Umgomo wokusebenza nedivayisi yesilawuli sengcindezi kaphethiloli

Idivayisi yamayunithi wamanje kadizili nophethiloli angahluka ngokuya ngohlelo lukaphethiloli olusetshenziswa ngumenzi ezimotweni zalo. Enye yezinto ezithuthuka kakhulu kulesi simiso ujantshi ojwayelekile kaphethiloli.

Ngamafuphi, umgomo wokusebenza kwayo umi kanje: iphampu kaphethiloli ephezulu (funda ngomshini wayo lapha) ithumela uphethiloli kudizili. Kule nto, umthamo usatshalaliswa ngaphezulu kwemibhobho. Imininingwane yohlelo isivele ichaziwe. ngokubuyekezwa okuhlukile, kodwa inqubo ilawulwa yi-ECU kanye nomlawuli wokucindezela uphethiloli.

Namuhla sizokhuluma ngokuningiliziwe ngale ngxenye, kanye nokuxilongwa kwayo kanye nomgomo wokusebenza.

Imisebenzi yokulawula ingcindezi ye-Fuel

Umsebenzi we-RTD ukugcina ingcindezi eyiyo kaphethiloli kuma-injini wezinjini. Le nto, ngaphandle kokuqina komthwalo kuyunithi, igcina ingcindezi edingekayo.

Lapho isivinini senjini sikhuphuka noma sincipha, inani likaphethiloli odliwe lingakhuphuka noma lehle. Ukuze ingxube enciphile ingakheki ngejubane eliphezulu, futhi icebe kakhulu ngejubane eliphansi, uhlelo lufakwe i-vacuum regulator.

Enye inzuzo yesilawuli ukunxeshezelwa kwengcindezi eyeqile esitimeleni. Ukube imoto ibingenayo le ngxenye, lokhu okulandelayo bekuzokwenzeka. Lapho umoya omncane ugeleza kaningi, kepha ingcindezi ihlala injalo, iyunithi yokulawula izomane ishintshe isikhathi sokwenza i-petroli (noma i-VTS esivele isiqediwe).

Kodwa-ke, kulokhu, akunakwenzeka ukukhokhela ngokuphelele ikhanda elingeqile. Uphethiloli oweqile kusamele uye kwenye indawo. Enjini kaphethiloli, uphethiloli oweqile uzogcwalisa amakhandlela. Kwezinye izimo, ingxube ngeke ishe ngokuphelele, okuzodala ukuthi izinhlayiya zikaphethiloli ongashisiwe zikhishwe ohlelweni lokukhipha. Lokhu kwandisa kakhulu "ubudlwangudlwangu" beyunithi futhi kunciphisa ubungani bemvelo bokukhishwa kwezimoto. Imiphumela yalokhu ingahluka kakhulu - kusuka kusot eqinile ngenkathi ushayela ku-catalyst ephukile noma isihlungi se-particulate.

Umgomo wesilawuli sengcindezi kaphethiloli

Isilawuli sengcindezi kaphethiloli sisebenza ngokulandela lo mgomo olandelayo. Iphampu kaphethiloli ephezulu idala ingcindezi, uphethiloli ungena kujantshi ngomgwaqo omkhulu, lapho okukhona khona umlawuli (kuya ngohlobo lwemoto).

Lapho ivolumu kaphethiloli ompompiwe idlula ukusetshenziswa kwayo, ingcindezi ohlelweni iyakhuphuka. Uma ingalahlwa, kungekudala isifunda sizophuka kusixhumanisi esibuthakathaka. Ukuvimbela ukuwohloka okunjalo, umlawuli ufakiwe kujantshi (kusekhona indawo ethangini likaphethiloli), elibhekana nengcindezi eyeqile futhi livule igatsha kwisifunda sokubuyela.

I-Fuel ingena ku-hose system hose bese igelezela emuva ethangini. Ngaphezu kokunciphisa ingcindezi eyeqile, i-RTD iphendula nge-vacuum eyakhiwe kokuphindaphindwayo kokudla. Ukuphakama kwalesi sibonakaliso, ingcindezi encane umlawuli azomelana nayo.

Lo msebenzi uyadingeka ukuze injini isebenzise uphethiloli omncane ngenkathi isebenza ngomthwalo omncane. Kepha ngokushesha nje lapho i-valve mpintsha ivula ngokwengeziwe, i-vacuum iyancipha, okwenza intwasahlobo iqine futhi ingcindezi inyuke.

