Ferrari

Okuqukethwe Umlando we-FounderEmblemCar kumamodeliImibuzo nezimpendulo: I-Ferrari idume ngezimoto zayo zemidlalo ezisesitayeleni ezinobunjwa obuhle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo mqondo ungalandelelwa kuwo wonke amamodeli omkhiqizo. Kukho konke ukuthuthukiswa kwezemidlalo yezimoto, yile nkampani yase-Italy eyabeka ithoni emijahweni eminingi. Yini eye yaba nomthelela ekukhuleni okusheshayo okunjalo ekudumeni komkhiqizo emhlabeni we-motorsport? Nansi indaba. Umsunguli Le nkampani ikweleta udumo lwayo kumsunguli wayo, okwase kuphele amashumi amabili eminyaka esebenza ezimbonini zabakhiqizi bezimoto base-Italy abahlukahlukene, ngenxa yalokho athola ulwazi lwabaningi babo. U-Enzo Ferrari wazalwa ngo-98 wekhulu le-19. Uchwepheshe osemusha uthola umsebenzi e-Alfa Romeo, osekunesikhathi engenele imiqhudelwano yezimoto. Umjaho wezimoto uvumela izimoto ukuthi zihlolwe ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezinzima, ukuze umshayeli aqonde kangcono ukuthi imoto idingani ukuze ikwazi ukuhamba ngesivinini ngaphandle kokuhlukana. Lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho okuncane kwasiza u-Enzo ukuthuthela esikhundleni sokuba nguchwepheshe ekulungiseleleni izimoto zemincintiswano, futhi aphumelele impela, ngoba wayeqiniseka ngokwenzeka kwakhe siqu ukuthi yisiphi isikhathi sesimanje esizophumelela kakhulu. Ngesisekelo sesitshalo esifanayo sase-Italy, isigaba somjaho we-Scuderia Ferrari sasungulwa (1929). Leli qembu lalilawula lonke uhlelo lokugijima lwe-Alfa Romeo kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kwawo-1930. Ngo-1939, uhlu lwabakhiqizi be-Modena lwengeza umuntu omusha owayezoba enye yezinhlobo zezimoto zezemidlalo ezikhethekile kakhulu emlandweni wezimoto. Le nkampani yaqanjwa i-Auto-Avio Connstruzioni ngu-Enzo Ferrari. Umqondo oyinhloko womsunguli kwaba ukuthuthukiswa kwezemidlalo yezimoto, kodwa kwakudingeka athathe imali endaweni ethile ukuze adale izimoto zezemidlalo. Wayengabaza izimoto zomgwaqo, futhi wazibheka njengobubi obudingekayo futhi obungenakugwemeka obuvumela ukuthi umkhiqizo uhlale ku-motorsport. Lesi kube yisona sizathu kuphela esenza ukuthi amamodeli emigwaqo amasha aphume emugqeni wokuhlanganisa ngezikhathi ezithile. Lo mkhiqizo udume ngama-silhouettes omzimba ahlukile futhi amahle amamodeli amaningi. Lokhu kwenziwe lula ngokubambisana nama-tuning studios ahlukahlukene. Le nkampani yayiyiklayenti elivamile le-Touring evela eMilan, kodwa "umphakeli" oyinhloko wemibono yemizimba ekhethekile kwakuyi-studio ye-PininFarina (ungafunda ngalesi studio ekubuyekezweni okuhlukile). Uphawu Ilogo enehhashi elikhulisayo selivele kusukela kwasungulwa isigaba sezemidlalo se-Alfa Romeo, onyakeni wama-29. Kodwa imoto ngayinye iqembu elithuthukisiwe yayinophawu oluhlukile - umenzi wezimoto, ngaphansi kobuholi lapho ithimba eliholwa ngu-Enzo lalisebenza. Umlando wophawu uqala lapho uFerrari esebenza njengomjaho wasembonini. Njengoba u-Enzo ngokwakhe ekhumbula, ngemva komncintiswano olandelayo, wahlangana noyise uFrancesco Baracca (umshayeli we-fighter owasebenzisa isithombe sehhashi elikhulisayo endizeni yakhe). Umkakhe wasikisela ukusebenzisa uphawu lwendodana yakhe eyashona empini. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ilebula yomkhiqizo odumile ayizange ishintshe, futhi yaze yabhekwa njengefa lomndeni eligcinwe yi-automaker. Umlando wemoto kumamodeli Imoto yokuqala yomgwaqo ekhiqizwa yiFerrari ivele ngaphansi kwegama lenkampani i-AA Connstruzioni. Kwakuyimodeli engu-815, ngaphansi kwehood okwakukhona iyunithi yamandla angu-8-cylinder enevolumu yamalitha nesigamu. 