BMW

Содержание ОсновательЭмблемаИстория автомобиля в моделяхВопросы и ответы: Среди самых известных автомобильных производителей, продукция которого пользуется уважением во всем мире, является BMW. Le nkampani ihlanganyela ekukhiqizeni izimoto zabagibeli, ama-crossovers, izimoto zezemidlalo nezimoto. Lo mkhiqizo unekomkhulu eJalimane - idolobha laseMunich. Namuhla, leli qembu kuhlanganisa brand owaziwa njenge Mini, kanye division premium ukukhiqizwa izimoto zikanokusho - Rolls-Royce. Ithonya lenkampani lidlulela emhlabeni wonke. Namuhla ifakwe ohlwini lwezinkampani ezintathu ezihamba phambili zezimoto e-Europe, ezisebenza ngezimoto ezikhethekile nezisezingeni eliphezulu. Imboni encane yokwakha izinjini zezindiza yakwazi kanjani ukukhuphuka ifinyelele phezulu kakhulu "ye-Olympus" emhlabeni wabakhi bezimoto? Nansi indaba yakhe. Umsunguli Konke kwaqala ngo-1913 ngokusungulwa kwebhizinisi elincane elinobuchwepheshe obuncane. Le nkampani yasungulwa nguGustav Otto, indodana yomsunguli owabamba iqhaza elikhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi. Ukukhiqizwa kwezinjini zezindiza ngaleso sikhathi kwakudingeka, uma kubhekwa izimo zeMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Ngaleyo minyaka, uKarl Rapp noGustav banquma ukwakha inkampani ehlangene. Kwakuyibhizinisi elihlanganisiwe, elakhiwe amafemu amabili amancane ayekhona ngaphambili kancane. Ngo-1917, babhalisa inkampani i-bmw, isifinyezo saso esachazwa kalula - i-Bavarian Motor Plant. Kusukela kulo mzuzu kuqala umlando we-automaker eyaziwa kakade. Le nkampani yayisasebenza ekwenzeni amayunithi kagesi ezindiza zaseJalimane. Kodwa-ke, konke kwashintsha lapho kuqala ukusebenza kweSivumelwano SaseVersailles. Inkinga yayiwukuthi iJalimane, ngaphansi kwemibandela yeSivumelwano, yayinqatshelwe ukudala imikhiqizo enjalo. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwakuwukuphela kwe-niche lapho uhlobo lwakhiwe khona. Ukusindisa inkampani, abasebenzi banquma ukushintsha iphrofayili yayo. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, bebelokhu bethuthukisa izinjini zokuthutha izithuthuthu. Ngemva kwesikhathi esifushane, banweba ububanzi bemisebenzi, futhi baqala ukwakha izithuthuthu zabo. Imodeli yokuqala yaphuma emgqeni womhlangano ngo-1923. Bekuyi-R32 enamasondo amabili. Lesi sithuthuthu sathandana nomphakathi, hhayi nje ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwekhwalithi, kodwa ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuthi kwakuyisithuthuthu sokuqala se-BMW ukuqopha umlando womhlaba. Enye yezinguquko zalolu chungechunge, eyayiqhutshwa u-Ernst Henne, yanqoba ingqopha-mlando yamakhilomitha angu-279,5 ngehora. Akekho owayengathatha le ndawo yokucima ukoma iminyaka engu-14 elandelayo. Elinye irekhodi lomhlaba elokuthuthukiswa kwenjini yendiza, iMotor4. Ukuze kungaphuli imigomo yesivumelwano sokuthula, le yunithi yamandla yadalwa kwezinye izingxenye ze-Europe. Le ICE yafakwa endizeni okwathi ngo-19 yanqoba umkhawulo wokuphakama kwamamodeli wokukhiqiza - 9760m. Ehlatshwe umxhwele ukuthembeka kwalesi modeli yalolu phiko, iSoviet Russia iphetha isivumelwano sokwakhiwa kwezinjini zakamuva zayo. Iminyaka yama-30s yekhulu le-19 yaziwa ngokundiza kwezindiza zaseRussia ngaphezu kwamabanga arekhodiwe, futhi ukufaneleka kwalokhu injini yomlilo yangaphakathi