Volvo

Содержание ОсновательЭмблемаИстория автомобиля в моделяхВопросы и ответы: Компания Volvo завоевала репутацию, как автопроизводитель, который создает легковые и грузовые автомобили, а также спецтехнику, обладающую высокой надежностью. Umkhiqizo usuthole imiklomelo kaningi ngokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zokuphepha zezimoto ezithembekile. Ngesinye isikhathi, imoto yalolu hlobo yayibhekwa njengephephile kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Yize uphawu belulokhu lukhona njengokuhlukanisa okwehlukile kokukhathazeka okuthile, kubashayeli abaningi kuyinkampani ezimele onobuhle bayo obufanele ukunakwa okukhethekile. Nansi indaba yalo mkhiqizi wezimoto, manje oseyingxenye ye-Geely hold (sesivele sikhulume ngalo mkhiqizi wezimoto ngaphambili kancane). Umsunguli wama-1920s e-United States naseYurophu cishe ngasikhathi sinye ekhulisa intshisekelo yokwenziwa kwamathuluzi ayimishini. Ngonyaka wama-23, umbukiso wezimoto ubanjelwa edolobheni laseSweden iGothenburg. Lo mcimbi ube wumgqugquzeli wokuthakaselwa kwezimoto ezizihambelayo, okuholele ekutheni izimoto eziningi ziqale ukungeniswa kuleli. Kakade ngonyaka wama-25, amakhophi ezimoto angaba ngu-14 nengxenye avela kubakhiqizi abahlukene afika kuleli. Umgomo wezinkampani eziningi ezikhiqiza izimoto kwakuwukwakha izimoto ezintsha ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abaningi, ngenxa yezikhathi eziqinile, babeka engcupheni ikhwalithi. E-Sweden, inkampani yezimboni i-SKF ibikhiqiza izingxenye ezithembeke kakhulu zemishini ehlukahlukene isikhathi eside. Isizathu esiyinhloko sokuthandwa kwalezi zingxenye ukuhlolwa okuphoqelekile kwentuthuko ngaphambi kokuba ingene emgqeni womhlangano. Ukuze kuhlinzekwe imakethe yaseYurophu hhayi kuphela ngokunethezeka, kodwa ngaphezu kwazo zonke izimoto eziphephile neziqinile, inkampani encane yeVolvo yakhiwe. Ngokusemthethweni, usuku lokudalwa komkhiqizo ngu-14.04.1927/XNUMX/XNUMX, lapho kuvela imodeli yokuqala kaJakob. Uhlobo lwemoto luvela kubaphathi ababili bomkhiqizi waseSweden wezingxenye ezisele. Laba ngoGustaf Larson no-Assar Gabrielsson. U-Assar wayeyi-CEO kanti u-Gustaf wayeyi-CTO yohlobo olusha lwezimoto. Phakathi neminyaka yakhe ese-SKF, uGabrielsson wabona inzuzo yemikhiqizo ekhiqizwa isitshalo ngaphezu kwama-analogue avela kwezinye izinkampani. Lokhu kwamqinisekisa ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi iSweden ingaletha izimoto ezifanele ngempela emakethe yomhlaba. Umbono ofanayo wasekelwa isisebenzi sakhe - Larson. Ngemva kokuba ozakwethu baqinisekise abaphathi benkampani ngokululeka kokwakhiwa komkhiqizo omusha, u-Larson waqala ukufuna umakhenikha ochwepheshe, futhi uGabrielsson wasungula izikimu zezomnotho futhi wenza izibalo ukuze asebenzise umqondo wabo. Izimoto zokuqala eziyishumi zadalwa ngezindleko zokonga komuntu siqu kaGabrielsson. Lezi zimoto zihlanganiswe embonini yakwa-SKF, okuyinkampani enesabelo ekuthengisweni kwezimoto ezintsha. Inkampani engumzali yanikeza inkululeko ekufanekisweni kwemibono yobunjiniyela enkampanini engaphansi, futhi yanikeza