Umlando wohlobo lwemoto yakwaToyota

Ngo-1924, umsunguli uSakichi Toyoda wasungula imodeli yamabhuleki iToyoda G. Isisekelo sokusebenza kwaba ukuthi lapho umshini unephutha, uzimisa ngokwawo. Ngokuzayo, kwaToyota basebenzise lo mklamo. Ngo-1929 inkampani yamaNgisi yathenga ilungelo lobunikazi lomshini. Yonke imali esetshenzisiwe isetshenziselwe ukwenza izimoto zabo.

Umsunguli

 Kamuva ngo-1929, indodana kaSakita yaqala yaya eYurophu futhi kamuva yaya e-United States iyoqonda imigomo yemboni yezimoto. Ngo-1933 inkampani yaguqulwa yaba umkhiqizo wezimoto. Izinhloko zezwe laseJapan, sezifundile ngalokhu kukhiqizwa, zaqala nokutshala imali ekuthuthukiseni le mboni. Le nkampani yakhipha injini yayo yokuqala ngo-1934, futhi yayisetshenziselwa izimoto zohlobo lwe-A1, futhi kamuva ngamaloli. Izinhlobo zokuqala zemoto zakhiwe kusukela ngo-1936. Kusukela ngo-1937, iToyota isiyazimela ngokuphelele futhi ingakhetha indlela yentuthuko uqobo lwayo. Igama lenkampani nezimoto zabo bekuhlonishwa abasunguli nemisindo efana neToyoda. Ongoti bezokukhangisa baphakamise ukuthi igama liguqulwe libe iToyota. Lokhu kwenza igama lemoto likhumbuleke kalula. Lapho kuqala iMpi Yezwe II, iToyota, njengezinye izinkampani zobuchwepheshe, yaqala ukusiza iJapan. Okungukuthi, inkampani yaqala ukukhiqiza amaloli akhethekile. Ngenxa yokuthi ngaleso sikhathi izinkampani zazingenazo izinto ezanele zokukhiqiza iningi lemishini, kwenziwa izinhlobo zezimoto ezenziwe lula. Kepha ikhwalithi yale mihlangano ayizange yehle kulokhu. Kodwa ekupheleni kwempi ngo-1944, iMelika yaqhunyiswa ngamabhomu amafektri namafektri abhujiswa. Kamuva, yonke le mboni yakhiwa kabusha. Ngemuva kokuphela kwempi, ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto zabagibeli kwaqala. Isidingo sezimoto ezinjalo ngemuva kwempi sasiphezulu kakhulu, futhi inkampani yakha ibhizinisi elihlukile lokukhiqizwa kwalezi zinhlobo. Izimoto zabagibeli bemodeli "SA" zakhiqizwa enyameni kwaze kwaba ngo-1982. Ngaphansi hood efakwe injini eyisilinda ezine. Umzimba wawenziwe ngensimbi ngokuphelele. Kufakwe ama-manual transmission amajubane amathathu. U-1949 awuthathwa njengonyaka ophumelele kakhulu enkampanini. Kulo nyaka kube nenkinga yezezimali ebhizinisini, futhi abasebenzi abakwazanga ukuthola umholo ozinzile. 

Kwaqala iziteleka ezinkulu. Uhulumeni waseJapan wasiza futhi futhi izinkinga zaxazululwa. Ngo-1952, umsunguli nesikhulu esiphezulu kule nkampani, uKiichiro Toyoda, washona. Isu lokuthuthuka lashintsha ngokushesha futhi izinguquko ekuphathweni kwenkampani zabonakala. Izindlalifa zeKiichiro Toyoda zaqala ukusebenzisana nohlaka lwezempi futhi zaphakamisa imoto entsha. KwakuyiSUV enkulu. Womabili amabutho avamile omphakathi namasosha angayithenga. Imoto yathuthukiswa iminyaka emibili kwathi ngo-1954 yakhululwa emgqeni womhlangano ngo-60. Yayibizwa ngeLand Cruiser. Le modeli ayithandi izakhamuzi zaseJapan kuphela, kodwa namanye amazwe. Eminyakeni engama-1990 eyalandela yanikezwa izinhlaka zamasosha zamanye amazwe. Ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kwemodeli nokwenza ngcono izici zayo zokushayela, kwasungulwa imodeli yamasondo onke. Lokhu kusungulwa kwafakwa ezimotweni ezizayo kwaze kwaba ngo-XNUMX. Ngoba cishe wonke umuntu wayefuna ukuthi abambe kahle futhi abe namandla aphezulu emoto ezinqoleni ezihlukene zomgwaqo. 