Idivayisi

Idizayini yezilawuli zakudala inezingxenye ezilandelayo:

• Umzimba wensimbi oqinile (kufanele ube nokuqina okuphelele, njengoba kubhekene noshintsho kumfutho kaphethiloli);
• Ingxenye yangaphakathi yomzimba ihlukaniswe izigaxa ezimbili nge-diaphragm;
• Ukuze uphethiloli odonseke kujantshi agcinwe kuwo, kufakwa i-valve yokuhlola emzimbeni;
• Ngaphansi kwe-diaphragm kufakwa intwasahlobo eqinile (engxenyeni lapho kungekho uphethiloli). Lesi sici sikhethwe ngumenzi ngokuya ngokuguqulwa kohlelo lwamafutha;
• Kukhona okufakwa okuthathu emzimbeni: okubili kokuxhuma okuphakelayo (okungena kumlawuli nokuphuma emibhobho), okunye ukubuya;
• Izinto zokuvala uphawu lwe-fuel pressure ephezulu.

Umgomo ojwayelekile wokusebenza kwe-RTD uchazwe ngenhla kancane. Ngemininingwane eminingi, kusebenza kanjena:

• Iphampu kaphethiloli enamandla icindezela uphethiloli esitimeleni;
• Ama-injectors avulwa ngokuya ngesiginali esivela kuyunithi yokulawula;
• Ngesivinini esiphansi, amasilinda awadingi uphethiloli omningi, ngakho-ke i-ECU ayiqali ukuvulwa okuqinile kwemibhobho ye-injector;
• Iphampu kaphethiloli ayishintshi imodi yayo, ngakho-ke, uhlelo oluningi ludalwa;
• Ingcindezi ishayela idayaphragm elayishwe entwasahlobo;
• Isifunda sivula ukulahla uphethiloli ethangini;
• Umshayeli ucindezela isigwedlo segesi;
• Impintsha ivula ngamandla;
• I-vacuum ekungeneni okuningi iyancipha;
• Ukumelana okwengeziwe kwenziwa entwasahlobo;
• Kunzima kakhulu ukuthi i-diaphragm igcine ukumelana nalokhu, ngakho-ke intaba iyagqagqana ngezinga elithile (kuya ngokuthi i-pedal icindezeleke kangakanani).

Kwezinye izinguquko zezinhlelo zikagesi ezinikezwa inhlanganisela evuthayo ngaphansi kwengcindezi, esikhundleni salo mlawuli kusetshenziswa i-valve kagesi, ukusebenza kwayo okulawulwa yi-ECU. Isibonelo sohlelo olunjalo ujantshi ka-Common Rail.

Nayi ividiyo emfushane yokuthi le nto isebenza kanjani:

Siqaqa isilawuli somfutho we-BOSCH. Isimiso sokusebenza.

Indawo esakhiweni semoto

Imoto yesimanje lapho kuzofakwa khona leyo divayisi ingasebenzisa eyodwa yezakhiwo ezimbili zomlawuli:

• Ulayini wokuhambisa uphethiloli unolayini wokubuya. Kulokhu, kuzofakwa i-regulator, noma i-valve kujantshi kaphethiloli. Ipayipi lokuphakela lizolungiswa endaweni yokungena ye-valve (ekugcineni kokufakwayo okuvela kupompo, nakwelinye - indawo yokuphuma eya emibhobho), kuthi lapho kuthengiswa khona kuxhunywe i-hose loop hose;
• Ulayini ngaphandle kokuphinda ujikeleze. Kulokhu, kufakwa umlawuli eduze kwepompo kaphethiloli ethangini legesi (okuvame ukufakwa ekwakhiweni kwalo). Ukusebenza kwayo kulawulwa yi-ECU noma indlela yepompo uqobo. Uphethiloli ukhishwa ethangini uqobo.

Uhlelo lokuqala lunezinkinga ezimbalwa. Okokuqala, lapho iyunithi icindezelekile, uphethiloli noma uphethiloli uzothululela egumbini lenjini. Okwesibili, uphethiloli ongasetshenziswanga ushiswa ngokungadingekile bese ubuyiselwa ethangini likaphethiloli.

Ngemodeli ngayinye yenjini, ukuguqulwa kwayo komlawuli kuyakhiwa. Kwezinye izimoto, ungasebenzisa i-RTD yendawo yonke. Amamodeli anjalo angashintshwa ngesandla futhi afakwe i-gauge yengcindezi. Zingasetshenziswa njengenye indlela yokulawula okujwayelekile, efakwe erempini.

