi. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "muffler" omncane " Esigodini sayo esincane, kwenzeka isigaba sokuqala sokulibaziseka kokugeleza kwamagesi. Iphinde yenziwa nge-alloy refractory.
• Isiguquli seCatalytic. Le nto ifakwe kuzo zonke izimoto zesimanje (uma injini idizili, khona-ke kukhona isihlungi sendawo esikhundleni sethonya). Umsebenzi wawo ukuqeda izinto ezinobuthi kumagesi e-exhaust akhiwe ngemuva kokusha kwephethiloli kadizili noma uphethiloli. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamadivayisi ezenzelwe ukunciphisa amagesi ayingozi. Okuvame kakhulu ukulungiswa kwe-ceramic. Kuzo, umzimba we-catalyst unesakhiwo samaselula esifana nezinyosi. Kuma-catalysts anjalo, ikesi lifakwa ngci (ukuze izindonga zingashi), bese kufakwa i-mesh yensimbi enhle emnyango. Izindwangu ezinamakhemikhali nezobumba zifakwe into esebenzayo, ngenxa yokuthi kwenzeka ukusabela kwamakhemikhali. Le nguqulo yensimbi icishe ifane neye-ceramic, kuphela esikhundleni se-ceramic, umzimba wayo uqukethe insimbi ebunjiweyo, embozwe ungqimba oluncane kakhulu lwe-palladium noma iplatinamu.
• Uphenyo lweLambda noma inzwa ye-oxygen. Ibekwa ngemuva kokudonsela phambili. Ezimotweni zesimanje, le ngxenye iyingxenye ebalulekile evumelanisa izinhlelo zikaphethiloli nezokukhipha. Lapho kuthintwa amagesi okukhipha, kukala inani lomoya-mpilo futhi kuthumela isignali kuphiko lokulawula (imininingwane eminingi mayelana nokwakheka kwayo nenqubo yokusebenza kuyachazwa lapha).
• Isipikili esiyinhloko. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukahlukene zama-muffler. Ngamunye wabo unezici zakhe zokuklama. Ngokuyinhloko, "ibhange" linama-partitions amaningana, ngenxa yokuthi ukucisha okukhulu kucinyiwe. Amanye amamodeli anedivayisi ekhethekile ethi, ngosizo lomsindo okhethekile, ikuvumela ukuthi ugcizelele amandla enjini (isibonelo salokhu uhlelo lokuphelelwa ngamandla lweSubaru Impreza).

Ekuhlanganeni kwazo zonke izingxenye, kufanele kuqinisekiswe ukuqina okuphezulu, ngaphandle kwalokho imoto izokwenza umsindo, nemiphetho yamapayipi izosha ngokushesha okukhulu. Ama-gaskets enziwe ngezinto zokwakha. Ukuze kulungiswe okuphephile, kusetshenziswa ama-bolts, futhi ukuze izidlidlizi ezivela enjini zingadluliselwa emzimbeni, amapayipi nama-muffler amiswe kusuka ezansi esebenzisa amacici enjoloba.

Isebenza kanjani uhlelo lokukhipha

Lapho i-valve ivuleka kuhlangothi lokukhipha, amagesi e-exhaust akhishelwa ezinhlwini eziningi ze-exhaust. Ngemuva kwalokho bangene kumbhobho ongaphambili futhi baxhumeke ekugelezeni okuvela kwamanye amasilinda.

Uma injini yokumisa yangaphakathi ifakelwe i-turbine (ngokwesibonelo, ezinjini zikadizili noma eziguqulwe ngophethiloli), lapho-ke okukhishelwayo kuqala okuvela emanenjeni kuphakanyiselwa i-compressor impeller, bese kuthi lapho-ke kube yipayipi elingaphambili.

Iphuzu elilandelayo liyisihluthulelo lapho izinto ezinobungozi zingathathi hlangothi khona. Le ngxenye ihlala ifakwa eduze nenjini ngangokunokwenzeka, ngoba ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kwenzeka emazingeni okushisa aphezulu (ngemininingwane eminingi ngokusebenza kwesiguquli sokulawula, bheka esihlokweni esehlukile).