nethuba lokuthuthuka komuntu ngamunye. Ngenxa yalokhu, uhlobo olusha lwalunephedi lokwethula elinamandla abantu abaningi besikhathi salo ababengenalo. Ziningi izinto ezibe nomthelela ekuthuthukisweni ngempumelelo kwenkampani: Inkampani engumzali yabela imishini yokuqala yokuhlanganisa amamodeli akwaVolvo; ISweden yayinamaholo amancane uma kuqhathaniswa, okwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukuqasha inani elanele lezisebenzi zebhizinisi; Leli zwe lakhiqiza insimbi yalo, eyaduma emhlabeni wonke, okusho ukuthi izinto zokusetshenziswa ezisezingeni eliphezulu zatholakala kumenzi wezimoto omusha ngemali encane; Izwe lalidinga owalo uhlobo lwemoto; Imboni yathuthukiswa eSweden, okwenza kwaba lula ukuthola ochwepheshe abangakwazi nje ukuhlanganisa izimoto ezisezingeni eliphezulu, kodwa futhi bakhiqize izingxenye ezisele zayo. I-Emblem Ukuze amamodeli womkhiqizi omusha wezimoto abonakale emhlabeni wonke (futhi lokhu kwakuyiphuzu elibalulekile esu lokuthuthukisa umkhiqizo), kwakudingeka uphawu oluzobonisa ubunikazi benkampani. Igama lesiLatini elithi Volvo lithathwe njengegama lomkhiqizo. Ukuhumusha kwakhe (I roll) kugcizelele ngokuphelele indawo eyinhloko lapho inkampani yomzali iphumelele kakhulu - ukukhiqizwa kwamabhola ebhola. U-Leiba uvele ngo-1927. Njengephethini ehlukile, bakhetha uphawu lwensimbi, olwaluvamile emasikweni abantu baseNtshonalanga. Yayivezwe iyindilinga enomcibisholo obheke engxenyeni yayo esenyakatho-mpumalanga. Asikho isidingo sokuchaza kabanzi ukuthi kungani lesi sinqumo senziwe, ngoba iSweden inemboni yensimbi ethuthukisiwe, futhi imikhiqizo yayo yathunyelwa cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba. Ekuqaleni, kwanqunywa ukuthi kufakwe ibheji phakathi nendawo enkulu yokungenisa umoya. Inkinga abasiki bengqephu abebebhekene nayo wukungabi bikho kwe-grille abazonamathisela kuyo uphawu. I-logo ngandlela-thile kwadingeka ilungiswe phakathi nendawo kurediyetha. Futhi okuwukuphela kwendlela yokuphuma kwakuwukusebenzisa isici esengeziwe (sibizwa ngokuthi ibha). Kwakuwumugqa we-diagonal lapho ibheji yayinamathiselwe khona, futhi yona ngokwayo yayigxilwe emaphethelweni e-radiator. Yize izimoto zesimanje zine-grille evikelayo ngokuzenzakalela, umenzi wanquma ukugcina umugqa odwebayo njengenye yezinto ezibalulekile zelogo yezimoto esivele idumile. Umlando wemoto kumamodeli Ngakho, imodeli yokuqala eyaphuma kulayini wokuhlanganisa iVolvo kwakuyimoto iJakob noma i-OV4. "Izibulo" lenkampani lalingelona izinga eliphezulu njengoba bekulindelekile. Iqiniso liwukuthi phakathi nenqubo yokuhlanganisa, i-mechanics ifake injini ngokungalungile. Ngemuva kokuthi le nkinga isixazululiwe, imoto ibingakamukelwa ngendlela encomekayo ngabalaleli. Isizathu siwukuthi yayinomzimba ovulekile, futhi ezweni elinesimo sezulu esibi, izimoto ezivaliwe zazisebenza kakhulu. Injini engu-28-horsepower 4-cylinder yafakwa ngaphansi kwehood yemoto, engasheshisa imoto ngesivinini esingama-90 km / h. isici semoto kwakungu-chassis. Umkhiqizi wanquma ukusebenzisa umklamo okhethekile wesondo ezimotweni zokuqala. Isondo