Ungalinganisa kanjani ukuminyaniswa kwenjini

Inkomba kokucindezelwa iqembu isilinda-piston ikuvumela ukuba unqume isimo injini yomlilo yangaphakathi noma izakhi zayo ngazinye. Esikhathini esiningi, le pharamitha iyashintshwa lapho amandla weyunithi yamandla anciphe ngokuphawulekayo noma lapho kunezinkinga ngokuqalisa injini.

Ake sicabangele ukuthi ngaziphi izizathu ingcindezi kumasilinda ingase yehle noma inyamalale, ukuthi ungayihlola kanjani le parameter, yiliphi ithuluzi elidingekayo kulokhu, kanye nokunye kobuqili bale nqubo.

Okuboniswa ukukala kokucindezelwa: ukungasebenzi kahle okuyinhloko

Ngaphambi kokucabanga ukuthi ungalinganisa kanjani ukucindezelwa, udinga ukuqonda incazelo uqobo. Kuvame ukudideka ne-compression ratio. Empeleni, isilinganiso sokucindezelwa yisilinganiso sevolumu yalo lonke isilinda ukuya kumthamo wegumbi lokuminyanisa (isikhala esingenhla kwepiston lapho sisezingeni eliphezulu elifile).

Leli inani elihlala njalo, futhi liyashintsha lapho amapharamitha we-cylinder noma i-piston eshintsha (ngokwesibonelo, lapho kushintshwa i-piston kusuka ku-convex iye nakweyodwa, isilinganiso sokuminyaniswa siyancipha, njengoba ivolumu yegumbi lokucindezela landa). Ihlala ikhonjiswa ngengxenyana, ngokwesibonelo 1:12.

Ukuminyanisa (okuchazwa ngokunembile njengokucindezela kokuphela kokushaywa unhlangothi) kubhekisa ekucindezelweni okuphezulu okwenziwa yipiston lapho ifinyelela esikhungweni esiphezulu sokufa ekugcineni kwesifo sokucindezelwa (zombili izivalo zokudla nezokukhipha zivaliwe).

Ukuminyaniswa kuncike kwisilinganiso sokuminyaniswa, kepha ipharamitha yesibili ayincikile kweyokuqala. Inani lengcindezi ekugcineni kwesifo sokucindezelwa lincike ezintweni ezingeziwe ezingaba khona ngesikhathi sokulinganisa:

• ingcindezi ekuqaleni kwesifo sokucindezela;
• isikhathi se-valve silungiswa kanjani;
• izinga lokushisa ngesikhathi sokulinganisa;
• ukuvuza kusilinda;
• isivinini crankshaft ukuqala;
• ibhethri elifile;
• uwoyela omningi ngokweqile ku-cylinder (neqembu eligugile lama-cylinder-piston);
• ukumelana epayipini lokungenisa eliningi;
• injini uwoyela viscosity.

Abanye omakhenikha bazama ukukhulisa amandla enjini ngokwandisa isilinganiso sokucindezelwa. Eqinisweni, le nqubo ishintsha kancane kuphela le parameter. Ungafunda ngezinye izindlela zokwengeza "amahhashi" enjini. esihlokweni esehlukile.

Kushintshwe isilinganiso sokucindezelwa

Ithinta kanjani ingcindezi ekugcineni kwesifo sokucindezelwa? Nazi izici ezimbalwa nje:

1. Ukuqala okubandayo kwenjini. Lesi sici sibaluleke kakhulu ezinjinini zikadizili. Kuzo, ingxube kaphethiloli womoya iyasha ngenxa yokushisa komoya ocindezelwe kakhulu. Kumayunithi kaphethiloli, le parameter ibaluleke ngokulinganayo.
2. Kwezinye izimo, ukwehla kokucindezelwa kubangela ukwanda kwengcindezi yegesi crankcase. Ngenxa yalokhu, umthamo omkhulu womhwamuko kawoyela ubuyela enjinini, okuholela ekwandeni kobuthi bokukhipha, kanye nokukhohlisa ikamelo lomlilo.
3. Ukuguquguquka kwemoto. Ngokuncipha kokucindezelwa, ukuphendula kwe-injini mpintsha kwehla ngokuqaphelekayo, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kuyenyuka, izinga likawoyela kukhrankcase lehla ngokushesha (uma uwoyela uvuza eringini lokususa uwoyela, uwoyela uyasha, ohambisana nentuthu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ovela kumbhobho wokukhipha).