yamaBavarian. Kakade ekuqaleni kwawo-1940, inkampani yayisivele ithole idumela elihle, kepha-ke, njengakwezinye izinkampani zezimoto, lo mkhiqizi ulahlekelwe kakhulu ngenxa yokugqashuka kweMpi Yezwe II. Ngakho-ke, ukukhiqizwa kwezinjini zezindiza kancane kancane kwanda ngokuthuthukiswa kwezithuthuthu ezisheshayo nezithembekile. Isikhathi sesifikile sokuthi umkhiqizo ukhule nakakhulu, futhi ube ngumkhiqizi wezimoto. Kodwa ngaphambi kokudabula izenzakalo ezibalulekile zomlando wenkampani, eyashiya uphawu lwabo kumamodeli wezimoto, kufanelekile ukunaka uphawu lomkhiqizo. Uphawu Ekuqaleni, lapho inkampani idalwa, ozakwethu abazange bacabange ngisho nokuthuthukisa ilogo yabo. Kwakungekho sidingo salokhu, ngoba isakhiwo esisodwa kuphela esisebenzisa imikhiqizo - amabutho ezempi aseJalimane. Kwakungekho sidingo ngandlela-thile ukuhlukanisa imikhiqizo yabo kusukela izimbangi, ngoba ngaleso sikhathi zazingekho izimbangi. Nokho, lapho umkhiqizo ubhaliswa, abaphathi babedinga ukucacisa ilogo ethile. Akuthathanga isikhathi eside ukucabanga. Kwanqunywa ukushiya ilebula yefekthri ye-Rapp, kodwa esikhundleni sombhalo wangaphambilini, izinhlamvu ezintathu ze-bmw ezidume ngokukhazimulayo ezinqenqemeni lwegolide zabekwa kuyindilinga. Umbuthano wangaphakathi wawuhlukaniswe waba imikhakha emi-4 - ezimbili ezimhlophe nezimbili eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Le mibala ibhekisela kumsuka wenkampani, njengoba iyingxenye yophawu lwaseBavaria. Isikhangiso sokuqala sale nkampani sasinomfanekiso wendiza endizayo enophephela ojikelezayo, futhi umbhalo othi BMW wawubekwe eceleni komugqa wombuthano owumphumela. Le poster yadalwa ukuze kukhangiswe injini entsha yendiza - iphrofayili eyinhloko yenkampani. Kusukela ngo-1929 kuya ku-1942, abasebenzisi bomkhiqizo kuphela abahlobanisa uphephela ophothayo nelogo yenkampani. Khona-ke abaphathi benkampani baqinisekisa ngokusemthethweni lokhu kuxhumana. Kusukela ekudalweni komfanekiso, ukuklama kwayo akuzange kushintshe ngendlela ephawulekayo njengoba kwenzeka kwabanye abakhiqizi, njengoDodge, njengoba kuchazwe ngaphambili kancane. Ochwepheshe benkampani abawuphikisi umbono wokuthi ilogo ye-BMW namuhla inokuxhumana okuqondile nophawu lwe-propeller ejikelezayo, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ayikuqinisekisi. Umlando wemoto kumamodeli Umlando wezimoto wokukhathazeka uqala ngo-1928, lapho abaphathi benkampani benquma ukuthenga izimboni zezimoto eziningana eThuringia. Kanye nezindawo zokukhiqiza, inkampani iphinde yathola amalayisense okukhiqiza imoto encane i-Dixi (i-analogue ye-English Austin 7). Lokhu kwaba wukutshala imali okuhlakaniphile, njengoba imoto encane yafika yasiza ngesikhathi sokuntengantenga kwezimali. Abathengi babenesithakazelo kakhulu kumamodeli anjalo abenza bakwazi ukuhamba kahle, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo abazange badle uphethiloli ongaka. 1933 - kubhekwa njengesiqalo ekukhiqizeni izimoto endaweni yesikhulumi yayo. I-328 ithola into edumile ehlukile esekhona kuzo zonke izimoto zomsuka waseBavaria - okuthiwa ngamakhala e-grille. Imoto yezemidlalo yaphumelela kangangokuthi yonke eminye imikhiqizo yomkhiqizo yaqala ukuthola isimo sezimoto ezinokwethenjelwa, ezisesitayeleni nezisheshayo ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ngaphansi kwe-hood yale modeli kwakukhona injini engu-6-cylinder, enekhanda le-cylinder elenziwe ngezinto zokukhanya kwe-alloy kanye nendlela yokusabalalisa igesi eshintshiwe. 