ngalinye lalinezipoki zokhuni futhi linerimu elikhiphekayo. Ngaphezu kwamaphutha ekhwalithi yomhlangano nokwakhiwa, inkampani yehlulekile ukwenza imoto ithandwe, njengoba onjiniyela benikele isikhathi esiningi kakhulu ekhwalithi, okwenza ukwakheka kwesimo esilandelayo kuhamba kancane. Nayi ingqophamlando yenkampani eshiye uphawu lwayo kumodeli yayo. 1928 - I-PV4 Special iyavela. Lena inguqulo enwetshiwe yemoto yangaphambilini, umthengi kuphela owayevele enikezwe izinketho ezimbili zomzimba: uphahla olugoqiwe noma phezulu okunzima. 1928 - Ukukhiqizwa kweloli yohlobo-1 kuqala kukhasethi efanayo neJakob. 1929 - isethulo senjini yomklamo wayo. Lokhu kuguqulwa kweyunithi yamasilinda ayisithupha kwatholwa umshini we-PV651 (amasilinda ayi-6, izihlalo ezi-5, uchungechunge lokuqala). 1930 - imoto ekhona yesimanje: ithola chassis eside, ngenxa yokuthi kakade abantu abangu-7 bangakwazi ukuhlala ekamelweni. Lezi bekuyiVolvo TR671 kanye ne-672. Lezi zimoto zazisetshenziswa abashayeli bamatekisi, futhi uma ikhabethe laligcwele, umshayeli wayengasebenzisa inqola ukuthwala imithwalo yabagibeli. 1932 - Imoto ithola ukuthuthukiswa okwengeziwe. Ngakho, iyunithi amandla isibe voluminous ngaphezulu - 3,3 amalitha, ngenxa yokuthi amandla ayo liye landa 65 amahhashi. Njengokudlulisela, baqale ukusebenzisa u-gearbox ongu-4-speed esikhundleni sika-3-speed uzakwabo. 1933 - Kuvela inguqulo kanokusho ye-P654. Imoto ithole ukumiswa okuqinisiwe kanye nokufaka umsindo okungcono. Ngawo lowo nyaka kwethulwa imoto eyisipesheli engakaze ingene emgqeni womhlangano ngoba izethameli bezingakakulungeli ukwakhiwa kwezinguquko. Okungavamile kwemodeli yeVenus Bilo eyakhiwe ngesandla ukuthi yayinezindawo ezinhle zokundiza. Intuthuko efanayo yasetshenziswa kwamanye amamodeli ezizukulwaneni zakamuva. 1935 - Inkampani iyaqhubeka nokwenza umbono waseMelika wezimoto ube wesimanje. Ngakho, imoto entsha enezihlalo ezingu-6 iCarioca PV36 iyaphuma. Kusukela kulo modeli, izimoto zaqala ukusebenzisa i-grille yokuzivikela. Iqoqo lokuqala lezimoto zikanokusho lalinamakhophi angu-500. Ngawo lowo nyaka imoto yomshayeli wetekisi yathola esinye isibuyekezo, futhi injini yaba namandla amakhulu - i-80 hp. 1936 - Inkampani igcizelela ukuthi into yokuqala okufanele ibe kunoma iyiphi imoto ukuphepha, bese kuba ukunethezeka nesitayela. Lo mqondo ubonakala kuwo wonke amamodeli alandelayo. Isizukulwane esilandelayo senguqulo ye-PV siyavela. Kuphela manje imodeli ibhalwe ukuthi 51. Isivele isiyi-sedan yokunethezeka yezihlalo ezi-5, kodwa ilula kunamanduleli wayo, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo inamandla kakhulu. 1937 - Isizukulwane esilandelayo se-PV (52) sithola izinto ezithile zokududuza: izibuko zelanga, ingilazi evuthayo, izingalo zezingalo ezinyaweni zeminyango, nemihlane yesihlalo esigoqwayo. 1938 - Ububanzi be-PV buthola ukuguqulwa okusha ngemibala embalwa yefekthri yasekuqaleni (i-burgundy, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuluhlaza). Ukuguqulwa okungu-55 no-56 kune-grille eguquliwe ye-radiator, kanye nokukhanya okuthuthukisiwe kwangaphambili. Ngawo lowo nyaka, izimoto zamatekisi zazikwazi ukuthenga imodeli evikelwe i-PV801 (umkhiqizi ufake i-partition yengilazi eqinile phakathi kwemigqa yangaphambili nangemuva). Ikhabethe selikwazi ukuhlalisa abantu abangu-8, okuhlanganisa nomshayeli. 