Mercedes

Umlando womkhiqizo odumile womhlaba uqale ukusungulwa ngenxa yokuhlelwa kabusha kwezinkampani ezimbili zaseJalimane. Ebuyela emuva kancane emlandweni, umsunguli waseJalimane uBenz wanikezwa imvume ngenzalo yakhe, eyaletha udumo emhlabeni wonke futhi yenza uguquko embonini yezimoto - imoto yokuqala eneyunithi yamandla kaphethiloli. Ngawo lowo nyaka, enye iphrojekthi yasungulwa omunye unjiniyela waseJalimane, uGottlieb Daimler noWilhelm Maybach, lena kwakuyiphrojekthi yokwakha injini. Bobabili abasunguli bakha izinkampani: iBenz - enegama elithi Benz & Cie ngo-1883 eMannheim, kanye noDaimler - enophawu lokuthengisa uDaimler Motoren Gesellchaft (isifinyezo se-DMG) ngo-1890. Bobabili bathuthuka ngokuhambisana futhi ngo-1901, ngaphansi kohlobo oludalwe "Mercedes", imoto yakhiqizwa nguDaimler. Umkhiqizo odumile waqanjwa ngesicelo sosomabhizinisi ocebile u-Emil Jellinek ngokuhlonipha igama lendodakazi yakhe, owayengummeleli we-DMG eFrance. Lo muntu wayengumtshali-zimali enkampanini, okwakudingeka afakwe ebhodini labaqondisi, futhi athole ilungelo lokuthumela izimoto kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu. Imoto yokuqala kwakuyiMercedes 35hp eyaziwayo eyenzelwe umjaho. Imoto ingafinyelela isivinini esingafika ku-75 km / h, okwakubhekwa njengento emangalisayo ngaleyo minyaka, injini ye-cylinder ephethe umthamo wama-cubic metres angu-5914. cm, futhi isisindo somshini asidluli 900 kg. UMaybach wasebenza engxenyeni yokuklama yemodeli. Enye yezimoto zokuqala ezikhiqiziwe kwaba ukugijima futhi yaklanywa nguMaybach. I-Jellinek yayilawula inqubo ngaphakathi nangaphandle. BekuyiMercedes Simplex 40px yodumo, ebigijima futhi yenza abantu abaningi bahlabeke umxhwele. Ephefumulelwe ngalokhu, uJellinek wamemezela ngesibindi ukuthi lokhu kwakuyisiqalo senkathi ye-Mercedes. Umqondo wentuthuko kaMaybach, ngemuva kokuphuma kwakhe enkampanini, uqhubeke nokukhiqiza izimoto zomjaho kwaze kwaba iMpi Yezwe Yokuqala futhi yathathwa njengehamba phambili, ake siqale ngezimoto emijahweni. Ngo-1926 wenza intuthuko ngokuhlelwa kabusha kwamafemu asungulwa ngonjiniyela bakwaDaimler-Benz AG. Umholi wokuqala wokukhathazeka kwakunguFerdinand Porsche owaziwayo. Ngosizo lwakhe, iphrojekthi eyaqalwa nguDaimler yokwakha i-compressor yokwandisa amandla enjini yaqedwa. Izimoto ezikhiqizwe ngenxa yokuhlangana kwalezi zinkampani zombili zabizwa ngeMercedes-Benz ukuhlonipha uKarl Benz. Le nkampani yathuthukiswa ngejubane lombani, futhi ngaphandle kwezimoto, izingxenye zezindiza nezikebhe zakhiqizwa. Omunye unjiniyela odumile uthathe izintambo ePorsche njengoba ethathe isinqumo sokushiya le femu. Le nkampani igxile kakhulu ezimotweni zomjaho. Phakathi nenkathi yobushiqela, eJalimane kwabusa uMercedes nge-swastika. Le nkampani iphinde yakhiqizela uhulumeni izimoto zikanokusho. I-Mercedes-Benz 630, lokhu okuguqulwayo, kwakuyimoto yokuqala