Ukuxilongwa kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kwesilawuli sikaphethiloli

Konke ukulungiswa komlawuli akuhlukeki, ngakho-ke akunakulungiswa. Kwezinye izimo, ingxenye ingahlanzwa, kepha insiza yayo ayikhulisi kakhulu kusuka kulokhu. Lapho ingxenye iphuka, kumane kufakwe entsha.

Nazi izizathu eziyinhloko zokwehluleka:

• Umthombo uphukile;
• Ukwakheka kwe-fistula emzimbeni (imvamisa ngenxa yokweqa umkhawulo wokucindezela noma ukulimala kwemishini);
• Ukugqoka kwemvelo kwezingxenye ezihambayo;
• Ukwakhiwa kokugqwala;
• Iziteshi ezivalekile.

Lapho uhlola idivayisi, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ezinye zezimpawu ziyefana nokwehluleka kwepompo yomjovo. Kuvamile nokuthi uhlelo lukaphethiloli lungasebenzi kahle, izimpawu zalo ezifana nokuwohloka komlawuli. Isibonelo salokhu izinto zokuhlunga ezivalekile.

Ukuze le nto isebenze insiza eyabelwe yona, kubaluleke kakhulu ukunaka ikhwalithi kaphethiloli osetshenzisiwe.

Ungahlola kanjani umlawuli wengcindezi kaphethiloli?

Kunezindlela ezimbalwa ezilula zokuhlola umlawuli wephethiloli. Kepha ngaphambi kokuzibheka, ake sinake izimpawu ezingakhombisa ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-RTD ngqo noma ngokungaqondile.

Uzoyihlola nini isilawuli sengcindezi?

Ubunzima bokuqalisa injini bungakhombisa umbusi ongalungile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwezinye izinhlobo zezimoto lokhu kwenzeka ngemuva kokuthi injini ingasebenzi (ukuqala okubandayo), kanti kwabanye, kunalokho, kokushisayo.

Kwesinye isikhathi kuba nezimo lapho, uma kwenzeka ukungasebenzi kahle kwengxenye ethile, umyalezo ophathelene nemodi ephuthumayo yemoto uboniswa kuphaneli yensimbi. Noma kunjalo, lokhu akukhona ukuphela kokuwohloka okwenza le modi isebenze.

Kwezinye izimoto, isignali enekhoyili yokushisa ivela ngezikhathi ezithile kudeshibhodi phakathi nohambo. Kepha kulokhu, ngaphambi kokufaka ingxenye, kuzodingeka ukuthi uyihlolisise.

Izimpawu ezingaqondile zifaka:

1. Ukusebenza okungalingani kweyunithi;
2. Izimoto zisebenzisa amatafula;
3. Ijubane le-crankshaft landa noma linciphe kakhulu;
4. Ukwehla okuphawulekayo kwezimpawu zamandla ezimoto;
5. Akukho mpendulo esisekelweni segesi noma esonakele kakhulu;
6. Uma ushintshela kudrive ohamba ngokweqile, imoto ilahlekelwa ngamandla amaningi;
7. Kwesinye isikhathi umsebenzi wenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi uhambisana namajezi;
8. "Ubudlwangudlwangu" bemoto bukhuphuke kakhulu.

Ukuhlola isilawuli sengcindezi ebhentshini

Indlela elula yokuxilonga ukuyisa imoto kwinsizakalo esebenzisa izitendi zokuxilonga. Ukuhlola uzodinga:

• Susa isitimela sikaphethiloli kanye ne-RTD;
• Bonke oxhumana nabo namapayipi axhumene nemodyuli esestendini;
• Idivayisi ilingisa ukusebenza kwemoto ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, ngenkathi ilinganisa yonke imingcele.

Ama-algorithms ahlukile afakiwe ohlelweni lokuma, ngokusho kokunqunywa kokusebenza komlawuli. Izinhlelo ezinjalo zisetshenziswa kuphela yizikhungo zesevisi, ngakho-ke, akunakwenzeka ukwenza le nqubo yokuxilonga ngaphandle kokuvakashela isiteshi sesevisi.

