Umlando wohlobo lwemoto yakwaVolvo

IVolvo izakhele igama njengomenzi wezimoto owakha ukuthembeka okuphezulu izimoto zabagibeli, amaloli nezimoto ezinenjongo ekhethekile. Umkhiqizo uthole imiklomelo eminingi ngokwakhiwa kwezinhlelo zokuphepha zezimoto ezinokwethenjelwa. Ngesinye isikhathi, imoto yalolu hlobo yabonwa njengephephe kunazo zonke emhlabeni.

Yize uphawu belulokhu lukhona njengokuhlukanisa okwehlukile kokukhathazeka okuthile, kubashayeli abaningi kuyinkampani ezimele onobuhle bayo obufanele ukunakwa okukhethekile.

Nayi indaba yalo mkhiqizi wezimoto, manje oseyingxenye yeGeely Holding (sesivele sikhulume ngalo mkhiqizi wezimoto ngaphambili kancane).

Umsunguli

Ngama-1920 e-United States nase-Europe, intshisekelo ekwenziweni kwezinsiza-kusebenza ezikhulayo yakhula cishe ngasikhathi sinye. Ngonyaka wama-23 edolobheni laseSweden iGothenburg, kwenzeka umbukiso wezimoto. Lo mcimbi usebenze njengesikhuthazo ekwandisweni kwezimoto ezizenzele zona, ngenxa yokuthi ezinye izimoto zaqala ukungeniswa ezweni.

Ngonyaka wama-25, cishe amakhophi ayizinkulungwane eziyi-14 nohhafu wezimoto ezivela kubakhiqizi abahlukahlukene ahanjiswa ezweni. Inqubomgomo yezinkampani eziningi ezikhiqiza izimoto kube ukudala izimoto ezintsha ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngasikhathi sinye, abaningi, ngenxa yezinsuku ezibekiwe ezinzima, bayekethisa ngekhwalithi.

ESweden, inkampani yezimboni i-SKF ibilokhu ikhiqiza izingxenye ezinokwethenjelwa kakhulu zezinsiza ezahlukahlukene zemishini isikhathi eside. Isizathu esiyinhloko sokuthandwa kwalezi zingxenye ukuvivinywa okuyimpoqo kwentuthuko ngaphambi kokungena kulayini womhlangano.

Ukuhlinzeka ngemakethe yaseYurophu hhayi ngokukhululeka nje kuphela, kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke izimoto eziphephile neziqinile, inkampani encane yakwaVolvo yadalwa. Ngokusemthethweni, lo mkhiqizo wasungulwa ngo-Ephreli 14.04.1927, XNUMX, lapho kuvela imodeli yokuqala kaJakob.

Uhlobo lwemoto ludingeka ukubonakala kwalo kubaphathi ababili bomkhiqizi wezingxenye zaseSweden. Laba nguGustaf Larson no-Assar Gabrielsson. U-Assar wayeyi-CEO kanti uGustaf wayeyi-CTO yomkhiqizo wezimoto osanda kwenziwa.

UGustaf Larson

Eminyakeni yakhe e-SKF, uGabrielsson wabona inzuzo yemikhiqizo ekhiqizwa yilesi sitshalo kunezinye izinkampani. Lokhu njalo kwamqinisekisa ukuthi iSweden ingaletha izimoto ezifanele ngempela emakethe yomhlaba. Umbono ofanayo wasekelwa ngumsebenzi wakhe, uLarson.

U-Assar Gabrielsson

Ngemuva kokuthi abalingani bakho beqinisekise abaphathi benkampani ngeseluleko sokwakha uhlobo olusha lomkhiqizo, uLarson waqala ukufuna omakhenikha abangochwepheshe, kanti uGabrielsson wenza amasu ezomnotho futhi wenza izibalo zokusebenzisa umbono wabo. Izimoto zokuqala eziyishumi zenziwa ngenxa yokonga komuntu siqu kukaGabrielsson. Lezi zimoto bezihlangene embonini ye-SKF, okuyinkampani ebinesabelo esisha ekuthengisweni kwezimoto ezintsha.

Inkampani yabazali yanikeza inkululeko yokusebenzisa imibono yobunjiniyela kule nkampani, futhi yanikeza nethuba lokuthuthuka komuntu ngamunye. Ngenxa yalokhu, lo mkhiqizo omusha wawunephedi enamandla yokuqalisa, abaningi babo ababengenayo.