kaHitler. Futhi abaphezulu beReichstag bancamela "izimoto ezinkulu" iMercedes-Benz 770K. Ifemu ibuye yasebenza ngoku-oda kwophiko lwezempi, ikakhulukazi izimoto zamasosha, amaloli nezimoto. Impi yashiya uphawu olukhulu ekukhiqizeni, cishe ngokuphelele ukunqoba izimboni, ukwakhiwa kabusha kwathatha isikhathi esiningi nomzamo. Futhi kakade ngo-1946, umfutho wawudlondlobala ngamandla avuselelwe kanye nama-compact sedans ane-displacement encane kanye namayunithi amandla angu-38-horsepower akhululwa. Izimoto zikanokusho ezakhiwe ngesandla ze-Elite zaqala ukukhiqizwa kwazo ngemva kweminyaka yama-50s. Ama-limousine anjalo avame ukuthuthukiswa. Ukuthunyelwa kwezimoto emazweni e-USSR kwakuyizimoto zabagibeli ezingama-604, amaloli angama-20 namabhasi ayi-7. Le nkampani iphinde yavuselela ubizo lokunethezeka umkhakha wezimoto waseJapan ongakwazanga ngisho ukuwususa kusukela eminyakeni yama-80s, ukuwucindezela nje kancane emisebenzini yezimakethe. Le nkampani ikhiqize izimoto zomgwaqo nezemidlalo. IMercedes-Benz W196, njengemoto yezemidlalo esithole imiklomelo eminingi yemiklomelo, yayeka ukuba umholi wemijaho ngemva kwenhlekelele ehambisana nokushona komgijimi odumile uPierre Levegh. Ukuphela kweminyaka yama-50s kubonakala ngokuphumelela kwamamodeli avelele anemininingwane yezakhi zokwakheka komzimba. Ubuhle bemigqa, ingaphakathi elibanzi kanye nezinye izici eziningi ezibizwa ngokuthi "ama-fins" lawa mamodeli, ayebolekwe ezimotweni zezinkampani zaseMelika. Kungashicilelwa ivolumu yonke ukufaka ohlwini lwazo zonke izinhlobo zenkampani ngokuningiliziwe. Ngo-1999, inkampani yathola inkampani yokuhlelela i-AMG. Lokhu kutholwa kudlale indima enkulu njengoba ifemu ibisebenza nezimoto zemidlalo ezihlonishwayo. Inkathi yekhulu elisha ibonakala ngokufaka amakilasi ezigabeni. I-tandem ehlangene yayikhona kuze kube yi-1998, isikhathi esiningi kangaka sokuphila sasivela kuphela kule nhlangano. Kuze kube namuhla, inkampani idizayina umkhiqizo onobungani bemvelo obuzoduma hhayi nje ngokunethezeka kuphela, kodwa nangokunakekela imvelo emhlabeni, engesinye sezihloko eziseqhulwini emhlabeni wanamuhla. IMercedes-Benz isalokhu ihamba phambili embonini yezimoto. Abasunguli Kusukela kulokhu okungenhla, siphetha ngokuthi abasunguli benkampani “babengabathathu bonjiniyela abakhulu”: uKarl Benz, uGottlieb Daimler noWilhelm Maybach. Cabangela kafushane umlando wokuphila komuntu ngamunye ngokwehlukana. UKarl Benz wazalwa ngoNovemba 25, 1844 eMuhlburg emndenini womshini wemishini. Kusukela ngo-1853 wafundiswa e-lyceum yobuchwepheshe, futhi ngo-1860 enyuvesi ye-polytechnic eneziqu ze-technical mechanics. Ngemva kokuphothula iziqu, wathola umsebenzi embonini yokwakha imishini asheshe wayiyeka. Ngemuva kwalokho wasebenza iminyaka engaba ngu-5 emafemini njengonjiniyela nomklami. Ngo-1871, kanye nomngane wakhe, wavula indawo yakhe yokusebenzela, egxile ezintweni