Umlando wohlobo lwemoto iBMW

Phakathi kwabakhiqizi bezimoto abadume kakhulu, imikhiqizo yabo ehlonishwayo emhlabeni wonke, kukhona iBMW. Le nkampani yenza ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto, ama-crossovers, izimoto zezemidlalo nezimoto.

Indlunkulu yomkhiqizo itholakala eJalimane - idolobha laseMunich. Namuhla, leli qembu lifaka imikhiqizo eyaziwa kakhulu njengeMini, kanye neRoll-Royce ye-premium car division.

Ithonya lenkampani lifinyelela emhlabeni wonke. Namuhla ingenye yezinkampani ezintathu ezihamba phambili zezimoto eYurophu ezikhethekile ezimotweni ezikhethekile nezikhokhelwayo.

Kwenzeka kanjani ukuthi isitshalo esincane senjini yezindiza sikwazi ukukhuphuka sicishe sifike esicongweni se-Olympus emhlabeni wama-automakers? Nayi indaba yakhe.

Umsunguli

Konke lokhu kwaqala ngo-1913 ngokwakhiwa kwebhizinisi elincane elinobuchwepheshe obuncane. Le nkampani yasungulwa nguGustav Otto, indodana yomqambi owenza iminikelo ebalulekile enjinini yomlilo yangaphakathi.

Ukukhiqizwa kwezinjini zezindiza kwakudingeka ngaleso sikhathi, uma kubhekwa imibandela yempi yokuqala yomhlaba. Ngaleyo minyaka, uKarl Rapp noGustav banquma ukudala inkampani ejwayelekile. Kwakuyibhizinisi elihlanganisiwe, elaliqukethe amafemu amabili amancane ayekhona ngaphambili.

Ngo-1917 babhalisa inkampani ye-bmw, isifinyezo sayo sachazwa kalula - iBavarian Motor Plant. Kusukela kulo mzuzu kuqhubeke, umlando wokukhathazeka okuzenzakalelayo osevele uyaqala. Le nkampani yayisasebenza ekwenzeni amayunithi kagesi wezindiza zaseJalimane.

Kodwa-ke, konke kwashintsha ngokuqala ukusebenza kweSivumelwano SaseVersailles. Inkinga kwaba ukuthi iJalimane, ngaphansi kwemigomo yeSivumelwano, yayingavunyelwe ukudala imikhiqizo enjalo. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwakuwukuphela kwendawo lapho umkhiqizo wawuthuthukisa khona.

Ukonga inkampani, abasebenzi banqume ukushintsha iphrofayili yayo. Kusukela lapho, bebelokhu bethuthukisa izinjini zezithuthuthu. Ngemuva kwesikhashana esifushane, bandise umkhakha wabo wokusebenza futhi baqala ukuzenzela ezabo izithuthuthu.

Imodeli yokuqala yasuswa kulayini womhlangano ngo-1923. Kwakuyimoto ka-R32 enamasondo amabili. Umphakathi wasithanda isithuthuthu, hhayi kuphela ngenxa yomhlangano osezingeni eliphakeme, kodwa ubukhulu becala ngenxa yokuthi bekuyisithuthuthu sokuqala se-BMW ukusetha irekhodi lomhlaba. Okunye kokulungiswa kwalolu chungechunge, okwakushayelwa ngu-Ernst Henne, kwanqoba ingqophamlando yamakhilomitha angama-279,5 ngehora. Akekho umuntu ongafinyelela kuleli zinga eminyakeni eyi-14 ezayo.

Elinye irekhodi lomhlaba elokuthuthukiswa kwenjini yendiza, iMotor4. Ukuze ingaphuli imigomo yesivumelwano sokuthula, lolu phiko lwamandla lwenziwa kwezinye izingxenye zeYurophu. Le ICE yayisendizeni, okwathi ngo-19 yeqa umkhawulo ophakeme kakhulu wamamodeli wokukhiqiza - 9760m. Ihlatshwe umxhwele ngokuthembeka kwale modeli yeyunithi, iSoviet Russia iphetha isivumelwano ngokwakhiwa kwama-motors wakamuva ngayo. Ama-30s wekhulu le-19 adume ngezindiza zezindiza zaseRussia ngaphezu kwamabanga wokuqopha, futhi ukufaneleka kwalokhu yi-ICE kuphela yabantu baseBavaria.

Kakade ekuqaleni kwawo-1940, inkampani yayisivele ithole idumela elihle, kepha-ke, njengakwezinye izinkampani zezimoto, lo mkhiqizi ulahlekelwe kakhulu ngenxa yokugqashuka kweMpi Yezwe II.