1946 - ukuqala komlando wezimoto zeFerrari. Imoto yokuqala iphuma ne-stallion edumile ekhulisayo endaweni ephuzi. Model 125 wathola 12-cylinder aluminium injini. Kwakuhlanganisa umqondo womsunguli wenkampani - ukwenza imoto yomgwaqo isheshe kakhulu, ngaphandle kokudela ukunethezeka. 1947 - imodeli isivele inezinhlobo ezimbili zama-motor. Ekuqaleni, kwakuyiyunithi engu-1,5-litre, kodwa inguqulo ye-166 isivele ithola ukuguqulwa kwamalitha amabili. 1948 - Kukhiqizwa inani elilinganiselwe lezimoto ezikhethekile zeSpyder Corsa, eziguquke kalula ezimotweni zomgwaqo zaba izimoto zeFormula 2. Kwakwanele ukususa ama-fender namalambu angaphambili. Iqembu lezemidlalo leFerrari lika-1948 liwina uMille-Mile noTarga-Florio. 1949 - Ukunqoba kokuqala emjahweni obaluleke kakhulu wabakhiqizi - 24 Le-Mann. Kusukela kulo mzuzu iqala indaba ethakazelisayo emangalisayo yokungqubuzana phakathi kwama-giants amabili ezimoto - i-Ford ne-Ferrari, evela ngokuphindaphindiwe emibhalweni yabaqondisi abahlukahlukene bamafilimu. 1951 - ukukhiqizwa kwe-340 America enenjini engu-4,1 litre kuyaqala, okwathi ngemuva kweminyaka emibili yathola amandla ka-4,5 litre enamandla kakhulu. 1953 - umhlaba wabashayeli ujwayelene nemodeli ye-Europa 250, ngaphansi kwesigqoko sayo lapho kwakukhona injini yomlilo yangaphakathi yamalitha amathathu. 1954 - kuqalwa nge-250 GT, ukusebenzisana okuseduze ne-studio yePininfarin design. 1956 - Uhlelo olulinganiselwe lwe-410 Super America luyavela. Sekukonke, amayunithi angu-14 emoto ekhethekile aphume emgqeni womhlangano. Bambalwa abantu abacebile ababengakwazi ukuyikhokhela. 1958 - abashayeli bathola ithuba lokuthenga 250 Testa Rossa; 1959 - Kuvela isitayela se-GT California esingu-250, esidalelwe uku-oda. Kwakungenye yezinguquko eziphumelele kakhulu ezivulekile ze-F250. 1960 - I-fastback yangempela ye-GTE 250 isuselwa kumodeli ethandwayo engu-250. Ngo-1962 - Kwethulwa imodeli kanokusho, nayo edumile phakathi kwabaqoqi bezimoto - iBerlinetta Lusso. Isivinini esiphezulu semoto yomgwaqo sasingaphezudlwana kuka-225 km/h. 1964 - Kwethulwa i-330 GT. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukukhishwa kwe-homologation yochungechunge oludumile lwe-250 - i-GTO yakhululwa. Imoto ithole injini emise okwe-V emithathu-litre enamasilinda ayi-12, amandla ayo afinyelela ku-300 horsepower. I-gearbox engu-5-speed ivumele imoto ukuthi ikwazi ukugijima ifinyelele kumakhilomitha angu-283 ngehora. Ngo-2013, elinye lamakhophi angu-39 langena ngaphansi kwesando ngamaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-52. amadola. 1966 - kuvela imodeli entsha yenjini emise okwe-V yamasilinda ayi-12. Indlela yokusabalalisa igesi manje isinama-camshaft amane (amabili ekhanda ngalinye). Le yunithi ithole isistimu ye-sump eyomile. Ngo-1968 - Kwasungulwa enye yezinhlobo ezibalasele kakhulu zeDaytona. Ngaphandle, imoto yayingafani nabangaphambi kwayo, yayihlukaniswa ngokuzithiba. Kodwa uma umshayeli enquma ukukhombisa ukusebenza kwayo, khona-ke ngesivinini esiphezulu se-282 km / h. bambalwa abantu abakwazi ukuyiphatha. 1970 - Iziphehli ze-voluminous esezivele zijwayelekile kanye namalambu ayindilinga ane-oblique cut avela ekwakhiweni kwezimoto zezemidlalo ze-automaker ezidumile. Omunye walaba bameleli yimodeli ye-Dino. Isikhathi esithile, "Dino" imoto yakhiqizwa njengoba brand ehlukile. Ngokuvamile, ngaphansi kwe-hood yalezi zimoto, ama-motor non-standard ayesetshenziswa, njenge-V-6 2,0 yamahhashi angu-180, okufinyelelwa kuma-revolutions ayizinkulungwane ezingu-8. 