zokusebenza nezinto zensimbi. UBenz wayenesithakazelo embonweni wezinjini zangaphakathi zomlilo, futhi lokhu kwakuyisinyathelo esikhulu emsebenzini wakhe. Ngo-1878 wabonisa ukugunyazwa kwakhe kwenjini kaphethiloli, futhi ngo-1882 wadala inkampani ehlangene ye-Benz & Cie. Inhloso yawo kwakuwukukhiqiza amayunithi kaphethiloli. UBenz waklama imoto yakhe yokuqala enamasondo amathathu enenjini kaphethiloli izikhathi ezine. Umphumela wokugcina wethulwa ngo-1885 futhi waya embukisweni eParis ngaphansi kwegama elithi Motorvagen, futhi ngo-1888 ukuthengisa kwase kuqalile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iBenz ikhiqize ezinye izimoto eziningi ngesikhathi esifushane. Ngo-1897 wadala "injini ye-contra", injini edumile, enezingqimba ezi-2 zamasilinda. Ngo-1914, uBenz wanikezwa iziqu zobudokotela ezihloniphekile yiTechnical University. Ngo-1926 Kuhlanganiswe ne-DMG. Umsunguli wedlula emhlabeni ngo-Ephreli 4, 1929 eLadenburg. Ngentwasahlobo ka-1834, umsunguli we-DMG, uGottlieb Daimler, wazalelwa eSchorndorf. Ngo-1847, ngemuva kwesikole, wenza izikhali ngokuhlala endaweni yokusebenzela. Kusukela ngo-1857 wathola ukuqeqeshwa ePolytechnic Institute. Ngo-1863 wathola umsebenzi eBruderhouse, ibhizinisi elalihlinzeka izintandane nabantu abakhubazekile umsebenzi. Kulapha lapho ahlangana khona noWilhelm Maybach avula naye inkampani esikhathini esizayo. Ngo-1869 waqala ukusebenza embonini yokwakha umshini, futhi ngo-1872 wathatha isihloko somqondisi wezobuchwepheshe ekuklanyweni kwezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi. UMaybach, owafika kulesi sitshalo kamuva nje, wathatha isikhundla somklami omkhulu. Ngo-1880, bobabili onjiniyela bashiya imboni futhi banquma ukuthuthela eStuttgart, lapho kwavela khona umqondo wokuvula ibhizinisi labo. Futhi ekupheleni 1885 bakha injini futhi wasungula carburetor. Ngesisekelo senjini saqala ukudala isithuthuthu, kwathi ngemuva kwesikhashana izisebenzi ezinamasondo amane. I-1889 ibonakaliswe ngokukhiqizwa kwemoto yokuqala efana kakhulu nekalishi futhi ngonyaka ofanayo yabukisa embukisweni waseParis. Ngo-1890, ngosizo lukaMaybach, uDaimler wahlela inkampani yeDMG, eyaqala ngokukhethekile ekukhiqizeni izinjini, kodwa ngo-1891 Maybach wayishiya inkampani eyakhiwe ngosizo lwakhe, futhi ngo-1893 uDaimler washiya. UGottlieb Daimler ushone ngoMashi 6, 1900 eStuttgart eneminyaka engama-65. UWilhelm Maybach wazalwa ebusika ngo-1846 eHeilbronn emndenini wombazi. Umama nobaba bashona lapho uMaybach esemncane. Wadluliselwa emfundweni eyaziwayo ngaphambili ethi "Bruderhouse", lapho ahlangana khona nomlingani wakhe wesikhathi esizayo. (Kumlando ongenhla, amaphuzu abalulekile mayelana noMaybach kusukela ekuhlanganeni kukaDaimler aseshiwo kakade). Ngemva kokushiya i-DMG, uMaybach, ngemva kwesikhathi esifushane, wadala inkampani yokukhiqiza injini, futhi kusukela ngo-1919 wakhiqiza izimoto ngaphansi