Toyota

Содержание ОсновательЭмблемаИстория автомобильного бренда в моделях В 1924 изобретатель Сакити Тоёда изобрел станок тормозов модели Тойода G. Isimiso esiyisisekelo sokusebenza sasiwukuthi lapho umshini ungasebenzi, wazimisa. Esikhathini esizayo, i-Toyota yasebenzisa lokhu kusungulwa. Ngo-1929, inkampani yesiNgisi yathenga ilungelo lobunikazi lomshini. Yonke imali yafakwa ekukhiqizeni izimoto zabo. Umsunguli Kamuva, ngo-1929, indodana kaSakita yaqala yaya eYurophu futhi kamuva yaya e-USA ukuze iqonde imigomo yokwakhiwa kwezimoto. Ngo-1933 inkampani yaguqulwa yaba ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto. Izinhloko zezwe laseJapane, lapho zifunda ngokukhiqiza okunjalo, zaqala ukutshala izimali ekuthuthukiseni le mboni. Le nkampani yakhipha injini yayo yokuqala ngo-1934, futhi yasetshenziselwa izimoto ze-class A1, futhi kamuva zasetshenziselwa amaloli. Izinhlobo zokuqala zemoto zakhiqizwa kusukela ngo-1936. Kusukela ngo-1937, iToyota isizimele ngokuphelele futhi ingakhetha indlela yentuthuko ngokwayo. Igama lenkampani nezimoto zabo bekuwukuhlonipha abadali futhi kuzwakala njengeToyoda. Ochwepheshe bezokumaketha baphakamise ukuthi kushintshwe igama libe yiToyota. Ngakho igama lemoto likhunjulwa kangcono. Lapho iMpi Yezwe II iqala, iToyota, njengezinye izinkampani zobuchwepheshe, yaqala ukusiza ngenkuthalo Japan. Okungukuthi, inkampani yaqala ukukhiqiza amaloli akhethekile. Ngenxa yokuthi ngaleso sikhathi izinkampani zazingenazo izinto ezanele zokukhiqiza imishini eminingi, kwenziwa izinguqulo ezilula zezimoto. Kodwa izinga lale mihlangano alizange lehle kulokhu. Kodwa ekupheleni kwempi ngo-1944, ngesikhathi kuqhuma amabhomu eMelika, kwakukhona amabhizinisi namafektri abhujiswa. Kamuva, yonke imboni yakhiwa kabusha. Ngemva kokuphela kwempi waqala ukukhiqiza izimoto zabagibeli. Isidingo sezimoto ezinjalo ngemuva kwempi sasisikhulu kakhulu, futhi inkampani yakha inkampani ehlukile yokukhiqiza lezi zinhlobo. Izimoto zabagibeli zemodeli "SA" zakhiqizwa enyameni kuze kube ngu-1982. Ngaphansi kwe-hood kwakukhona injini engama-cylinder amane. Umzimba wenziwe ngensimbi ngokuphelele. O-gearbox bemishini bebefakwe ngamagiya amathathu. I-1949 ibhekwa njengengaphumeleli kakhulu enkampanini. Kulo nyaka kube nenkinga yezimali ebhizinisini, abasebenzi abakwazanga ukuthola amaholo azinzile. Kwaqala iziteleka eziningi. Uhulumeni waseJapane waphinde wasiza futhi izinkinga zaxazululeka. Ngo-1952, umsunguli kanye nesikhulu esiphezulu senkampani, uKiichiro Toyoda, washona. Isu lokuthuthukisa lashintsha ngokushesha futhi kwabonakala izinguquko ekuphathweni kwenkampani. Izindlalifa Kiichiro Toyoda waqala ukubambisana futhi isakhiwo wezempi futhi wanikeza imoto entsha. Kwakuyi-SUV enkulu. Yayingathengwa yizakhamuzi ezivamile namabutho ahlomile. Imoto yathuthukiswa iminyaka emibili futhi ngo-1954 kwakhululwa iSUV yokuqala evela eJapane kuma-conveyors. Yayibizwa ngeLand Cruiser. Lo modeli awuzange uthande izakhamuzi zaseJapane kuphela, kodwa nakwamanye amazwe. Eminyakeni engu-60 eyalandela, yanikezwa izakhiwo