Isifanekiselo

Isibonakaliso sakhiwa ngo-1987. Kukhona ama-ovals amathathu esisekelweni. Ama-ovals amabili acishe abe maphakathi abonisa ubudlelwane phakathi kwenkampani nekhasimende. Enye imele uhlamvu lokuqala lwenkampani. Kukhona futhi uhlobo oluthi uphawu lweToyota lufanekisela inaliti nentambo, inkumbulo yokweluka okwedlule kwenkampani.

Umlando womkhiqizo wezimoto kumamodeli

Le nkampani ayizange ime futhi izame ukukhipha izinhlobo eziningi zezimoto ezintsha. Ngakho-ke ngo-1956 iToyota Crown yazalwa. Kwafakwa injini enomthamo wamalitha angu-1.5. Umshayeli wayenamandla akhe angama-60 futhi enokudlulisela ngesandla. Ukukhiqizwa kwale modeli kube yimpumelelo enkulu kanti namanye amazwe bebeyifuna le moto. Kepha ukulethwa okuningi bekuse-USA. Manje sesifikile isikhathi semoto eyongayo esezingeni eliphakathi. Inkampani ikhiphe imodeli yakwaToyota Public. Ngenxa yezindleko zabo eziphansi nokwethembeka okuhle, izimoto zaqala ukuthengiswa ngempumelelo engakaze ibonwe. Futhi kuze kube ngu-1962, inani lezimoto ezithengisiwe belingaphezu kwesigidi esisodwa.

Abaphathi beToyota babenethemba elikhulu ngezimoto zabo, futhi babefuna ukwenza izimoto zabo zande emazweni aphesheya. Indawo yokuthengisa yaseToyopet yasungulelwa ukuthengisa izimoto kwamanye amazwe. Enye yezimoto ezinjalo zokuqala yiToyota Crown. Amazwe amaningi ayithandile imoto futhi iToyota yaqala ukunweba. Futhi ngo-1963, imoto yokuqala eyenziwe ngaphandle kweJapane yaphuma ekukhiqizeni e-Australia.

Imodeli entsha elandelayo kube yiToyota Corolla. Le moto ibihamba ngamasondo angemuva, injini engu-1.1 litre no-gearbox ofanayo. Ngenxa yobuningi bayo, imoto ibidinga uphethiloli omncane. Imoto idalwe ngesikhathi umhlaba usenkingeni ngenxa yokushoda kukaphethiloli. Ngokushesha ngemuva kokukhishwa kwale modeli, kukhishwa enye imodeli ebizwa ngokuthi uCelica. E-USA naseCanada, lezi zimoto zisakazeka ngokushesha okukhulu. Isizathu salokhu bekungumthamo omncane wenjini njengoba zonke izimoto zaseMelika bezinokusetshenziswa okuphezulu kakhulu kukaphethiloli. Ngesikhathi senkinga, lesi sici sasikhona kuqala lapho sikhetha ukuthenga imoto. Amafemu amahlanu okukhiqizwa kwalolu hlobo lweToyota avulwa e-United States. Le nkampani ibifuna ukuqhubeka nokuthuthuka futhi ithuthuke futhi ikhiqize iToyota Camry. Kwakuyimoto esezingeni lebhizinisi yabantu baseMelika. Ngaphakathi bekuyisikhumba ngokuphelele, iphaneli lemoto belinomklamo omusha kakhulu, u-gearbox oshintshwayo odonsa ngamagiya amane kanye nezinjini eziyi-1.5 litre. Kepha le mizamo ibinganele ukuncintisana nezimoto zesigaba esifanayo, okuyiDodge neCadillac. Le nkampani yatshala amaphesenti angama-80 emali engenayo ekuthuthukiseni imodeli yayo yeKemri. 