kohlobo lwakhe lweMaybach. Unjiniyela omkhulu washona ngoDisemba 29, 1929 eneminyaka engama-83. Ngenxa yamakhono akhe amakhulu kanye nempumelelo yakhe kwezobunjiniyela, wakhazinyuliswa “njengenkosi yokuklama”. Uphawu "Yonke into ehlakaniphile ilula" Le credo ishiye uphawu lwayo esifanekisweni, lapho izici zobuhle kanye ne-minimalism zihlangene. Uphawu lweMercedes luyinkanyezi enamaphoyinti amathathu, okuchaza amandla azungezile. Ekuqaleni, ilogo yayinomklamo ohlukile. Phakathi kuka-1902 no-1909, isibonakaliso sasihlanganisa umbhalo onegama elithi Mercedes ku-oval emnyama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-logo yathatha ukwakheka kwesimanje kwenkanyezi ekhonjiwe emithathu enombala wegolide, ogqamile ngesizinda esimhlophe. Ngokulandelayo, uphawu lwenkanyezi lwahlala, kepha ngokuhluka okuncishisiwe, kwashintsha isizinda kuphela lapho sasikhona. Kusukela ngo-1933, isibonakaliso sesishintshe kancane ukwakheka kwaso, sesifikile kwifomu le-laconic nangaphezulu kanye ne-minimalism. Kusukela ngo-1989, inkanyezi nohlaka uqobo lwayo kuzungeza kakhulu futhi kunombala wesiliva, kepha kusukela ngo-2010 ivolumu yenkanyezi isusiwe, kusele isikali sombala ompunga nesiliva kuphela. Umlando wezimoto zeMercedes-Benz Imoto yokuqala efakwe inkanyezi enamaphuzu amathathu yangena emhlabeni ngo-1901. Kwakuyimoto yezemidlalo yakwaMercedes eyakhiwe nguMaybach. Imoto yayinezici eziningi ezibalulekile zaleso sikhathi, injini yayinamasilinda amane, futhi amandla ayengama-35 hp. Injini yayitholakala ngaphambili ngaphansi kwe-hood enomshini womsakazo, futhi ukushayela kwakudlula ibhokisi legiya. Le modeli yomjaho yayinezihlalo ezimbili, ezasheshe zazibonakalisa ngokuphawulekayo, zaduma emhlabeni wonke. Ngemva kokuthuthukiswa, imoto yathatha ukusheshisa ku-75 km / h. Le modeli yabeka isisekelo sokukhiqizwa kwezinhlobo ezilandelayo zeMercedes Simplex. I-serial "60PS" yagqama kakhulu ngeyunithi yamandla engu-9235 cc nesivinini esingu-90 km / h. Ngaphambi kwempi, kwavezwa inani elikhulu lezimoto zabagibeli, i-Mercedes Knight yayifanelwe ukuthandwa okukhulu - imodeli kanokusho eyayinomzimba ovaliwe ngokuphelele kanye neyunithi yamandla engena-valve. "2B / 95PS" - omunye izibulo ngemva kwempi, ifakwe injini 6-cylinder. Kusukela ngo-1924, uchungechunge lukanokusho lweMercedes-Benz Typ 630 lwethulwa ngenjini engu-6 cylinder namandla afinyelelwe ku-140 hp. "I-Deathtrap" noma amamodeli 24, 110, 160 PS, yabona umhlaba ngo-1926. Leli gama wathola ngenxa isivinini sakhe kufika ku-145 km / h, futhi injini kwaba eziyisithupha-cylinder 6240 cc. Ngo-1928, ngenkathi uPorsche eshiya inkampani, izimoto ezintsha zabagibeli zakhishwa njengeMannheim 370 enenjini engu-6-cylinder nomthamo wamalitha angu-3.7 kanye nemodeli enamandla athe xaxa ngamandla eyunithi yamandla eyisilinda eyisishiyagalombili enomthamo wamalitha angu-4.9, okwakuyiNurburg 500. Ngo-1930, iMercedes-Benz 770 yaphuma emgqeni wokuhlangana, yayibizwa nangokuthi "iMercedes enkulu" eneyunithi yamandla angu-200 yamahhashi angu-8-cylinder. 