zempi zakwamanye amazwe. Ngesikhathi kulungiswa imodeli kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwayo kokushayela, kwasungulwa imodeli yokushayela wonke amasondo. Lokhu okusha kwafakwa nasezimotweni ezizayo kwaze kwaba ngu-1990. Ngoba cishe wonke umuntu ubefuna ukuthi ayibambe kahle nekhono eliphezulu lokunqamula izwe lemoto ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomgwaqo. I-Emblem Uphawu lwaklanywa ngo-1987. Esisekelweni kukhona ama-oval amathathu. Ama-oval amabili e-perpendicular phakathi nendawo abonisa ubudlelwano phakathi kwenkampani neklayenti. Enye imele uhlamvu lokuqala lwenkampani. Kukhona futhi uhlobo oluthi uphawu lweToyota lufanekisela inaliti nentambo, inkumbulo yesikhathi esedlule sokwaluka. Umlando wohlobo lwemoto kumamodeli Le nkampani ayizange ime futhi yazama ukukhiqiza izinhlobo zezimoto ezintsha. Ngakho ngo-1956 kwazalwa iToyota Crown. Yayifakwe injini enamandla angu-1.5 amalitha. Umshayeli wayenamandla angu-60 kanye ne-manual transmission. Ukukhishwa kwalesi modeli kwaba yimpumelelo enkulu, kanti namanye amazwe ayeyifuna le moto. Kodwa ukulethwa okuningi bekuse-USA. Manje sekuyisikhathi semoto eyongayo yesigaba esiphakathi. Le nkampani ikhiphe iToyota Publica. Ngenxa yezindleko eziphansi nokuthembeka okuhle, izimoto zaqala ukudayiswa ngempumelelo engakaze ibonwe. Futhi kuze kube ngu-1962, inani lezimoto ezidayisiwe lalingaphezu kwesigidi esisodwa. Abaholi bakwa Toyota bebenethemba elikhulu ngezimoto zabo, okungukuthi bafuna ukwazisa izimoto zabo emazweni angaphandle. Inkampani edayisa izimoto iToyopet yasungulwa, edayisa izimoto kwamanye amazwe. Enye yezimoto ezinjalo zokuqala kwakuyiToyota Crown. Amazwe amaningi ayithanda kakhulu imoto, futhi iToyota yaqala ukwanda. Futhi kakade ngo-1963, imoto yokuqala eyenziwe ngaphandle kweJapane yaphuma ekukhiqizeni e-Australia. Imodeli entsha elandelayo kube yiToyota Corolla. Le moto ibidonsa ngamasondo angemuva, injini engu-1.1 litre no-gearbox ofanayo. Ngenxa yomthamo wayo omncane, imoto yayidinga uphethiloli omncane. Le moto yadalwa ngesikhathi umhlaba ubhekene nenkinga ngenxa yokuntuleka kukaphethiloli. Ngokushesha ngemva kokukhishwa kwale modeli, kukhishwa enye imodeli ebizwa ngokuthi i-Celica. E-United States naseCanada, lezi zimoto zasakazeka ngokushesha okukhulu. Isizathu salokhu kwakuwusayizi wenjini encane, njengoba zonke izimoto zaseMelika zazidla kakhulu uphethiloli. Ngesikhathi senhlekelele, lesi sici sasisendaweni yokuqala lapho ukhetha ukuthenga imoto. Kuvulwa amabhizinisi amahlanu okukhiqiza lolu hlobo lweToyota e-United States. Inkampani ibifuna ukuqhubeka nokuthuthukisa nokuthuthuka futhi ikhiphe iToyota Camry. Kwakuyimoto yekilasi lebhizinisi labantu baseMelika. Ngaphakathi bekuyisikhumba ngokuphelele, iphaneli yemoto ibinomklamo omusha kakhulu, i-gearbox eshintshwayo enamagiya amane nezinjini ezingu-1.5 litre. Kodwa le mizamo yayinganele ukuncintisana nezimoto zesigaba esifanayo, okuyiDodge neCadillac. Le nkampani itshale amaphesenti angama-80 emali engenayo ekuthuthukiseni imodeli yayo