Kunezici eziningana ezinikele ekuthuthukisweni ngempumelelo kwenkampani:

1. Inkampani yabazali inikeze imishini yokuqala yokuhlangana kwamamodeli weVolvo;
2. ESweden, amaholo ayephansi uma kuqhathaniswa, okwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukuqasha inani elanele labasebenzi bebhizinisi;
3. Leli lizwe likhiqize insimbi yalo, ebidume umhlaba wonke, okusho ukuthi izinto zokusetshenziswa ezisezingeni eliphakeme zitholakale kumenzi wezimoto omusha ngemali encane;
4. Izwe belidinga uhlobo lwalo lwemoto;
5. Imboni yasungulwa eSweden, okwakwenza kwaba lula ukuthola ongoti ababekwazi ukwenza ngokufanele hhayi nje inhlangano yezokuthutha, kodwa futhi benze nezingxenye zokuphumula zayo.

Isifanekiselo

Ukuze amamodeli womkhiqizi wezimoto omusha abonakale emhlabeni wonke (futhi lokhu bekuyingxenye ebalulekile yecebo lokuthuthukisa lo mkhiqizo), kudingeka i-logo ezokhombisa ukugqama kwenkampani. Igama lesiLatini elithi Volvo lathathwa njengegama lomkhiqizo. Ukuhumusha kwakhe (I roll) kugqame ngokuphelele indawo esemqoka lapho inkampani yabazali yenze kahle khona - ukukhiqizwa kwamabhere ebhola.

ILeiba yavela ngo-1927. Uphawu lwensimbi, olwalusakazeke kakhulu esikweni labantu baseNtshonalanga, lwakhethwa njengomdwebo ohlukile. Wakhonjiswa njengombuthano onomcibisholo okhomba engxenyeni yawo esenyakatho-mpumalanga. Asikho isidingo sokuchaza isikhathi eside ukuthi kungani kwathathwa leso sinqumo, ngoba iSweden inemboni yensimbi ethuthukile, futhi imikhiqizo yayo yathunyelwa cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba.

Ekuqaleni, kwanqunywa ukuthi kufakwe ibheji enkabeni yokungeniswa komoya okuyinhloko. Inkinga kuphela abasiki bengqephu ababhekene nayo kwaba ukungabi bikho kwe-radiator grille okwakungalungiswa kuyo uphawu. I-logo bekufanele ilungiswe ngandlela thile maphakathi nerediyetha. Ukuphela kwendlela yokuphuma kulesi simo bekuwukusebenzisa into eyengeziwe (ebizwa nge-bar). Kwakuwumucu ohlangene, lapho kunamathiselwe khona ibheji, futhi uqobo lwawo lwalungiswe emaphethelweni erediyetha.

Yize izimoto zesimanje zine-grille evikelayo ngokuzenzakalela, umenzi wanquma ukugcina umugqa odwebayo njengenye yezinto ezibalulekile zelogo yezimoto esivele idumile.

Umlando wemoto kumamodeli

Ngakho-ke imodeli yokuqala ephuma kulayini womhlangano weVolvo kwakuyiJakob noma i-OV4. “Izibulo” lenkampani belingekho ezingeni eliphezulu njengoba bekulindelekile. Iqiniso ngukuthi ngenkathi yenqubo yomhlangano omakhenikha bayifaka kabi imoto. Ngemuva kokuxazululwa kwenkinga, imoto ibingakamukelwa ngokubabaza okukhethekile yizethameli. Isizathu ukuthi yayinomzimba ovulekile, futhi ezweni elinesimo sezulu esibi, izimoto ezivaliwe zazisebenza kangcono.

Ngaphansi kwesikhwama semoto kufakwe i-28-horsepower 4-cylinder engine, engahle isheshise imoto ngejubane lama-90 km / h. isici semoto kwakuyi-chassis. Umenzi uthathe isinqumo sokusebenzisa idizayini ekhethekile ezimotweni zokuqala. Isondo ngalinye lalinezipikili zokhuni, futhi usebe lwalo lwalususwa.

Ngaphezu kwamaphutha ekhwalithi yomhlangano nokwakhiwa, inkampani yehlulekile ukwenza imoto ithandwe, njengoba onjiniyela benikele isikhathi esiningi kakhulu ekhwalithi, okwenza ukwakheka kwesimo esilandelayo kuhamba kancane.

Nayi ingqophamlando yenkampani eshiye uphawu lwayo kumodeli yayo.