Alikho inani lendawo yonke yengcindezi ekugcineni kwesifo sokucindezelwa, ngoba kuya ngemingcele yeyunithi yamandla ngamanye. Ngenxa yalokhu, akunakwenzeka ukubiza inani lokucindezela jikelele kuwo wonke amayunithi wamandla. Le pharamitha ingatholakala emibhalweni yezobuchwepheshe yemoto.

Lapho kutholakala ushintsho kwingcindezi ngesikhathi sokulinganisa, lokhu kungakhombisa ukungasebenzi kahle okulandelayo:

• Amapistoni agugile. Njengoba lezi zingxenye zenziwe nge-aluminium, zizoguga ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Uma imbobo yakha ku-piston (iyasha), ukuminyana kuleso silinda kungancipha kakhulu noma kushabalale (kuya ngosayizi womgodi).
• Amaphayiphu okushisa. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka lapho ukuthungela kusethwe ngokungalungile. Kulokhu, ukushisa kwenhlanganisela yomoya-uphethiloli kwenzeka lapho i-valve ivulekile, okuholela ekushiseni kwemiphetho yayo. Enye imbangela yesihlalo se-valve noma ukushiswa kwepoppet yinhlanganisela yomoya / nophethiloli. Ukulahlekelwa kokucindezelwa nakho kungabangelwa ama-valve angahlali ngokuqinile (akhubazekile). Ukuvuleka phakathi kwe-valve nesihlalo sayo kubangela ukuvuza kwegesi ngaphambi kwesikhathi, okwenza ukuthi i-piston ikhishwe ngamandla anganele.
• Ukulimala kwekhilinda yekhanda lesilinda. Uma ngasizathu simbe iqhuma, amagesi azophunyuka kancane angene ekuqhekekeni okuvelayo (ingcindezi esesilinda iphezulu, futhi nakanjani bazothola "indawo ebuthakathaka").
• Ukufakwa kwendandatho yepiston. Uma izindandatho zisesimweni esihle, zizolawula ukuhamba kukawoyela futhi zivale ukunyakaza kwe-piston okushelelayo. Omunye umsebenzi wabo ukuhambisa ukushisa kusuka ku-piston kuya ezindongeni zesilinda. Lapho ukuqina kwamapiston okucindezela kuphukile, amagesi okukhipha angena esikhwameni sekhredithi ngezinga elikhulu, kunokuba asuswe ohlelweni lokukhipha. Uma izindandatho zokugoqa uwoyela zigqokiwe, i-lubricant eyengeziwe ingena egumbini lomlilo, okuholela ekusetshenzisweni kukawoyela okwandisiwe.

Futhi, ngesikhathi sokulinganisa, kufanelekile ukunaka ukuthi ingcindezi kumasilinda ishintshile kangakanani. Uma inqubo ibonise ukwehla okufananayo kwenkomba kuwo wonke amasilinda, lokhu kusho ukukhishwa kwemvelo kweqembu le-cylinder-piston (noma ezinye izingxenye zalo, ngokwesibonelo, izindandatho).

Lapho ingcindezi ekugcineni kokucinana kokucindezelwa kwesilinda esisodwa (noma eziningana) yehluke kakhulu ekucindezelweni kwabanye, lokhu kubonisa ukungasebenzi kahle kule yunithi. Phakathi kwezizathu kukhona okulandelayo:

• I-valve eshile;
• Izindandatho ze-piston ezixegayo (omakhenikha bakubiza ngokuthi “izindandatho zinamathele”);
• Ukushisa kwe-cylinder head gasket.