Kwathi ngo-1988, kwaphuma isizukulwane sesibili sikaKorola. Lezi zinhlobo zathengiswa kahle eYurophu. Futhi vele ngo-1989, kwavulwa izikhungo ezimbalwa zokukhiqiza izimoto eSpain. Le nkampani nayo ayizange ikhohlwe nge-SUV yayo futhi kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-1890 ikhipha isizukulwane esisha seLand Cruiser. Ngemuva kwenkinga yayo encane edalwe umnikelo cishe wayo yonke imali ekilasini lebhizinisi, ngemuva kokuhlaziya amaphutha ayo, inkampani idala uphawu lweLexus. Ngenxa yale nkampani, iToyota ithole ithuba lokushaya emakethe yaseMelika. Baphinde baba amamodeli athandwayo lapho isikhashana. Ngaleso sikhathi, imikhiqizo efana ne-Infiniti ne-Acura nayo yavela emakethe. Futhi kwakukulezi zinkampani lapho iToyota yayincintisana ngaleso sikhathi. Ngenxa yokwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi nekhwalithi enhle, ukuthengisa kukhuphuke ngamaphesenti angama-40. Kamuva, ekuqaleni kwawo-1990, iToyota Design yadalelwa ukuthuthukisa ukwakheka kwezimoto zayo, futhi kwakungeyasekhaya. URav 4 uvule indlela entsha yakwaToyota. Yonke imikhuba emisha yaleyo minyaka yayihlanganiswe lapho. Amandla emoto kwakungamandla ayi-135 noma ayi-178. Umthengisi uphinde wanikela ngezinhlobo ezincane zemizimba. Futhi kule modeli yakwaToyota bekukhona ukukwazi ukushintsha amagiya ngokuzenzakalela. Kodwa ukudluliswa okudala okwenziwe ngesandla kwakutholakala nakwamanye amazinga okuncipha. Ngokushesha, imoto entsha ngokuphelele yenziwa iToyota kubantu baseMelika. KwakuyiMinivan.

Ekupheleni kuka-2000, inkampani yanquma ukwenza isibuyekezo sazo zonke izinhlobo zayo zamanje. ISedan Avensis neToyota Land Cruiser baba yizimoto ezintsha zikaTayota. Eyokuqala kwakuyinjini kaphethiloli enamandla angu-110-128 kanye nomthamo wokulinganisa ongu-1.8 no-2.0 litres, ngokulandelana. ILand Cruiser inikele ngamazinga amathathu wokuncipha. Eyokuqala iyinjini eyisilinda eyisithupha enomthamo wamandla angu-215, umthamo ongu-4,5 litres. Eyesibili injini engu-4,7 litre enamandla angu-230 kanti besekuvele kukhona amasilinda ayisishiyagalombili. Ukuthi owokuqala, ukuthi imodeli yesibili yayine-wheel drive ezine nohlaka. Ngokuzayo, inkampani yaqala ukwakha zonke izimoto zayo kusuka epulatifomu efanayo. Lokhu kwenze kwaba lula kakhulu ukukhetha izingxenye, izindleko eziphansi zokulungisa kanye nokuthembeka okuthuthukile.    

Zonke izinkampani zezimoto azimanga, futhi ngayinye izamile ngandlela thile ukuthuthukisa nokwandisa umkhiqizo wayo. Lapho-ke, njengamanje, izinhlanga zeFomula 1 bezidumile.Njalo emijahweni enjalo, ngenxa yokunqoba nokubamba iqhaza kalula, bekulula ukwazisa umkhiqizo wakho. AbakwaToyota baqala ukuzakhela nokwakha imoto yabo. Kepha ngenxa yokuthi esikhathini esedlule le nkampani ibingenalo ulwazi lokwakha izimoto ezinjalo, ukwakhiwa kubambezelekile. Kwakungu-2002 kuphela lapho inkampani yakwazi ukwethula khona imoto yayo yomjaho. Ukubamba iqhaza kokuqala emncintiswaneni akuzange kulethele iqembu impumelelo oyifunayo. Kuthathwe isinqumo sokuvuselela ngokuphelele lonke iqembu nokwakha imoto entsha. Abagijimi abaqavile oJarno Trulli noRalf Schumacher bamenyiwe eqenjini. Futhi kwaqashwa ongoti baseGerman ukuthi bazosiza ekwakheni le moto. Intuthuko ibonakale ngokushesha, kepha ukunqoba okungenani komunye wemijaho akuzange kutholakale. Kepha kubalulekile ukuqaphela okuhle obekuleli qembu. Ngo-2007, kwaqashelwa izimoto zakwaToyota njengezithandwa kakhulu emakethe. Ngaleso sikhathi, amasheya enkampani akhuphuka kakhulu njengakuqala. IToyota yayisezindebeni zawo wonke umuntu. Kepha isu lokuthuthuka kuFormula 1 alisebenzanga. Isizinda seqembu sathengiselwa iLexus. Ithrekhi yokuhlola nayo yathengiselwa yena.