ye-Kemry. Ngokuqhubekayo ngo-1988, isizukulwane sesibili siphumela eNkosini. Lawa mamodeli athengiswa kahle eYurophu. Futhi kakade ngo-1989, izitshalo ezimbalwa zokukhiqiza izimoto zavulwa eSpain. Le nkampani nayo ayizange ikhohlwe ngeSUV yayo futhi kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-1890 ikhiphe isizukulwane esisha seLand Cruiser. Ngemuva kwenhlekelele encane ebangelwa umnikelo cishe wayo yonke imali engenayo ekilasini lebhizinisi, ngemva kokuhlaziya amaphutha ayo, inkampani idala uhlobo lwe-Lexus. Ngenxa yale nkampani, iToyota ithole ithuba lokudlula imakethe yaseMelika. Baphinde baba amamodeli adumile isikhathi eside. Imikhiqizo efana ne-Infiniti ne-Acura nayo yavela emakethe ngaleso sikhathi. Futhi kwakungalezi zinkampani lapho iToyota yayiqhudelana khona ngaleso sikhathi. Ngenxa yedizayini yayo ecwengisiswe kakhulu kanye nekhwalithi enhle, ukuthengiswa kukhuphuke ngamaphesenti angama-40. Kamuva, ekuqaleni kwawo-1990, Toyota Design wadalwa ukuthuthukisa imiklamo izimoto zabo, futhi kwaba ezifuywayo. IRav 4 isungule uhlobo olusha lweToyota. Zonke izitayela ezintsha zaleyo minyaka zazifakwe lapho. Amandla emoto ayengama-135 noma angu-178. Umthengisi uphinde wanikela ngemizimba emincane ehlukahlukene. Nakulolu hlobo lweToyota bekukwazi ukuzishintsha amagiya. Kodwa umshini omdala oshintshwayo ubutholakala nakwamanye ama-trim level. Ngokushesha, imoto entsha yeToyota yathuthukiswa kubantu base-US. Bekuyiveni elincane. Kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-2000, inkampani yanquma ukwenza isibuyekezo sawo wonke amamodeli ayo amanje. ISedan Avensis neToyota Land Cruiser izimoto ezintsha zakwaToyota. Okokuqala kwaba injini kaphethiloli enamandla 110-128 amabutho kanye umthamo 1.8 futhi 2.0 amalitha, ngokulandelana. ILand Cruiser inikeze ama-trim amabili. Eyokuqala inenjini engu-six-cylinder enamandla angu-215, umthamo ongu-4,5 amalitha. Eyesibili injini engu-4,7 litre enamandla angu-230 kanti bese kunamasilinda ayisishiyagalombili. Ukuthi eyokuqala, ukuthi imodeli yesibili yayinokushayela wonke amasondo kanye nohlaka. Esikhathini esizayo, izinkampani zaqala ukwakha zonke izimoto zabo kusukela yesikhulumi efanayo. Lokhu kwenze kwaba lula kakhulu ukukhetha izingxenye, ukunciphisa izindleko zokulungisa, nokwandisa ukwethembeka. Zonke izinkampani zezimoto azizange zime, futhi ngayinye yazama ukuthuthukisa nokwandisa umkhiqizo wayo ngandlela-thile. Ngaleso sikhathi, njengamanje, umjaho weFormula 1 wawudumile. Emijahweni enjalo, ngenxa yokunqoba nokubamba iqhaza nje, bekulula ukwenza umkhiqizo wakho waziwe. KwaToyota baqala ukuklama nokwakha imoto yabo. Kodwa ngenxa yokuthi phambilini le nkampani yayingenalo ulwazi lokwakha izimoto ezinjalo, ukwakhiwa kwabambezeleka. Kuphela ngo-2002, inkampani yakwazi ukwethula imoto yayo emijahweni. Ukubamba iqhaza kokuqala emiqhudelwaneni akuzange kulethe impumelelo oyifunayo eqenjini. Kunqunywe ukuvuselela ngokuphelele ithimba lonke nokudala imoto entsha. Abagijimi abavelele u-Jarno Trulli no-Ralf Schumacher bamenywe eqenjini. Futhi ochwepheshe baseJalimane baqashwa ukusiza ukudala imoto. Intuthuko yabonakala ngokushesha, kodwa ukunqoba okungenani emjahweni owodwa akutholakalanga. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuphawula okuhle okwakukhona eqenjini. Ngo-2007, izimoto zakwaToyota zazibhekwa njengezivame kakhulu emakethe. Ngaleso sikhathi, amasheya enkampani akhuphuka kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili. IToyota yayisemilonyeni yawo wonke umuntu. Kodwa isu lentuthuko kuFormula 1 alisebenzanga. Isizinda seqembu sidayiselwe iLexus. Ithrekhi yokuhlola nayo yathengiswa kubo. Eminyakeni emine ezayo, inkampani ikhiphe isibuyekezo esisha kuhlelo. Kodwa okuhle kakhulu kwakuwukuvuselelwa kwemodeli yeLand Cruiser. ILand Cruiser 200 isiyatholakala. Le moto isohlwini lwezimoto ezihamba phambili ezake zaba khona. Iminyaka emibili ilandelana, iLand Cruiser 200 bekuyimoto edayiswa kakhulu ekilasini layo e-United States of America, Russia, nase-Europe. Ngo-2010, inkampani yaqala ukuthuthukisa izinjini hybrid. IToyota ithathwa njengenye yezinkampani zokuqala ezisebenza ngalobu buchwepheshe. Futhi ngokwezindaba zenkampani, ngo-2026 bafuna ukuguqula ngokuphelele zonke izinhlobo zabo zibe izinjini ezixubile. Lobu buchwepheshe buzosiza ukulahla ngokuphelele ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli njengophethiloli. Kusukela ngo-2012, iToyota isiqalile ukwakha izimboni zayo eChina. Ngenxa yalokhu, ngo-2018 umthamo wezimoto ezikhiqizwayo uphindwe kabili. Abakhiqizi abaningi bezinye izinhlobo baqala ukuthenga ukufakwa kwe-hybrid kusuka kwaToyota futhi bakwethule kumamodeli abo amasha. KwaToyota babenezimoto zezemidlalo ezidonsa ngemuva. Enye yazo bekuyiToyota GT86. Njengenhlalayenza, yonke into yayihamba kahle. Injini yanikezwa ngokusekelwe emisha emisha ene-turbine, ivolumu yayiyi-2.0 amalitha, amandla ale moto ayengama-210 amabutho. Ngo-2014, iRav4 yathola ukuthuthukiswa okusha ngenjini kagesi. Ngokushajwa kwebhethri eyodwa, bekungenzeka ukushayela amakhilomitha angama-390. Kodwa le nombolo ingase ishintshe kuye ngesitayela sokushayela somshayeli. Enye yezinhlobo ezinhle nayo kufanelekile ukugqamisa iToyota Yaris Hybrid. Lena i-hatchback edonsa ngamasondo angaphambili enamandla enjini engu-1.5 litres namandla angu-75 horsepower. Umgomo wokusebenza kwenjini eyi-hybrid ukuthi sinenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi efakiwe kanye nenjini kagesi. Futhi injini kagesi iqala ukusebenza ngophethiloli. Ngakho-ke, sinikeza ukusetshenziswa okuphansi kukaphethiloli futhi sinciphise inani lamagesi okukhipha umoya emoyeni.  Embukisweni wezimoto iGeneva Motor Show ngo-2015, iToyota Auris Touring Sports Hybrid yathatha indawo yokuqala esigabeni senqola eyonga kakhulu esigabeni sayo. Isuselwa enjinini engu-1.5 litre kaphethroli enamandla angu-120 amahhashi. Futhi injini ngokwayo isebenza kubuchwepheshe be-Atkinson. Ngokusho komkhiqizi, ukusetshenziswa okuncane ngamakhilomitha ayikhulu kungama-3.5 amalitha. Ucwaningo lwenziwa ngaphansi kwezimo zaselabhorethri ngokuhambisana nazo zonke izici ezivumayo kakhulu.