Imishini yokuzikala: i-compressometer ne-AGC

Kukalwa isilinganiso sokucindezelwa kwenjini ukukhomba ukungasebenzi ngendlela efanele kwe-injini. Amathuluzi alandelayo asetshenziselwa ukuxilongwa ngokunembile:

• I-Compressometer;
• Isiguquli;
• Isilinda sokuqina kwesilinda.

I-Compressometer

Ivumela isheke lesabelomali sesimo se-CPG. Imodeli eshibhile ibiza cishe u- $ 11. Kwanele ngezilinganiso ezimbalwa. Uhlobo olubiza kakhulu lubiza cishe ama- $ 25. Ikhithi yayo imvamisa ifaka ama-adaptha amaningana anamapayipi obude obuhlukile.

Kuyafaneleka ukunaka iqiniso lokuthi idivaysi ingaba nokukhiya okuhlanganisiwe, noma ingabanjwa. Esimweni sokuqala, ifakwa emgodini wepulagi, okwenza inqubo ibe lula futhi inembe kakhudlwana (ukuvuza okuncane kuyakhishwa). I-bushing yenjoloba yohlobo lwesibili lwamadivayisi kufanele icindezelwe ngokuqinile emgodini wekhandlela kahle.

Lo mshini ujwayelekile ingcindezi yokulinganisa nge-valve yokuhlola, evumela ukuthi ungagcini nje ngokubona inkomba, kepha futhi ukuyilungisa isikhashana. Kunconywa ukuthi i-valve yokuhlola ihlukane, futhi ingagculiseki ngaleyo igeji yengcindezi efakwe kuyo. Kulokhu, ukunemba kwesilinganiso kuzoba ngaphezulu.

Kukhona nama-compressometer kagesi. Lokhu kungumhloli wemoto okuvumela ukuthi ulinganise hhayi kuphela ingcindezi esesilindini, kodwa futhi nezinguquko zamanje esiqalisweni sokuqala ngesikhathi sokugwedla idle motor. Amadivayisi anjalo asetshenziswa eziteshini zezinsizakalo zobuchwepheshe ekuhloleni okujulile kwezimoto.

I-Compressograph

Le nguqulo ebiza kakhulu yegeji yokuminyanisa, engalinganisi kuphela ingcindezi kusilinda ngamunye, kepha futhi ikhiqiza nombiko wokuqhafaza wenodi ngayinye. Le divayisi ihlukaniswa njengemishini yobuchwepheshe. Izindleko zayo cishe zingama- $ 300.

Isilinda sokuvuza kwesilinda

Le divayisi ayilinganisi ukucindezela uqobo, kodwa i-vacuum ku-cylinder. Ikuvumela ukuthi uhlole isimo:

• amasilinda;
• amavolovolo;
• amasongo e-piston;
• ama-valve wokudla nokukhipha;
• ama-valve stem seal (noma ama-valve seal);
• ama-liners (gqoka);
• amasongo e-piston (ukupheka);
• ama-valve womshini wokusabalalisa igesi.

Ithuluzi likuvumela ukukala izinkomba ngaphandle kokuqaqa injini.

Ukuze uzihlole ekhaya, i-compressor yesabelomali yanele. Uma ekhombisa umphumela ophansi, kufanelekile ukuxhumana nesiteshi sesevisi ukuze ochwepheshe babone inkinga futhi benze ukulungiswa okudingekayo.

Ukukala kokucindezelwa kukaphethiloli nenjini kadizili

Izilinganiso zokucindezelwa kuzinjini zikaphethiloli nedizili zihlukile. Esimweni sokuqala, inqubo ilula kakhulu kunesesibili. Umehluko ulandelayo.

Injini kaphethiloli

Ingcindezi kuleli cala izolinganiswa ngezimbobo ze-spark plug. Ukuminyanisa kulula ukukala ngokwakho uma kukhona ukufinyelela okuhle kumakhandlela. Ngenqubo, i-compressometer ejwayelekile yanele.