Lapho-ke i-extension idlula kumshini wokuphinda (igama likhuluma ngokusebenza kwale ngxenye - ukukhulisa imisindo eminingi) bese lingena ku-muffler enkulu. Kukhona ukwahlukaniswa okuningana ku-muffler patity enezimbobo zokulinganisa ezihlobene. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukugeleza kuqondiswa kabusha kaningi, umsindo uyancipha, futhi ipayipi le-exhaust libushelelezi futhi lithule ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ukungasebenzi kahle okungenzeka, izindlela zokuqedwa kanye nezinketho zabo zokuhlela

Ukungasebenzi kahle kohlelo lokuqeda amandla kuyingxenye yokuphelelwa ngamandla. Imvamisa lokhu kwenzeka enhlanganweni ngenxa yokuvuza. Ngokuya ngezinga lokuqhekeka, uzodinga imali yakho. Ukushisa ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngaphakathi kwe-muffler.

Kunoma ikuphi, ukuxilonga uhlelo lokukhipha kungenye yemisebenzi elula kakhulu. Into esemqoka ukulalela umsebenzi we-motor. Lapho umsindo we-exhaust uqala ukushuba (okokuqala uthola umsindo woqobo "we-bass", njengemoto enamandla), sekuyisikhathi sokubheka ngaphansi kwemoto ubone ukuthi ukuvuza kwenzeka kuphi.

Ukulungiswa kwemuffler kuya ngezinga lokugqoka. Uma ingxenye ibiza kancane, kuzobangcono ukuyifaka entsha. Izinguquko ezibiza kakhulu zingamataniswa ne-sludge yegesi kanye ne-welding kagesi. Kunemibono eminingi ehlukene kulokhu, ngakho-ke umshayeli kufanele azinqumele yena ukuthi iyiphi indlela yokuxazulula izinkinga azoyisebenzisa.

Uma kukhona inzwa ye-oksijini ohlelweni lokukhipha amandla, khona-ke ukungasebenzi kahle kwayo kuzokwenza ushintsho olukhulu ekusebenzeni kohlelo lophethiloli futhi kungalimaza umgoqo. Ngalesi sizathu, abanye ochwepheshe batusa ukugcina inzwa eyodwa enhle esitokweni ngaso sonke isikhathi. Uma, ngemuva kokufaka ingxenye ethile, isinali lesiphambeko senjini liyanyamalala kudeshibhodi, inkinga ibikilo.

Ukuvuselelwa kohlelo lwesistimu

Ukwakhiwa kohlelo lokukhipha kunomthelela oqondile emandleni we-injini. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, abanye abashayeli bayayithuthukisa ngokungeza noma ukususa izinto ezithile. Inketho yokushuna ejwayelekile kunazo zonke ukufakwa kwe-muffler eqonde ngqo. Kulokhu, i-resonator isuswa ohlelweni ukuze isebenze kangcono.

Kumele uqaphele ukuthi ukuphazamisa ukujikeleza kwesistimu kungathinta kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwe-powertrain. Ukuguqulwa ngakunye kwe-muffler kukhethiwe kucatshangelwa amandla enjini. Ngenxa yalokhu, kwenziwa izibalo eziyinkimbinkimbi zobunjiniyela. Ngalesi sizathu, kwezinye izimo, ukukhuphula isistimu akuyona nje into engemnandi emsindweni, kepha futhi "kweba" amandla wehhashi ayigugu emotweni.

Uma kungekho lwazi olwanele maqondana nokusebenza kwenjini nohlelo lokukhipha umoya, kungcono kumthandi wemoto afune usizo kochwepheshe. Azizosiza kuphela ukukhetha into efanele edala umphumela oyifunayo, kepha futhi zivimbele ukonakala kwemoto ngenxa yokusebenza okungalungile kohlelo.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwepayipi le-exhaust kanye ne-muffler? I-muffler ohlelweni lwe-exhaust iyithangi elingenalutho elinama-baffle amaningana ngaphakathi. Ipayipi yokukhipha ipayipi iyipayipi lensimbi elisuka ku-muffler eyinhloko.

Iliphi igama elilungile lepayipi le-exhaust? Leli igama elilungile lale ngxenye yesistimu yokukhipha umoya wemoto. Akulungile ukuyibiza ngokuthi i-muffler, ngoba ipayipi livele liphambukise amagesi e-exhaust kude ne-muffler.

Isebenza kanjani i-exhaust system? Amagesi e-exhaust ashiya amasilinda ngokusebenzisa ama-valve okukhipha umoya. Khona-ke bangena exhaust manifold - ku-resonator (ezimotweni zanamuhla kusekhona i-catalyst phambi kwayo) - ku-muffler main kanye nepayipi yokukhipha.

Iyini i-exhaust yemoto? Kuyisistimu ehlanza, epholile, futhi enciphise ukushayeka kanye nomsindo ovela kumagesi akhipha umoya aphuma enjinini. Lesi simiso singahluka kumamodeli ezimoto ahlukene.