Ngakho-ke, ukukhiqizwa kwezinjini zezindiza kukhule kancane ngokuthuthuka kwezithuthuthu ezisezingeni eliphakeme nezethembekile. Isikhathi sokuthi umkhiqizo unwebeke ngokuqhubekayo futhi ube ngumenzi wezimoto. Kodwa ngaphambi kokudlula emigudwini eyinhloko yomlando yenkampani eshiye uphawu lwayo kumamodeli ezimoto, kufanelekile ukunaka uphawu lomkhiqizo.

Isifanekiselo

Ekuqaleni, lapho kudalwa inkampani, abalingani bebengacabangi nangokwakha ilogo yabo. Lokhu kwakungadingeki, ngoba imikhiqizo yayisetshenziswa isakhiwo esisodwa kuphela - amabutho ezempi aseJalimane. Kwakungenasidingo ngandlela thile ukuhlukanisa imikhiqizo yethu nezimbangi, ngoba zazingekho izimbangi ngaleso sikhathi.

Kodwa-ke, lapho uphawu lubhaliswa, abaphathi bekufanele banikeze ilogo ethile. Akuthathanga sikhathi ukucabanga. Kwanqunywa ukushiya ilebula lefektri yeRapp, kepha esikhundleni sombhalo wangaphambilini, izinhlamvu ezintathu ezidumile zeBMW zafakwa embuthanweni ohlangothini lwegolide.

Umbuthano wangaphakathi wahlukaniswa waba yimikhakha emi-4 - emibili emhlophe nemibili eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Le mibala ikhomba ngomsuka wenkampani, njengoba ingeyokufanekisela iBavaria. Isikhangiso sokuqala senkampani sasinomfanekiso wendiza endiza nophephela ojikelezayo, kwafakwa nombhalo weBMW eceleni komphetho wombuthano owalandela.

Le phosta yenzelwe ukukhangisa injini entsha yendiza, iphrofayili eyinhloko yenkampani. Kusukela ngo-1929 kuya ku-1942, uphephela ojikelezayo wawuhlotshaniswa nelogo yenkampani kuphela ngabasebenzisi bomkhiqizo. Bese abaphathi benkampani bakuqinisekisa ngokusemthethweni lokhu kuxhumana.

Kusukela kwakhiwa uphawu, ukwakheka kwalo akukashintshi ngendlela emangalisayo njengoba bekulokhu kunjalo nakwabanye abenzi, isibonelo, iDodge, lokho okutshelwe ngaphambili... Ochwepheshe benkampani abawuphikisi umqondo wokuthi ilogo ye-BMW namuhla inokuxhumana okuqondile nophawu lwendiza ejikelezayo, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ayikuqinisekisi.

Umlando wemoto kumamodeli

Umlando wezimoto wokukhathazeka uqala ngo-1928, lapho abaphathi benkampani bethatha isinqumo sokuthenga izimboni zezimoto eziningana eThuringia. Kanye nezinsiza zokukhiqiza, inkampani nayo ithole amalayisense okukhiqiza imoto encane iDixi (efana neBritish Austin 7).

Kuvele ukuthi kube wukutshala imali okuhlakaniphile, njengoba imoto encane ibisiza ngesikhathi sezinxushunxushu zezezimali. Abathengi babenentshisekelo kumamodeli anjalo nje avumela ukuhamba ngokukhululeka, kepha ngesikhathi esifanayo abadlanga uphethiloli omningi.