Injini kadizili

Inhlanganisela yomoya kaphethiloli kule yunithi ibasa ngokuya ngomgomo ohlukile: hhayi kusuka enhlakeni eyenziwe ikhandlela, kodwa kusuka ekushiseni komoya ocindezelwe kusilinda. Uma ukuminyaniswa kwenjini enjalo kuphansi, injini kungenzeka ingaqali ngoba umoya awucindezelwanga futhi wafudunyezwa kangangoba uphethiloli uyasha.

Izilinganiso zenziwa ngokuqaqa kuqala izifaki kaphethiloli noma ama-glow plugs (kuya ngokuthi kulula ukufika kuphi nezincomo zomkhiqizi wemoto ethile). Le nqubo idinga amakhono athile, ngakho-ke umnikazi wemoto enenjini kadizili kungcono ukuxhumana nensizakalo.

Lapho uthenga i-compressor yemoto enjalo, udinga ukunquma kusengaphambili ukuthi isilinganiso sizokwenziwa kanjani - ngomgodi wombhobho noma ipulagi ekhanyayo. Kukhona ama-adaptha ahlukene ngamunye wabo.

Izilinganiso zokucindezelwa ezinjinini zikadizili azidingi ukucindezelwa esisekelweni segesi, ngoba ekuguqulweni okuningi ayikho i-valve mpintsha. Okuhlukile kuyinjini yomlilo yangaphakathi, lapho kufakwa khona okuphindwe kabili i-valve ekhethekile.

Imithetho eyisisekelo

Ngaphambi kokuthatha izilinganiso, kufanele ukhumbule imithetho eyisisekelo:

• Injini ifudunyezwa ize ifike ezingeni lokushisa elingu-60-80 degrees (imoto igijima kuze kuvuleke ifeni). Ukuhlonza izinkinga ngesiqalo "esibandayo", qala ulinganise ukuminyana enjinini ebandayo (okusho ukuthi, izinga lokushisa kwenjini yomlilo langaphakathi liyafana nelithempelesha lomoya), bese lifudunyezwa. Uma amasongo "enamathele" noma izingxenye zeqembu le-cylinder-piston zigugile kabi, khona-ke inkomba ekuqaleni "emakhazeni" izoba phansi, futhi lapho injini ifudumala, ingcindezi inyuka ngamayunithi amaningana.
• Uphethiloli unqanyuliwe. Enjinini e-carbureted, ungasusa ipayipi likaphethiloli kokufaka ngaphakathi bese uliphonsa esitsheni esingenalutho. Uma injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ingu-injector, ungavala ukunikezwa kwamandla kupompo kaphethiloli. Okokhelekayo akumele kufakwe kwisilinda ukuze kungagezi ugoqo lwamafutha. Ukuvala ukunikezwa kukaphethiloli kunjini kadizili, ungakhulula amandla i-valve ye-solenoid kulayini kaphethiloli noma uhambise phansi isigwedlo sepompo yokuvala umfutho ophakeme.
• Iskriphule wonke amakhandlela. Ukushiya wonke ama-spark plugs (ngaphandle kwesilinda esivivinywayo) kuzodala ukumelana okwengeziwe lapho ujika. i-crankshaft... Ngenxa yalokhu, isilinganiso sokucindezelwa sizokwenziwa ngejubane elihlukile lokuzungezisa i-crankshaft.
• Ibhethri eligcwaliswe ngokuphelele. Uma ikhishwa, ukujikeleza ngakunye okulandelayo kwe-crankshaft kuzokwenzeka kancane. Ngenxa yalokhu, ingcindezi yokugcina yesilinda ngayinye izohluka.
• Ukwenza i-crankhaft ngesivinini esisheshayo e-workshop, kungasetshenziswa amadivayisi wokuqala.
• Isihlungi somoya kufanele sihlanzeke.
• Enjini kaphethiloli, uhlelo lokushisa luvaliwe ukuze ibhethri lingadli amandla amaningi.
• Ukudluliswa kufanele kungathathi hlangothi. Uma imoto inokudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo, isikhethi kufanele sidluliselwe endaweni yeP (yokupaka).