1938 - iyunithi yamandla (52), eyakhiwe ngaphansi kwelayisensi evela kuPratt, ebizwa ngokuthi uWhitney, ifakwe kumodeli weJunkers Yu132. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isithuthuthu sezemidlalo siphuma emgqeni womhlangano, isivinini esiphezulu esingamakhilomitha angu-210 ngehora. Ngonyaka olandelayo, umgijimi uG. Mayer. Ngo-1951 - ngemva kwesikhathi eside futhi esinzima sokululama ngemva kwempi, imodeli yokuqala yemoto yangemva kwempi yakhululwa - 501. Kodwa kwakuwuchungechunge oluhlulekile olwasala ezinqolobaneni zomlando. 1955 - Le nkampani iphinde yandisa umugqa wamamodeli wezithuthuthu nge-chassis ethuthukisiwe. Ngawo lowo nyaka, kwavela i-hybrid ethile yesithuthuthu nemoto - Isetta. Lo mbono waphinde wemukelwa ngesasasa, njengoba umenzi ehlinzeka ngezimoto eziyimishini ezingabizi kakhulu kwabampofu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inkampani, elindele ukukhula okusheshayo kokuthandwa, igxile emizamweni yayo ekwakheni ama-limousine. Nokho, lo mbono ucishe uholele ukukhathazeka ekuweni. Lo mkhiqizo awukwazanga ukugwema ukuthathelwa enye into ekhathazayo - iMercedes-Benz. Okwesithathu, inkampani iqala cishe kusukela ekuqaleni. 1956 - ukuvela kwemoto eyisakhiwo sodumo - imodeli 507. I-aluminium cylinder block ye-8 "bowlers", umthamo wayo wawuyi-3,2 amalitha, isetshenziswe njengeyunithi yamandla ye-roadster. Injini engu-150-horsepower isheshise imoto yezemidlalo yaya kumakhilomitha angu-220 ngehora. Kwakungumbhalo olinganiselwe - eminyakeni emithathu kuphela zingu-252 izimoto ezasuswa kulayini womhlangano, okuyizisulu ezifunwayo zanoma yimuphi umqoqi wezimoto. 1959 - ukukhululwa kwenye imodeli yimpumelelo - 700, okuyinto ifakwe emoyeni Ukupholisa. 1962 - Ukuvela kwemoto yezemidlalo elandelayo (imodeli 1500) kwajabulisa umhlaba wabashayeli kangangokuba amafemu ayengenaso isikhathi sokufeza ama-oda wangaphambilini wemoto. 1966 - ukukhathazeka kuvuselela isiko okwakufanele likhohlwe iminyaka eminingi - izinjini ezingu-6-cylinder. I-BMW 1600-2 ibonakala, ngesisekelo lapho wonke amamodeli akhiwa kuze kube ngu-2002. 1968 - Inkampani yethula ama-sedans amakhulu angama-2500 kanye nama-2800. Ngenxa yentuthuko eyimpumelelo, i-60s yaba yinzuzo kakhulu ekukhathazekeni kwakho konke ukuba khona komkhiqizo (kuze kube sekuqaleni kwawo-70s). 1970 - Engxenyeni yokuqala yeshumi leminyaka, umhlaba wezimoto uthola uchungechunge lwesithathu, lwesihlanu, lwesithupha nolwesikhombisa. Kusukela ku-5-Series, i-automaker yandisa imisebenzi yayo, ikhulula izimoto zezemidlalo hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi nama-sedans okunethezeka. 1973 - inkampani idedela imoto eyayinganqobeki i-3.0 csl ngaleso sikhathi, efakwe intuthuko ethuthukisiwe yonjiniyela baseBavaria. Imoto yathatha 6 ubuqhawe baseYurophu. Iyunithi yayo yamandla yayifakwe umshini okhethekile wokusabalalisa igesi, lapho kwakukhona ama-valve amabili okukhipha kanye ne-exhaust cylinder ngayinye. Uhlelo lwamabhuleki luthole uhlelo lwe-ABS olungakaze lubonwe (kuyini ukuhluka kwalo, olufundwe ekubuyekezweni okuhlukile). 1986 - enye intuthuko kwenzeka emhlabeni motorsport - imoto entsha yezemidlalo M3 ivela. Imoto yayisetshenziswa kokubili emijahweni yomgwaqo onguthelawayeka futhi njengenguqulo yomgwaqo yabashayeli abajwayelekile. 