• 1928 Kuthulwa i-PV4 Special. Le nguqulo enwetshiwe yemoto yangaphambilini, umthengi kuphela onikezwe izinketho zomzimba ezimbili: uphahla lokusonga noma phezulu okuqinile.
• 1928 - Ukukhiqizwa kweloli yohlobo-1 kuqala kukhasethi efanayo neJakob.
• 1929 - ukwethulwa kwenjini yomklamo wayo. Lokhu kuguqulwa kweyunithi yamasilinda ayisithupha kwamukelwa umshini we-PV651 (amasilinda ayisithupha, izihlalo ezi-6, uchungechunge lokuqala).
• 1930 - imoto ekhona yenziwe yesimanje: ithola i-chassis evulekile, ngenxa yokuthi abantu abayi-7 sebevele bahlala ekamelweni. Lezi bekunguVolvo TR671 kanye no-672. Izimoto bezisetshenziswa ngabashayeli bamatekisi, futhi uma ikhabini ligcwele ngokuphelele, umshayeli ubekwazi ukusebenzisa inqola ukulayisha imithwalo yabagibeli.
• 1932 - Imoto ithola okunye ukuthuthukiswa. Ngakho-ke, iyunithi yamandla yaba namandla kakhulu - amalitha angu-3,3, lapho amandla ayo akhula khona afinyelela ku-65 amahhashi. Njengokudlulisa, baqala ukusebenzisa u-gearbox ongu-4-speed esikhundleni se-analog esinejubane elingu-3.
• 1933 - Uhlobo lokunethezeka lwe-P654 luyavela. Imoto wathola ukumiswa kwagcizelela futhi kangcono umsindo ukwahlukanisa. Ngawo lowo nyaka, kwethulwa imoto ekhetheke kakhulu engakaze ifike emgqeni womhlangano ngoba izethameli bezingakulungele ukwakheka okunjalo kwenguquko. Okuvelele kwemodeli ehlanganiswe ngesandla yeVenus Bilo ukuthi yayinezindawo ezinhle ze-aerodynamic. Intuthuko efanayo yasetshenziswa kwezinye izinhlobo zezizukulwane zakamuva.
• 1935 - Le nkampani iyaqhubeka nokuthuthukisa umbono waseMelika wezimoto. Ngakho-ke, kuphuma i-Carioca PV6 enezihlalo eziyisithupha. Ukuqala ngalo modeli, izimoto ziqale ukusebenzisa i-grill radiator grill. Iqoqo lokuqala lezimoto zikanokusho lalinezinyunithi ezingama-36. Ngawo lowo nyaka imoto yomshayeli wetekisi yathola esinye isibuyekezo, futhi injini yaba namandla amakhulu - i-80 hp.
• 1936 - Le nkampani igcizelela ukuthi into yokuqala okufanele ibe kunoma iyiphi imoto ukuphepha, bese kuba induduzo nesitayela. Lo mqondo ubonakala kuwo wonke amamodeli alandelayo. Kuvela isizukulwane esilandelayo se-PV. Kuphela manje imodeli ithola uphawu lwama-51. Lokhu sekuvele kunendawo yokuhlala abantu abahlanu enezitulo ezinhlanu, kodwa ilula kakhulu kunangaphambili, futhi ngasikhathi sinye inamandla amakhulu.
• 1937 - Isizukulwane esilandelayo se-PV (52) sithola izinto ezithile zokududuza: izibuko zelanga, ingilazi evuthayo, izingalo zezingalo ezinyaweni zeminyango, nemihlane yesihlalo esigoqwayo.
• 1938 - Uhla lwe-PV luthola ukulungiswa okusha ngemibala eminingana yasekuqaleni yefektri (burgundy, blue and green). Ukuguqulwa kwama-55 no-56 kune-grille eguquliwe, kanye nokuthuthuka kwangaphambilini kokukhanya. Ngawo lowo nyaka, amabutho amatekisi ayengathenga imodeli evikelwe i-PV801 (umenzi wafaka ukwahlukaniswa kwengilazi okuqinile phakathi kwemigqa yangaphambili nangasemuva). Leli gumbi selingakwazi ukuhlalisa abantu abangu-8, kucatshangelwa umshayeli.
• I-1943-1944 ngenxa yeMpi Yesibili Yomhlaba, inkampani ayikwazi ukukhiqiza izimoto njengokujwayelekile, ngakho-ke ishintshela ekwakhiweni kwemoto yangemva kwempi. Iphrojekthi ihambe kahle kwaholela emotweni yomqondo we-PV444. Ukukhishwa kwayo kuqala ngonyaka wama-44. Le moto yamandla kagesi angama-40 enamandla amancane bekungukuphela kwayo (emlandweni kaVolvo) eyayinokusetshenziswa okuphansi kangako kukaphethiloli. Lokhu kwenza imoto yathandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabashayeli abanothile ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo.
• 1951 - ngemuva kokukhululwa ngempumelelo kokuguqulwa kwe-PV444, inkampani yanquma ukuthuthukisa izimoto zomndeni. Ngasekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-50, iVolvo Duett yehla kulayini womhlangano. Kwakuyi-subcompact efanayo yangaphambilini, umzimba kuphela owashintshelwa izidingo zemindeni emikhulu.
• 1957 - Umkhiqizo waseSweden uqala isu lokunweba lomhlaba jikelele. Futhi umenzi wemoto uthatha isinqumo sokunaka izilaleli nge-Amazone entsha, lapho ukuphepha kwenziwe ngcono. Ikakhulu, bekuyimoto yokuqala ukufakwa ngamabhande ezihlalo amaphoyinti ama-3.
• 1958 - Naphezu kokusebenza kahle kokuthengisa kwemodeli yangaphambilini, umenzi unquma ukuqala esinye isizukulwane se-PV. Le nkampani isiqala ukuzazisa emincintiswaneni yezimoto. Ngakho-ke, iVolvo PV444 ithatha indondo yokuwina i-European Championship ngo-58, iGrand Prix e-Argentina ngawo lowo nyaka, nasemjahweni we-rally waseYurophu esigabeni sabesifazane ngowama-59.