Njengoba ingcindezi enkulu ku-cylinder yenjini kadizili idlula ama-atmospheres angama-20 (imvamisa ifinyelela kuma-atm angu-48), Bese kuzodingeka igeji efanelekile yengcindezi ukukala ukucindezelwa (umkhawulo wencindezi owandisiwe - imvamisa cishe u-60-70 atm.).

Kumayunithi kaphethiloli nodizili, ukuminyaniswa kukalwa ngokucwilisa i-crankshaft imizuzwana embalwa. Imizuzwana emibili yokuqala umcibisholo osesilinganisweni uzokhuphuka, bese uzoma. Lokhu kuzoba ingcindezi enkulu ekugcineni kwesifo sokucindezelwa. Ngaphambi kokuqala ukukala isilinda esilandelayo, igeji yengcindezi kufanele isethwe kabusha.

Ngaphandle kwe-compressor

Uma ithuluzi lamathuluzi lomshayeli lingenayo imitha yokucindezela yomuntu siqu, ungabheka ingcindezi ngaphandle kwalo. Vele, le ndlela ayinembile futhi ayinakuthenjelwa kuyo ukuthola isimo senjini. Esikhundleni salokho, kuyindlela yokusiza ukuthola ukuthi ukulahleka kwamandla kubangelwe ukungasebenzi kahle kwemoto noma cha.

Ukunquma ukuthi ingcindezi eyanele idaliwe yini kusilinda, ipulagi eyodwa ayikhishwa, bese kufakwa i-wad ephephandabeni elomile endaweni yayo (i-rag gag ayisebenzi). Ngokucindezelwa okujwayelekile, lapho crankshaft cranks, umfutho ophakeme we-gag kufanele udubule uphume emgodini we-spark plug. I-pop enamandla izokhala.

Uma kunezinkinga zengcindezi, i-wad isazogxuma iphume emthonjeni, kepha ngeke kube khona ukotini. Le nqubo kufanele iphindwe nge-cylinder ngayinye ngokwehlukana. Uma kwesinye sazo i-gag iqhume hhayi "ngempumelelo", imoto idinga ukuhanjiswa kwi-minder.

Kusetshenziswa i-compressometer

Kuhlobo lwakudala, izilinganiso zokucindezelwa ekhaya zenziwa kusetshenziswa i-compressometer. Ngenxa yalokhu, imoto iyafudumala. Ngemuva kwalokho wonke amakhandlela ayavulwa, futhi esikhundleni sawo, kusetshenziswa i-adaptha, ipayipi elixhunywe kugeji yengcindezi lifakwa kahle ekhandleleni (uma kusetshenziswa igeji yokucindezela, kufanele ifakwe ngokuqinile emgodini futhi ibanjwe ngokuqinile ukuze umoya ungaphumi esilindini).

Umsizi kufanele acindezele i-clutch pedal (ukwenza kube lula ngoqalayo ukuvula i-flywheel) ne-throttle (ukuvula i-throttle ngokuphelele). Ngaphambi kokulinganisa ukucindezelwa, umsizi uzama ukuqala injini ukukhipha umule nokufaka emgqonyeni.

Isiqalo sihlanekezelwe ekukhangeni cishe imizuzwana emihlanu. Imvamisa lesi sikhathi sanele ukuthi inaliti yokulinganisa inyuke futhi izinze.

Ukuminyanisa kanye mpintsha

Isikhundla se-valve mpintsha sishintsha isilinganiso sokucindezelwa, ngakho-ke, ukuthola ukuxilongwa okunembile kokungasebenzi kahle, isilinganiso kuqala sithathwa nge-mpintsha evulekile ngokuphelele, bese ivalwa.