Eminyakeni emine ezayo, inkampani ikhipha isibuyekezo esisha kulayini. Kepha ingxenye engcono kakhulu ukubuyekezwa kweLand Cruiser. I-Land Cruiser 200 isiyatholakala manje.Le moto isohlwini lwezimoto ezihamba phambili kunazo zonke. Kwaphela iminyaka emibili ilandelana, iLand Cruiser 200 kwakuyimoto edayiswa kakhulu ekilasini layo e-United States of America, Russia nase-Europe. Ngo-2010, inkampani yaqala ukwakha izinjini ze-hybrid. IToyota ithathwa njengenye yama-franchise okuqala ukusebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe. Futhi ngokusho kwezindaba zenkampani, ngo-2026 bafuna ukudlulisa ngokuphelele wonke amamodeli abo ezinjinini ezixutshiwe. Lobu buchwepheshe buzosiza ukuqeda ngokuphelele ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli njengophethiloli. Kusukela ngo-2012, iToyota isiqalile ukwakha amafemu eChina. Ngenxa yalokhu, ivolumu yezimoto ezikhiqizwayo iphindwe kabili ngonyaka we-2018. Eminye imikhiqizo eminingi yabakhiqizi isiqalile ukuthenga ukusethwa okuhlanganisiwe kwaToyota futhi bakufaka kumamodeli abo amasha.

IToyota ibinezimoto ezishayela ngamasondo angemuva. Enye yazo kwakuyiToyota GT86. Ngokuya ngezici, njengokujwayelekile, konke bekukuhle kakhulu. Injini esuselwe emisha emisha ene-turbine yanikezwa, ivolumu yayingu-2.0 litres, amandla ale moto kwakungamandla ayi-210. Ngo-2014, iRav4 yathola isibuyekezo esisha esinenjini kagesi. Inkokhelo eyodwa yebhethri ibingahamba ibanga elingafika kumakhilomitha angama-390. Kepha le nombolo ingashintsha kuye ngesitayela sokushayela somshayeli. Enye yamamodeli amahle kufanelekile ukugqanyiswa IToyota Yaris Hybrid. Yi-hatchback edonsa ngamasondo angaphambili enenjini engu-1.5 litre namandla angu-75 amahhashi. Umgomo wokusebenza kwenjini eyi-hybrid ukuthi sinenjini efakwe ngaphakathi yomlilo kanye nenjini kagesi. Futhi imoto kagesi iqala ukusebenzisa uphethiloli. Ngakho-ke, sinikezela ngokusetshenziswa okuncane kwephethiloli futhi sinciphise inani lamagesi wokukhipha emoyeni.

 Embukisweni Wezimoto waseGeneva ka-2015, ngemuva kwenguqulo ebuyiselwe kabusha yeToyota Auris Touring Sports Hybrid, yathatha indawo yokuqala esigabeni sezinqola zesiteshi esonga kakhulu esigabeni sayo. Kususelwa enjini kaphethroli enomthamo wamalitha angu-1.5 namandla angu-120 amahhashi. Futhi injini uqobo isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-Atkinson. Ngokusho komkhiqizi, ukusetshenziswa okungenani kukaphethiloli ngamakhilomitha ayikhulu kungu-3.5 litres. Izifundo zenziwa ezimweni zaselabhorethri kugcinwa zonke izici ezinhle kakhulu.

Ngenxa yalokhu, iToyota isalokhu ihamba phambili embonini yezimoto kuze kube namuhla ngenxa yezimoto zayo ezisezingeni eliphakeme, kulula ukuyilungisa nokuhlangana, hhayi amathegi entengo aphezulu kakhulu.