• 1933 - kubhekwe njengesiqalo sokukhiqizwa kwezimoto kungxenyekazi yayo. I-328 ithatha isici esidumile esehlukile esisekhona kuzo zonke izimoto zaseBavaria - emakhaleni e-grille. Imoto yezemidlalo ibonakale isebenza ngempumelelo yokuthi yonke eminye imikhiqizo yomkhiqizo iqale ukuthola isimo sezimoto ezinokwethenjelwa, ezisesitayeleni nezisheshayo ngokwakhona. Ngaphansi hood imodeli kwaba injini 6-isilinda, nekhanda isilinda eyenziwe ingxubevange impahla kanye ukushintshwa kwegesi indlela.
• I-1938 - iyunithi yamandla kagesi (52), eyakhiwe ngaphansi kwelayisense evela kwaPratt, ebizwa ngeWhitney, ifakwe kumodeli kaJunkers J132. Ngasikhathi sinye, umugqa wezinhlangano weza ngesithuthuthu sezemidlalo, isivinini esiphezulu saso sasingamakhilomitha angama-210 ngehora. Ngonyaka olandelayo, umgijimi uG. Mayer wawina i-European Championship kuwo.
• 1951 - ngemuva kwesikhathi eside futhi esinzima sokululama ngemuva kwempi, kukhishwa imodeli yokuqala yangemva kwempi yemoto - 501. Kodwa kwaba uchungechunge oluyinhlekelele olwasala ezinqolobaneni zomlando.
• 1955 - Le nkampani iphinde yandisa uhla lwayo lwamamodeli wesithuthuthu nge-chassis ethuthukisiwe. Ngawo lowo nyaka kwavela ingxube yesithuthuthu nemoto - Isetta. Umbono uphinde wamukelwa ngentshiseko njengoba umenzi enikeza abampofu izimoto ezingamakhasimende ezingabizi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inkampani, elindele ukukhula okusheshayo kokuthandwa, igxile emizamweni yayo ekwakheni ama-limousine. Kodwa-ke, lo mbono ucishe uholele ukukhathazeka ekuweni. Lo mkhiqizo uphumelela ngokulambisa ukugwema ukuthathwa ngenye into ekhathazayo, iMercedes-Benz. Okwesithathu, inkampani iqala cishe kusukela ekuqaleni.
• 1956 - ukuvela kwemoto eyisakhiwo sodumo - imodeli 507. Njengeyunithi yamandla we-roadster, kusetshenziswe i-aluminium block cylinders "yezimbiza" eziyi-8, umthamo wayo wawungamalitha angu-3,2. Injini enamandla angu-150 yasheshisa imoto yezemidlalo yamakhilomitha angama-220 ngehora. Kwakungumbhalo olinganiselwe - eminyakeni emithathu kuphela zingu-252 izimoto ezasuswa kulayini womhlangano, okuyizisulu ezifunwayo zanoma yimuphi umqoqi wezimoto.
• 1959 - ukukhululwa kwenye imodeli yimpumelelo - 700, okuyinto ifakwe emoyeni Ukupholisa.
• 1962 - Ukuvela kwemoto yezemidlalo elandelayo (imodeli 1500) kwajabulisa umhlaba wabashayeli kangangokuba amafemu ayengenaso isikhathi sokufeza ama-oda wangaphambilini wemoto.
• 1966 - ukukhathazeka kuvuselela isiko okwakudingeka likhohliwe iminyaka eminingi - izinjini ezingama-6-cylinder. I-BMW 1600-2 ivela, okuyisisekelo esakhiwe ngawo wonke amamodeli kuze kufike ku-2002.
• Ngo-1968 - inkampani yethula ama-sedan amakhulu angama-2500 kanye nama-2800. Ngenxa yentuthuko eyimpumelelo, ama-60s abonakala eyinzuzo enkulu ekukhathazekeni phakathi nobukhona bomkhiqizo (kuze kube sekuqaleni kwama-70s).
• 1970 - engxenyeni yokuqala yeminyaka eyishumi, umhlaba wezimoto uthola uchungechunge lwesithathu, lwesihlanu, lwesithupha nolwesikhombisa. Ukuqala nge-5-Series, i-automaker ikhulisa ububanzi bayo bemisebenzi, ingakhiqizi kuphela izimoto zezemidlalo, kepha futhi nezindawo zokunethezeka zikanokusho.
• Ngo-1973 - inkampani ikhiqiza imoto eyi-3.0 csl, engahlulwa ngaleso sikhathi, ifakwe intuthuko esezingeni eliphakeme yonjiniyela baseBavaria. Imoto yathatha ama-European Championship ayisithupha. Amandla ayo iyunithi ifakwe ekhethekile igesi ukusatshalaliswa indlela, lapho kwakukhona ezimbili eyanele futhi qeda valve ngayinye isilinda. Isistimu yamabhuleki ithole uhlelo olungakaze lubonwe lwe-ABS (yini eyingqayizivele yayo, efundwe kuyo ukubuyekeza okuhlukile).
• Ngo-1986 - enye intuthuko yenzeka emhlabeni we-motorsport - imoto entsha yezemidlalo iM3 iyavela. Imoto yayisetshenziselwa imijaho yesifunda emgwaqeni omkhulu, futhi njengenguqulo yomgwaqo yabashayeli abajwayelekile.
• 1987 - Imodeli yaseBavaria iwina umklomelo omkhulu emqhudelwaneni womjaho womhlaba wesifunda. Umshayeli wemoto nguRoberto Ravilla. Iminyaka emihlanu elandelayo, imodeli ayizange ivumele abanye abenzi bezimoto ukuthi basungule isigqi sabo sokugijima.
• 1987 - enye imoto iyavela, kodwa kulokhu bekuyiyo umabhebhana Z-1.
• 1990 - Ukukhishwa kwe-850i, eyayifakwe iyunithi yamandla kagesi ayi-12-cylinder ngokulawulwa kwe-elekthronikhi kwamandla kagesi wangaphakathi womlilo.
• 1991 - Ukuhlanganiswa kabusha kweJalimane kusiza ukusungulwa kweBMW Rolls-Royce GmbH. Le nkampani ikhumbula izimpande zayo futhi yakha enye injini yezindiza eyi-BR700.
• 1994 - ukukhathazeka kuthola iqembu lezimboni iRover, futhi ngalo likwazi ukuthatha isakhiwo esikhulu eNgilandi, ligxile ekukhiqizweni kwemikhiqizo iMG, Rover, kanye neLand Rover. Ngalesi sivumelwano, inkampani iqhubeka nokwandisa iphothifoliyo yayo yomkhiqizo ukufaka ama-SUV nezimoto zedolobha ezi-compact-ultra.
• 1995 - umhlaba wezimoto uthola inguqulo yokuvakasha ye-3-Series. Isici semoto kwakuyi-all-aluminium chassis.
• 1996 - I-Z3 7-Series ithola i-powertrain kadizili. Indaba iyaphindwa ngemodeli ye-1500th ka-1962 - izakhiwo zokukhiqiza azikwazi ukubhekana noku-oda kwemoto kubathengi.
• 1997 - abashayeli babona imodeli ekhethekile futhi eyingqayizivele impela yebhayisikili yomgwaqo - 1200 C. Imodeli yayihlonyelwe injini enkulu yesibhakela (amalitha ayi-1,17). Ngawo lowo nyaka kwavela i-roadster, yakudala kuzo zonke izindlela zegama - imoto yezemidlalo evulekile iBMW M.
• 1999 - ukuqala kokuthengiswa kwemoto ngemisebenzi yangaphandle - X5.
• 1999 - Abathandi bezimoto ezinhle zemidlalo bathola imodeli enhle kakhulu - i-Z8.
• 1999 - IMotor Show eFrankfurt iyimoto yomqondo wesikhathi esizayo eyiZ9 GT.
• 2004 - ukuqala kokuthengiswa kwemodeli engu-116i, ngaphansi kwe-hood lapho kwakukhona injini yomlilo yangaphakathi yama-1,6 litres nomthamo we-115 hp.
• 2006 - embukisweni wezimoto, inkampani yethula izethameli kwi-M6 eshintshwayo, eyathola injini yomlilo yangaphakathi yamasilinda ayi-10, ukuhanjiswa okulandelanayo okungama-7 okulandelana kwe-SMG. Imoto ikwazile ukuthatha ithuba lika-100 km / h ngemizuzwana engu-4,8.
• I-2007-2015 iqoqo ligcwaliswa kancane kancane ngamamodeli wesimanje ochungechunge lokuqala, lwesibili nolwesithathu.