I-damper evaliwe

Kulokhu, inani elincane lomoya lizongena kwisilinda. Ingcindezi yokugcina izobe iphansi. Lokhu kuhlolwa kukuvumela ukuthi uhlole kahle amaphutha. Lokhu yilokho ukucindezelwa okuphansi nge-throttle evaliwe okungakhombisa:

• Valve wanamathela;
• Ikhamera ye-Worn out camshaft;
• Ukungalingani kwe-valve esihlalweni;
• Ukuqhekeka odongeni lwesilinda;
• Ukushesha kwe-gasket yekhanda lesilinda.

Izinkinga ezinjalo zingavela ngenxa yokuwohloka kwemvelo kwezinye izingxenye. Kwesinye isikhathi ukungasebenzi kahle okunjalo kubangelwa ukulungiswa kwekhwalithi ye-ICE esezingeni eliphansi.

Vula i-damper

Kulokhu, umoya omningi uzongena kwisilinda, ngakho-ke ingcindezi ekugcineni kwesifo sokucindezela izobe iphakeme kakhulu kunalapho ulinganisa nge-damper evaliwe. Ngokuvuza okuncane, inkomba ngeke yehluke kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuxilongwa okunjalo kuvumela umuntu ukuthi anqume ukukhubazeka okukhulu kwi-CPG. Izinkinga ezingaba khona zifaka:

• Ishe ipiston;
• Izindandatho zihlanganisiwe;
• I-valve ishile noma isiqu sayo sikhubazekile;
• Iring iqhume noma ikhubazekile;
• Ukuqubuka kuye kwakha esibukweni sodonga esiyilinda.

Amandla okucindezela okwandayo nawo abalulekile. Uma incane ngesikhathi sokucindezelwa kokuqala, futhi yeqa kakhulu kokulandelayo, khona-ke lokhu kungakhombisa ukugqokwa okungenzeka kwamasongo e-piston.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwakheka okubukhali kwengcindezi ngesikhathi sokucindezelwa kokuqala, futhi ngesikhathi sokucindezela okulandelayo, akuguquki, kungakhombisa ukwephulwa kobunzima be-cylinder head gasket noma i-valve. Kungenzeka ukukhomba ukungasebenzi kahle usebenzisa ukuxilongwa okungeziwe.

Uma umnikazi wemoto ethatha isinqumo sokusebenzisa zombili izindlela zokukala ukuminyanisa, inqubo kufanele yenziwe kuqala nge-valve mpintsha evulekile. Ngemuva kwalokho udinga ukugoqa amakhandlela bese uvumela imoto ukuthi igijime. Lapho-ke ingcindezi ikalwa nge-damper evaliwe.

Ukuminyaniswa kokulinganisa ngokufaka uwoyela kusilinda

Uma ingcindezi kwelinye lamasilinda lehla, le ndlela elandelayo ingasetshenziswa, ezosiza ukuthola ngokunembile ukuthi yikuphi ukungasebenzi kahle okwenzekile. Ngemuva kokutholwa kwesilinda "senkinga", kuthululwa u-5-10 wamamililitha kawoyela omsulwa ngesirinji. Udinga ukuzama ukusabalalisa eceleni kwezindonga zesilinda, futhi ungawuthululeli ezansi kwepiston.

Ukuthanjiswa okungeziwe kuzoqinisa i-wedge kawoyela. Uma isilinganiso sesibili sikhombise ukwanda okukhulu kokucindezelwa (mhlawumbe kuphakeme kakhulu kunengcindezi kwamanye amasilinda), khona-ke lokhu kukhombisa inkinga ngamasongo - abambekile, aphukile noma aphekiwe.