1943-1944 ngenxa yeMpi Yezwe Yesibili, inkampani ayikwazi ukukhiqiza izimoto ngendlela evamile, ngakho-ke ishintshela ekuthuthukisweni kwezimoto zangemva kwempi. Le phrojekthi yaba yimpumelelo futhi yaholela kumqondo wemoto ye-PV444. Ukukhishwa kwayo kuqala ngonyaka wama-44. Le moto enamandla aphansi enenjini yamahhashi angu-40 iyona yodwa (emlandweni wokukhiqizwa kwaVolvo) eyayisebenzisa uphethiloli ophansi. Lesi sici senza imoto yaduma kakhulu phakathi kwabashayeli abacebile ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo. 1951 - ngemva kokukhululwa ngempumelelo PV444 ukuguqulwa, inkampani yanquma ukuthuthukisa izimoto umndeni. Ekuqaleni kwawo-50, iVolvo Duett yaphuma emgqeni womhlangano. Kwakuyi-subcompact efanayo yangaphambilini, umzimba kuphela owashintshwa ukuze uvumelane nezidingo zemindeni emikhulu. 1957 - Umkhiqizo waseSweden uqala ukusebenzisa isu lokungena emakethe yomhlaba. Futhi umenzi we-automaker unquma ukuzuza ukunaka kwezithameli nge-Amazone entsha, eye yathuthukiswa ukuphepha. Ikakhulukazi, kwakuyimoto yokuqala lapho kwafakwa khona amabhande ezihlalo ezingu-3. 1958 - Naphezu kokusebenza kokuthengisa kwemodeli yangaphambilini, umenzi unquma ukukhulula esinye isizukulwane se-PV. Inkampani iqala ukuzenza yaziwe emiqhudelwaneni yezimoto. Ngakho-ke, iVolvo PV444 ithatha umklomelo wokunqoba i-European Championship kuma-58, i-Grand Prix e-Argentina ngonyaka ofanayo, kanye nomjaho waseYurophu emkhakheni wama-59. 1959 - Inkampani ingena emakethe yase-US nge-122S. Ngo-1961 - Kwethulwa i-coupe yezemidlalo engu-P1800 futhi yawina imiklomelo eminingi yokwakhiwa. 1966 - iqala ukukhiqizwa imoto ephephile - Volvo 144. Yasebenzisa ukwakhiwa kwe-dual-circuit brake system, kwasetshenziswa i-cardan gear esiteringini ukuze uma kwenzeka ingozi igoqe futhi ingalimazi umshayeli. 1966 - inguqulo enamandla kakhulu ye-sporty Amazone ivela - 123GT. 1967 - Ukuhlanganiswa kwepiki engu-145 neminyango emibili engu-142S kuqala ezikhungweni zokukhiqiza. 1968 - inkampani yethula imoto entsha kanokusho - Volvo 164. Ngaphansi kwe-hood yemoto, injini ye-horsepower engu-145 isivele ifakiwe, eyavumela imoto ukuba ifinyelele isivinini esiphezulu samakhilomitha angu-145 ngehora. 1971 - Umjikelezo omusha wokukhiqiza okuthengiswa kakhulu uyaqala. Amamodeli amaningi asevele alahlekelwe ukuhambisana kwawo, futhi bekungaseyona inzuzo ukuwathuthukisa. Ngalesi sizathu, inkampani ikhulula i-164E entsha, esebenzisa isistimu yamafutha omjovo. Amandla enjini afinyelela ku-175 horsepower. 1974 - Ukwethulwa kwezinguqulo eziyisithupha ze-240 nezimbili - 260. Esimweni sesibili, kwasetshenziswa injini, ithuthukiswe onjiniyela bezinkampani ezintathu - "Renault", "Peugeot" futhi "Volvo". Naphezu kokubukeka ngendlela engaqondakali, izimoto zithole amamaki aphezulu kakhulu mayelana nezokuphepha. 