1987 - Imodeli yaseBavaria iwina umklomelo oyinhloko emijahweni yesekethe Yomqhudelwano Womhlaba. Umshayeli wemoto nguRoberto Raviglia. Iminyaka emihlanu elandelayo, imodeli ayizange ivumele abanye abenzi bezimoto ukuthi basungule isigqi sabo sokugijima. 1987 - Kuvela enye imoto, kodwa kulokhu bekuyi-Z-1 roadster. 1990 - Ukukhishwa kwe-850i, eyayifakwe iyunithi yamandla kagesi ayi-12-cylinder ngokulawulwa kwe-elekthronikhi kwamandla kagesi wangaphakathi womlilo. 1991 - Ukuhlanganiswa kabusha kweJalimane kunomthelela ekuzalweni kweBMW Rolls-Royce GmbH. Inkampani ikhumbula izimpande zayo, futhi idala enye injini yendiza engu-BR700. 1994 - ukukhathazeka kuthola iqembu lezimboni ze-Rover, futhi nalo likwazi ukudonsa inkimbinkimbi enkulu eNgilandi, egxile ekukhiqizeni izinhlobo ze-MG, Rover kanye ne-Land Rover. Ngalesi sivumelwano esinenzuzo enkulu, le nkampani iqhubeka nokwandisa iphothifoliyo yomkhiqizo wayo ukuze ifake ama-SUV nezimoto zasedolobheni eziyi-ultra-compact. 1995 - I-Autoworld ithola inguqulo yokuvakasha ye-3-Series. Isici semoto kwakuyi-chassis ye-aluminium ngokuphelele. 1996 - I-Z3 7-Series ithola isitimela sika-diesel powertrain. Indaba iphinda ngemodeli ye-1500 ka-1962 - izikhungo zokukhiqiza azikwazi ukubhekana nama-oda wemoto evela kubathengi. 1997 - abashayeli bezithuthuthu babone imodeli yebhayisikili yomgwaqo ekhethekile futhi eyingqayizivele ngempela - 1200 C. Imodeli ifakwe injini enkulu yesibhakela (1,17 amalitha). Ngawo lowo nyaka kwavela i-roadster, yakudala kuzo zonke izindlela zegama - imoto yezemidlalo evulekile iBMW M. 1999 - ukuqala kokuthengiswa kwemoto ngemisebenzi yangaphandle - X5. 1999 - Abathandi bezimoto ezinhle zemidlalo bathola imodeli enhle kakhulu - i-Z8. 1999 - IMotor Show eFrankfurt iyimoto yomqondo wesikhathi esizayo eyiZ9 GT. 2004 - ukuqala kokuthengiswa kwemodeli engu-116i, ngaphansi kwe-hood lapho kwakukhona injini yomlilo yangaphakathi yama-1,6 litres nomthamo we-115 hp. 2006 - embukisweni wezimoto, inkampani yethula izethameli ku-M6 ​​convertible, eyathola injini yomlilo yangaphakathi yamasilinda ayi-10, ukuhanjiswa okulandelanayo kwe-SMG okuyi-7-position. Ingqophamlando ye-100 km / h yakwazi ukuthatha imoto ngemizuzwana engu-4,8. I-2007-2015 iqoqo ligcwaliswa kancane kancane ngamamodeli wesimanje ochungechunge lokuqala, lwesibili nolwesithathu. Emashumini eminyaka alandelayo, umdondoshiya wezimoto ubelokhu ethuthukisa amamodeli akhona, minyaka yonke wethula izizukulwane ezintsha noma izinketho zokuphakamisa ubuso. Ubuchwepheshe obusha bokuphepha okusebenzayo nokungenzi lutho nakho kwethulwa kancane kancane. Izakhiwo zenkampani zisebenzisa umsebenzi wezandla kuphela. Lena enye yezinkampani ezimbalwa ezingasebenzisi i-robotic conveyor. Futhi nansi iphrezentheshini yevidiyo emfushane yomqondo wemoto engenamuntu evela enkathazweni yaseBavaria: Imibuzo Nezimpendulo: Ubani oseQenjini le-BMW? Imikhiqizo ehamba phambili emhlabeni: BMW, BMW Motorrad, Mini, Rolls-Royce. Ngaphezu kokwakhiwa kwamayunithi kagesi nezimoto ezihlukahlukene, inkampani inikeza izinsizakalo zezezimali. Ikhiqizwa kuliphi idolobha iBMW? EJalimane: Dingolfing, Regensburg, Leipzig. E-Austria: Graz. ERussia, eKaliningrad. Mexico: San Luis Potosi.