Emashumini eminyaka alandelayo, lesi sikhondlakhondla sezimoto besivuselela amamodeli akhona, minyaka yonke sethula izizukulwane ezintsha noma ubuso obusha. Kancane kancane kwethulwe ubuchwepheshe obusha bokuphepha okusebenzayo nokwenziwa.

Umsebenzi wezandla kuphela osetshenziswa ezikhungweni zokukhiqiza zenkampani. Ingenye yezinkampani ezimbalwa ezingasebenzisi i-robotic conveyor.

Nayi isethulo esincane sevidiyo somqondo wemoto engenamuntu kusuka ekukhathazekeni kwaseBavaria:

IBMW idedela imoto yesikhathi esizayo yokugubha iminyaka engu-100 yasungulwa (izindaba)

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Obani iqembu leBMW? Imikhiqizo ehamba phambili emhlabeni jikelele: BMW, BMW Motorrad, Mini, Rolls-Royce. Ngaphezu kokukhiqiza ama-powertrains nezimoto ezahlukahlukene, inkampani inikeza izinsizakalo zezezimali.

Ikhiqizwa kuliphi idolobha iBMW? EJalimane: Dingolfing, Regensburg, Leipzig. E-Austria: Graz. ERussia, eKaliningrad. Mexico: San Luis Potosi. USA: Greer (Southern California).