• 1959 - Inkampani ingena emakethe yase-US nge-122S.
• Ngo-1961 - Kwethulwa i-coupe yezemidlalo engu-P1800 futhi yawina imiklomelo eminingi yokwakhiwa.
• 1966 - Ukukhiqizwa komshini ophephile kuqala - iVolvo144. Isebenzise ukwenziwa kohlelo lwamabhuleki anamasekeli amabili, nekholamu lokuqondisa lisetshenzisiwe ukuze kuthi uma kwenzeka ingozi igoqeke ingalimazi umshayeli.
• 1966 - inguqulo enamandla kakhulu ye-sporty Amazone ivela - 123GT.
• 1967 - Ukuhlanganiswa kwepiki engu-145 neminyango emibili engu-142S kuqala ezikhungweni zokukhiqiza.
• Ngo-1968 - inkampani yethula imoto entsha kanokusho - iVolvo 164. Injini enamandla angu-145 yayivele ifakiwe ngaphansi kwesigqoko semoto, eyavumela imoto ukuthi ifinyelele ijubane elikhulu lamakhilomitha ayi-145 ngehora.
• 1971 - Umjikelezo omusha wokukhiqiza okuthengisa kakhulu uqala. Izinhlobo eziningi sezivele zilahlekelwe ukufana kwazo, futhi bekungasenenzuzo ukuyenza ibe yesimanje. Ngalesi sizathu, inkampani ikhipha i-164E entsha, esebenzisa uhlelo lwe-injection fuel. Amandla injini afinyelela 175 amahhashi.
• 1974 - Kwethulwe izinhlobo eziyisithupha zama-240 futhi amabili - 260. Esehlakalweni sesibili, kwasetshenziswa imoto, eyakhiwa onjiniyela abavela ezinkampanini ezintathu - iRenault, iPeugeot neVolvo. Yize zibukeka zintekenteke, izimoto zithole amamaki aphezulu ngokuphepha.
• 1976 - inkampani yethula ukuthuthukiswa kwayo, eklanyelwe ukunciphisa okuqukethwe kwezinto eziyingozi ekuqothulweni kwezimoto ngenxa yokushisa okungabizi kahle kwenhlanganisela yamafutha omoya. Ukuthuthukiswa kwaqanjwa ngegama elithi Lambda probe (ungafunda ngomgomo wokusebenza kwenzwa ye-oxygen ngokwehlukana). Ekwakheni inzwa ye-oxygen, inkampani ithole umklomelo ovela enhlanganweni yezemvelo.
• 1976 - Ngokufanayo, kumenyezelwa iVolvo 343 eyongayo futhi ephephile ngokulingana.
• 1977 - Inkampani, ngosizo lwesitudiyo sokuklama sase-Italy uBertone, yakha isigqebhezana esihle se-262.
• 1979 - kanye nokulungiswa okulandelayo kwamamodeli asevele esaziwa, kuvela i-sedan encane engu-345 enenjini engu-70hp.
• 1980 - umenzi wemoto unquma ukuguqula izinjini ezazikhona ngaleso sikhathi. Iyunithi ene-turbocharged iyavela, efakwe emotweni yomgibeli.
• 1982 - ukukhiqizwa komkhiqizo omusha - iVolvo760 iyaqala. Okuvelele kwesimodeli ukuthi iyunithi yedizili, ebinikezwa njengenketho, ingasheshisa imoto iye eyikhulu ngemizuzwana eyi-13. Ngaleso sikhathi kwakuyimoto enamandla kakhulu enenjini kadizili.
• Ngo-1984 - Enye into esezingeni eliphakeme ephuma kumkhiqizo waseSweden 740 GLE ikhishwa ngenjini entsha lapho kuncishiswa khona inani lokushayisana kwezingxenye zokukhwelana.
• 1985 - IGeneva Motor Show ikhombise esinye isithelo somsebenzi ohlanganyelwe wonjiniyela baseSweden nabaqambi base-Italy - i-780, umzimba wayo owadlula eBertone design studio eTurin.
• 1987 - I-hatchback entsha engu-480 yethulwa nezinhlelo zakamuva zokuphepha, ukumiswa kwangemuva okuzimele, i-sunroof, i-central locking, i-ABS nobunye ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukile.
• 1988 - Kuvela i-GTL engu-740 yesikhashana.
• 1990 - I-760 ithathelwe indawo yiVolvo 960, efaka izinga lokuphepha, kuhlanganiswe nenjini enamandla nokudlulisa okusebenzayo.
• 1991 - I-850 GL yethula ezinye izindlela zokuphepha ezinjengokuvikela umthelela ohlangothini lomshayeli nabagibeli kanye nokubophela kwangaphambili kwamabhande ezihlalo ngaphambi kokushayisana.
• 1994 - Imodeli enamandla kakhulu emlandweni wokukhiqizwa kwemoto yaseSweden ivela - i-850 T-5R. Ngaphansi hood imoto kwaba injini turbocharged athuthukisa 250 amahhashi.
• 1995 - Ngenxa yokubambisana neMitsubishi, imodeli ehlanganiswe eHolland ivela - i-S40 ne-V40.
• 1996 - inkampani yethula i-C70 eshintshwayo. Ukukhiqizwa kochungechunge lwe-850th kuyaphela. Kunalokho, imodeli 70 ngemuva S (sedan) futhi V (esiteshini inqola) kuba elihambayo.
• 1997 - kuvela uchungechunge lwe-S80 - imoto esezingeni lebhizinisi, efakwe injini ene-turbocharged kanye nohlelo lwamasondo wonke.
• 2000 - sha ugcwalisa umugqa zikanokusho esiteshini imodeli Cross Country.
• 2002 - IVolvo iba ngumkhiqizi wama-crossovers namaSUV. IXC90 yethulwe eDetroit Auto Show.