Ukuhlola umlawuli ngaphandle kokuyikhipha emotweni

Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi akunjalo kuzo zonke izimo kunamathuba anjalo., Kodwa uma idivaysi yemoto ikuvumela ukuthi ufike kumlawuli ngaphandle komsebenzi omkhulu wokudiliza, inqubo leyo ingenziwa ngokulandelayo:

• Ukuhlola okubonakalayo kwenziwa kuqala. Ukudangala kwecala kuzoba nzima ukukulahla. Inqubo efanayo izosiza ukukhomba noma yimuphi umonakalo owenziwe ngomshini, kanye nokwakhiwa kokugqwala;
• Nqamula i-hose vacuum hose, bese ufaka igeji yokucindezela phakathi kokuxhunyaniswa kokuphakelwa kanye ne-hose fuel. Siqala injini. Uma ngabe idivayisi ibonisa ingcindezi ezinzile, umlawuli unephutha. Inkomba yomcibisholo kufanele yehluke kusuka ku-0,3 kuye ku-0,7 atm.;
• Enye indlela ukuncinda ipayipi lokubuyisa. Igeji yokufaka ingcindezi ifakwe ngohlelo lwangaphambilini. Inkomba yedivayisi kufanele yeqe ngokushesha. Inqubo efanayo ingenziwa ngaphandle kwesilinganiso sokucindezela. Simane siqale injini, sicindezele ulayini wokubuyela bese silalela ukuthi iyunithi isebenza kanjani. Uma ukusebenza kwayo kuzinzile, umlawuli udinga ukushintshwa.

Ukuhlola umlawuli ngendlela yokufaka esikhundleni

Le yindlela eqinisekile yokuqinisekisa ukuthi ingxenye inephutha. Kulokhu, sisusa into etholakele, futhi esikhundleni sayo sifaka i-analogue eyaziwa kahle.

Uma ukuxilongwa kungenziwa ngesikhathi esifanele, imoto ingalimala kakhulu. Uma kungenjalo iyunithi, khona-ke enye into ebalulekile yohlelo lokuphakelwa kukaphethiloli izokwehluleka nakanjani. Futhi lokhu kungukuchitha okungafanele.

Izimbangela ezingaba khona zokwehluleka

Izimbangela ezingaba khona zomonakalo kumlawuli wokucindezela uphethiloli zifaka:

• Imoto ibingenzi lutho isikhathi eside, nophethiloli ubungasetshenziswa;
• Amanzi angene kukaphethiloli (ukufingqa kungokwemvelo kwezinye izimo zokusebenza);
• Intwasahlobo ayikhululekile;
• Ulwelwesi lonakele;
• Hlola i-valve inamathele noma igugile;
• Umnikazi wemoto akazishintshi izihlungi zikaphethiloli ngesikhathi;
• Umshayeli ugcwalisa uphethiloli wekhwalithi ephansi (i-valve ivalekile).

Uma kukhona ukusola ngokungasebenzi kahle kwesilawuli sikaphethiloli, kufanele kuhlolwe. Njengoba sesishilo, ukwenza lokhu ungasebenzisa igeji yokucindezela elula (ngisho naleyo ekala ingcindezi yamathayi amasondo efanelekile).

Ungamshintsha kanjani umlawuli?

Inqubo yokufaka esikhundleni sesilawuli sengcindezi kaphethiloli ilula. Into esemqoka ukunamathela esikimini esilandelayo:

• Engxenyeni yokugcina, ipulagi yezinyunyana ayihluthululiwe. Kufakwe i-O-ring kuyo. Kumlawuli osebenzayo, le nto inwebeka futhi ayinakulimala. Uma ukungahambisani kudalulwa ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, ingxenye iyashintsha noma ukhokho wonke;
• Isambulela sikhishwa kokulingana. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga i-cap kusuka kusondo (kunguqulo yensimbi kuneziqeshana ezizosiza ngalokhu);
• Okulandelayo, umlawuli uhlolwe esebenza. I-hose ene-gauge yokucindezela ngakolunye uhlangothi ixhunywe kumlawuli. Ilungiswa ngocingo. Injini yomlilo yangaphakathi iyaqalwa futhi ingcindezi yohlelo iyahlolwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, inkomba kufanele ibe sebangeni kusuka ku-284 kuye ku-325 kPa. Okulandelayo, i-hose inqanyuliwe kusuka kudivayisi, futhi kufundwa kugeji yengcindezi kuyahlolwa. Kulokhu, ikhanda kufanele lenyuke cishe ngama-20-70 kPa. Uma le parameter ingashintshi, khona-ke umlawuli unephutha, bese lifakwa esikhundleni salo;
• Ukufaka esikhundleni somlawuli, kufanele uqale wehlise ingcindezi kaphethiloli ohlelweni. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokuqaqa inati evikela ipayipi likaphethiloli. Kuyadingeka futhi ukukhipha imishudo emibili elungisa isilawuli uqobo kumgwaqo;
• Isilinganisi sesilawuli sisuswe ngokucophelela kujantshi kaphethiloli;
• Ipayipi likaphethiloli linqanyuliwe (uma uhlelo lungakakhiphi ingcindezi, udinga ukulungisa isitsha esingenalutho, lapho ipayipi elikhishwe khona lifakwa khona ngokushesha);
• Umlawuli manje usengasuswa.