1971 - ukuvela kwenguqulo yezemidlalo yeBerlinetta Boxer. Isici esiyingqayizivele sale moto kwakuyi-boxer motor, kanye neqiniso lokuthi i-gearbox yayingaphansi kwayo. I-chassis yayisekelwe kuhlaka lwe-tubular olunamaphaneli omzimba wensimbi, afana nezinguqulo zomjaho. Kuze kube sekuqaleni kwawo-1980, abathengi banikezwa ukuguqulwa okuhlukahlukene kwemoto engu-308GT4, eyadlula ku-studio yokuklama i-Pininfarina. 1980s - Kuvela enye imodeli yenganekwane - Testarossa. Imoto yezemidlalo yomgwaqo ithole injini evuthayo yangaphakathi engamalitha ayisihlanu enama-valve amabili okungenisa nawokukhipha amasilinda angu-12, amandla ayo angu-390 amahhashi. Imoto yashesha yafinyelela ku-274 km / h. 1987 - U-Enzo Ferrari uhileleke ekuthuthukiseni imodeli entsha - F40. Isizathu salokhu wukugqamisa imizamo yenkampani kukho konke ukuba khona kwayo. Imoto yokugubha usuku ithole injini ye-8-cylinder ebekwe isikhathi eside, eyayifakwe ohlakeni lwe-tubular, eyaqiniswa ngamapuleti e-Kevlar. Imoto ibingenakho ukunethezeka - ibingenakho ngisho nokulungisa isihlalo. I-suspension idlulisele wonke amaqhubu emgwaqeni emzimbeni. Kwakuyimoto yomjaho wangempela, ebonisa umqondo oyinhloko womnikazi wenkampani - umhlaba udinga izimoto zezemidlalo kuphela: lena inhloso yezindlela zemishini. I-1988 - inkampani ilahlekelwa ngumsunguli wayo, ngemuva kwalokho idlulela e-Fiat, kuze kube manje isivele inengxenye yamasheya omkhiqizo. 1992 - I-Geneva Motor Show yethula i-coupe edonsa ngamasondo angemuva engu-456 GT kanye nemodeli ye-GTA evela esitudiyo sasePininfarina. 1994 - imoto yezemidlalo yesabelomali i-F355 iyavela, futhi yadlula ngesitudiyo sokuklama sase-Italy. 1996 - Ferrari 550 Maranello debuts; 1999 - ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yesibili kwaphawulwa ukukhululwa enye imodeli design - 360 Modena, okuyinto wethulwa Geneva Motor Show. 2003 - enye imodeli thematic wethulwa emhlabeni auto - Ferrari Enzo, eyakhululwa ukuhlonipha umklami odumile. Imoto ithole uhlaka lwefomula yemoto 1. I-ICE engamasilinda ayi-12 enamalitha ayi-6 no-660 hp ikhethwe njengeyunithi yamandla. Ifinyelela ku-100 km / h, imoto ijubane ngemizuzwana engu-3,6, futhi umkhawulo wejubane ucishe ube ngu-350. Sebebonke, abangu-400 bashiya umugqa womhlangano ngaphandle kwekhophi eyodwa. Kodwa kuphela umlandeli weqiniso womkhiqizo ongakwazi uku-oda imoto, ngoba kwakudingeka ukukhokha cishe ama-euro ayizinkulungwane ezingu-500 kuyo, bese ngoku-oda kwangaphambili. 2018 - Isikhulu esiphezulu senkampani simemezela ukuthi intuthuko iyaqhubeka ku-supercar kagesi. Kuwo wonke umlando womkhiqizo, izimoto eziningi zezemidlalo ezinhle ngendlela emangalisayo ziye zethulwa, ezisafiswa abaqoqi abaningi. Ngaphandle kobuhle, lezi zimoto zazinamandla amakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, izimoto F1, eyawina ukunqoba odumile Michael Schumacher, kusukela Ferrari. Nasi ukubuyekezwa kwevidiyo enye yamamodeli akamuva enkampani - i-LaFerrari: Imibuzo Nezimpendulo: Ubani oqhamuke nelogo ye-Ferrari? Yasungulwa futhi yathuthukisa i-logo yomkhiqizo wase-Italy wezimoto zezemidlalo umsunguli womkhiqizo - u-Enzo Ferrari. Phakathi nokuba khona kwenkampani, ilogo iye yathuthukiswa kaningi. Ithini ilogo yeFerrari? Isici esiyinhloko sophawu i-stallion ekhulisayo.