Ngo-2017, abaphathi balo mkhiqizo benza isimemezelo esivusa amadlingozi: i-automaker isuka kude nokwenziwa kwezimoto ezihlome kuphela ngezinjini zangaphakathi zomlilo futhi zishintshela ekwakhiweni kwezimoto zikagesi kanye nenzalo. Muva nje, inkampani yaseSweden iphinde yahlela ukunciphisa isivinini esiphezulu sezimoto zayo phesheya kuya ku-180 km / h ukwenza ngcono ukuphepha emgwaqeni.

Nayi ividiyo emfushane yokuthi kungani izimoto zakwaVolvo zisathathwa njengeziphephe kakhulu:

Kungani iVolvo ithathwa njengenye yezimoto eziphephe kakhulu

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Ubani umnikazi weVolvo? IVolvo Cars ingumkhiqizi wezimoto namaloli waseSweden owasungulwa ngo-1927. Kusukela ngoMashi 2010, inkampani ibiphethwe ngumkhiqizi waseChina iGeely Automobile.

Yenziwa kuphi iVolvo XC90? Ngokuphambene nenkolelo evamile yokuthi amamodeli akwaVolvo ahlanganiswe eNorway, eSwitzerland noma eJalimane, izimboni zaseYurophu zitholakala eTorslanda (Sweden) naseGhent (Belgium).

Lihunyushwa kanjani igama elithi Volvo? Igama lesiLatini elithi "Volvo" lasetshenziswa yi-SRF (uphawu lomzali wenkampani) njengesiqubulo. Kuhunyushwe ngokuthi "ukuphotha, ukuphotha." Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, inketho ethi "roll" yasungulwa.