Lapho kufakwa umlawuli omusha wokucindezela uphethiloli, ukufakwa kwamapayipi nezinto zokuvala kufanele kufakwe kusengaphambili ngophethiloli ukuze izingxenye ezinwebekayo zingatholi ukulimala komshini.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Ungahlola kanjani umlawuli wengcindezi kaphethiloli. Indlela yokuqala ukuqaqa ujantshi kaphethiloli. Ikuvumela hhayi kuphela ukuthi uqinisekise ukuthi umlawuli usesimweni esihle sokusebenza, kodwa nakwezinye izinto zohlelo lwamafutha. Ukuze wenze leli sheke, uzodinga imishini ekhethekile. Isilawuli esidala semiklamo sihlolwa ngokuvalwa kwesikhashana kolayini wokubuyisa kaphethiloli. Le ndlela iyatholakala ngezinjini zikaphethiloli. Kungcono ukwenza umsebenzi enjini ebandayo. Uma ulayini wokubuyela emuva, ukhanyelwe imizuzwana embalwa, wasiza ukuqeda unxantathu wesithuthi futhi wazinzisa ukusebenza kwawo, khona-ke umlawuli wengcindezi udinga ukushintshwa. Akufanelekile ukugcina ulayini ubhajwe isikhathi eside, ngoba lokhu kuzothinta ukusebenza kwepompo likaphethiloli. Le ndlela ayitholakali kumamodeli ezimoto asebenzisa ulayini wensimbi. Enye indlela yokusebenzisa isilawuli somfutho we-fuel fuel nge-multimeter esethwe kumodi ye-voltmeter. I-chip yomlawuli inqanyuliwe. Sigaya uphenyo olumnyama, bese sixhuma obomvu emlenzeni we-chip. Ngomlawuli osebenzayo, i-voltage kufanele ibe cishe ngama-volts ama-5. Okulandelayo, uphenyo olubomvu lwe-multimeter luxhunywe esigungwini esihle sebhethri, kanti omnyama uxhunywe emlenzeni ongemuhle we-chip. Esimweni esihle, inkomba kufanele ibe ngaphakathi kwe-12V. Enye indlela ngegeji yokucindezela. Kulokhu, ipayipi le-vacuum linqanyuliwe, futhi nedivayisi uqobo lwayo ixhunywe phakathi kwepayipi lokulinganisa nelikaphethiloli. Okweyunithi kaphethiloli, ukucindezelwa kwama-atmospheres angu-2.5-3 kubhekwa njengokujwayelekile, kepha le parameter kufanele icaciswe ezincwadini zobuchwepheshe zemoto.

Uyikhohlisa kanjani inzwa yengcindezi kaphethiloli. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele usebenzise izinsizakalo zezikhungo zesevisi ezenza ukulungiswa kwezimoto. Banganikela ngokuthenga ibhokisi lokushuna elixhuma kwiyunithi yokulawula imoto. Kepha kulokhu, kufanele kucaciswe ukuthi ngabe "i-snag" izokwaziwa yiyunithi yokulawula njengokusebenza okungalungile kohlelo lukaphethiloli noma cha. Uma i-ECU ingamukeli idivayisi engavamile, khona-ke kuzokwenziwa kusebenze ama-algorithms, azokwakha izinqubo zokudlula ukusebenza kwebhokisi lokushuna.

Kwenzekani uma ucisha inzwa yengcindezi kaphethiloli. Uma wenza lokhu ngenjini isebenza, ngeke kuthinte ukusebenza kwayo. Kepha uma inzwa yengcindezi kaphethiloli icishiwe, injini ngeke iqale.