1976 - inkampani yethula ukuthuthukiswa kwayo, okuklanyelwe ukunciphisa okuqukethwe kwezinto eziyingozi ekuphumeni kwezimoto ngenxa yokushiswa kwekhwalithi embi yengxube ye-air-fuel. Ukuthuthukiswa kwakubizwa ngokuthi i-Lambda probe (ungafunda mayelana nesimiso sokusebenza kwenzwa ye-oxygen ngokwehlukana). Ngokwakhiwa kwenzwa ye-oxygen, inkampani yathola umklomelo ovela enhlanganweni yezemvelo. 1976 - Ngokufanayo, kumenyezelwa iVolvo 343 eyongayo futhi ephephile ngokulingana. 1977 - Inkampani, ngosizo lwesitudiyo sokuklama sase-Italy uBertone, yakha isigqebhezana esihle se-262. 1979 - kanye nokulungiswa okulandelayo kwamamodeli asevele esaziwa, kuvela i-sedan encane engu-345 enenjini engu-70hp. 1980 - i-automaker inquma ukuguqula izinjini ezazikhona ngaleso sikhathi. Kuvela iyunithi ene-turbocharged, efakwe emotweni yabagibeli. 1982 - ukukhiqizwa entsha iqala - Volvo 760. Okuhlukile kwemodeli kwakuwukuthi iyunithi ye-diesel, eyanikezwa njengenketho, ingasheshisa imoto ibe ngamakhulu ngemizuzwana engu-13. Ngaleso sikhathi kwakuyimoto enamandla kunazo zonke enenjini kadizili. Ngo-1984 - Enye into esezingeni eliphakeme ephuma kumkhiqizo waseSweden 740 GLE ikhishwa ngenjini entsha lapho kuncishiswa khona inani lokushayisana kwezingxenye zokukhwelana. 1985 - IGeneva Motor Show ikhombise esinye isithelo somsebenzi ohlanganyelwe wonjiniyela baseSweden nabaqambi base-Italy - i-780, umzimba wayo owadlula eBertone design studio eTurin. 1987 - I-hatchback entsha engu-480 yethulwa nezinhlelo zakamuva zokuphepha, ukumiswa kwangemuva okuzimele, i-sunroof, i-central locking, i-ABS nobunye ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukile. 1988 - Kuvela i-GTL engu-740 yesikhashana. 1990 - I-760 ithathelwe indawo yiVolvo 960, efaka izinga lokuphepha, kuhlanganiswe nenjini enamandla nokudlulisa okusebenzayo. 1991 - I-850 GL yethula ezinye izindlela zokuphepha ezinjengokuvikela umthelela ohlangothini lomshayeli nabagibeli kanye nokubophela kwangaphambili kwamabhande ezihlalo ngaphambi kokushayisana. 1994 - Imodeli enamandla kunazo zonke emlandweni wokukhiqizwa kwemoto yaseSweden ibonakala - 850 T-5R. Ngaphansi kwe-hood yemoto kwakukhona injini ye-turbocharged eyenza amandla angu-250 amahhashi. 1995 - Ngenxa yokubambisana neMitsubishi, imodeli ehlanganiswe eHolland ivela - i-S40 ne-V40. 1996 - inkampani yethula i-C70 convertible. Ukukhiqizwa kochungechunge lwe-850 kuyaphela. Esikhundleni salokho, umthumeli uba imodeli 70 ngemuva kwe-S (sedan) kanye no-V (inqola yesiteshi). 1997 - kuvela uchungechunge lwe-S80 - imoto esezingeni lebhizinisi, efakwe injini ene-turbocharged kanye nohlelo lwamasondo wonke. 2000 - sha ugcwalisa umugqa zikanokusho esiteshini imodeli Cross Country. 2002 - IVolvo iba ngumkhiqizi wama-crossovers namaSUV. I-XC90 yethulwe embukisweni wezimoto iDetroit Auto Show. Ngo-2017, abaphathi bomkhiqizo benza isimemezelo esivusa amadlingozi: umenzi we-automaker uyasuka ekukhiqizeni izimoto ezifakwe kuphela izinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi, futhi ushintshela ekuthuthukisweni kwezimoto zikagesi nama-hybrids.