1931 kwaba unyaka okhiqizayo ekudalweni kwamamodeli ezimoto ezincane. imodeli "Mercedes 1170" yaduma ngenjini yayo enamandla 6 amasilinda kanye 1692 cc futhi ihlomisa amasondo amabili angaphambili nge ukumiswa ezimele. Futhi ngo-1933, kwakhiqizwa i-tandem yemoto yabagibeli "Mercedes 200" kanye nomjaho "Mercedes 380" enenjini enamandla angu-2.0- no-3.8 amalitha. Imodeli yokugcina yaba umama ekudalweni kwe "Mercedes 500K" ngo-1934. Imoto yayinenjini engu-5 litre, okwakungukhokho we "Mercedes-Benz 540K" ngo-1936. Esikhathini sika-1934-1936, imodeli "yokukhanya" "Mercedes 130" yashiya umugqa womhlangano ngeyunithi yamandla angama-cylinder angu-26-horsepower, eyayingemuva ngevolumu yokusebenza engu-1308 cc. Le moto ilandelwe yiMercedes 170 enomzimba oyi-sedan. Inguqulo yesabelomali eyengeziwe ye-Mercedes 170V enenjini engama-cylinder amane nayo yadalwa. Imoto yokuqala yokukhiqiza enenjini ye-diesel yethulwa ngasekupheleni kuka-1926, kwakuyi-"Mercedes 260D" edume. Ngo-1946, i-Mercedes 170U, eyenzelwe ngaphambi kwempi, yasungulwa, eyathuthukiswa ngokushesha ngenjini ye-diesel ngenqubo yesimanje. Futhi yazuza ukuthandwa "Mercedes 180" 1943 ukukhululwa nge design umzimba engavamile kakhulu. Phakathi kwezimoto zezemidlalo kwakukhona izithasiselo eziningi: ngo-1951 imodeli "Mercedes 300S" yakhululwa ngenjini engu-6-cylinder futhi ifakwe i-camshaft engaphezulu, kanye ne-"Mercedes 300SL" edumile ngo-1954, ithola ukuthandwa ngenxa. ekuklanyweni kwezicabha ezimise okwephiko lenyoni. Ngo-1955 kwakhululwa ibhajethi ye-compact convertible "Mercedes 190SL" eneyunithi yamandla angamasilinda amane kanye nomklamo okhangayo. Amamodeli 220, 220S, 220SE adala umndeni omncane wesigaba esiphakathi futhi adalwe ngo-1959 futhi anezinga lobuchwepheshe elinamandla. Ukumiswa okuzimele kumasondo angu-4, ubuhle bomzimba obunamalambu alungisiwe kanye nosayizi wegumbi lemithwalo kwenze lolu chungechunge lwaduma. 1963 wakhiqiza imodeli Mercedes 600, okuyinto ekwazi ukufinyelela isivinini kufika ku-204 km / h. Iphakethe lihlanganisa injini engu-V8 enamandla angu-250 hp, u-gearbox onamagiya amane. Ngo-1968, amamodeli anethezekile ebanga eliphakathi nendawo u-W114 no-W115 ahanjiswa emhlabeni. Ngo-1972, i-S class izalwa esizukulwaneni esisha. Yakhelwe i-W116, edume ngokuba uhlelo lokuqala lokulwa nokukhiya, futhi ngo-1979 iqala i-W126 yoguquko, eyaklanywa uBruno Sacco. Uchungechunge lwe-460 lwalunezimoto ezingekho emgwaqeni, eyokuqala yazo eyabona umhlaba ngo-1980. I-debut yemoto yezemidlalo yenguquko yenzeke ngo-1996 futhi yayiyingxenye yeklasi ye-SLK. Isici semoto, ngaphezu kwezici zobuchwepheshe, kwakuyi-top egoqayo, eyahlehliselwa esiqwini. Ngo-1999 kwethulwa imoto yomjaho edumile enezihlalo ezimbili i-F 1.