Uma inkomba yokuminyanisa ngemuva kokufaka uwoyela ayizange ishintshe, kepha yahlala isephansi, lokhu kukhombisa izinkinga zokwephula ukuqina kwe-valve (okushisiwe, izikhala zilungiswa ngokungalungile). Umphumela ofanayo ubangelwa ukulimala kwe-cylinder head gasket, ukuqhuma kwepiston noma ukutubeka kwayo. Kunoma ikuphi, uma kukhona ukungafani phakathi kokufundwa kwemitha nedatha esemibhalweni yezobuchwepheshe yemoto, kufanele uxhumane nabachwepheshe.

Sihlola imiphumela etholakele

Uma inkomba yengcindezi kumasilinda ihluka kancane (ukusabalala kwezinkomba ngaphakathi komoya owodwa), khona-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi iqembu le-cylinder-piston lisesimweni esihle.

Kwesinye isikhathi ku-cylinder esehlukile i-compressor ikhombisa ingcindezi enkulu ukwedlula eminye. Lokhu kukhombisa ukungasebenzi kahle kule node. Isibonelo, iringi yokususa uwoyela iyavuza uwoyela othile, "obamba" inkinga. Kulokhu, imali ekhishwa uwoyela izobonakala ku-electrode yekhandlela (ungafunda ngezinye izinhlobo zekhabhoni ezifakwa emakhandleleni lapha).

Abanye abashayeli bathatha izilinganiso zokucindezelwa kwenjini yemoto, isithuthuthu noma ugandaganda ohamba ngemuva ukubala isikhathi esisele kuze kuphele ukulungiswa kophiko lwamandla. Eqinisweni, le nqubo ayifundisi kangako.

Iphutha elilinganayo lokuxilongwa okunjalo likhulu kakhulu ukuthi isilinganiso sokucindezelwa sibe yipharamitha eyinhloko ekuvumela ukuthi umise isimo ngqo se-CPG. Ukuminyaniswa kuthonywa yizici eziningi ezingeziwe, kuboniswe ekuqaleni kwendatshana... Umfutho wegazi ojwayelekile awukhombisi njalo ukuthi i-CPH ijwayelekile.

Amanzi yisibonelo esisodwa. Imoto ye-mileage ephezulu. Imoto i-carbure, ukucindezela okukuyo kungu-1.2 MPa. Lokhu kuyinsakavukela yemoto entsha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela kufinyelela amalitha amabili kumakhilomitha ayi-1 000. Lesi sibonelo sikhombisa ukuthi izilinganiso zokucindezelwa akuyona i- "panacea" yokuxazulula zonke izinkinga ngemoto. Esikhundleni salokho, kungenye yezinqubo ezifakiwe ekuhloleni okuphelele kwenjini.

Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, ungabheka ukucindezelwa kumasilinda ngokwakho. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuzosiza ekutholeni ukuthi ngabe imoto idinga ukuhanjiswa kwi-minder. Ochwepheshe kuphela abangaqhuba ukuxilongwa kwezinjini ezinekhono, futhi banqume ukuthi iyiphi ingxenye edinga ukuguqulwa.

Ukulinganisa kokucindezelwa kwamakhaza noma okushisayo

Izilinganiso zokucindezelwa kwenjini kadizili zenziwa ngendlela ehluke kancane, ngoba lolu phiko lwamandla lusebenza ngokuya ngomgomo ohlukile (umoya nophethiloli kuxubene ngqo ngesikhathi kufakwa udizili egumbini, nangenxa yokucindezelwa komoya okuqinile , le ngxube ivutha ngokuzenzekelayo). Ngendlela, ngoba umoya kumasilinda wenjini kadizili kufanele ushise kusuka kokucindezelwa, khona-ke ukuminyaniswa kwenjini enjalo kuzobe kuphakeme kune-analogue kaphethiloli.

Okokuqala, i-valve evula ukunikezwa kukaphethiloli icishiwe enjinini kadizili. Ukunikezwa kukaphethiloli nakho kungavalwa ngokucindezela i-cutoff lever efakwe kupompo lomjovo. Ukunquma ukucindezelwa enjinini enjalo, kusetshenziswa imitha yokuncipha ekhethekile. Izinhlobo eziningi zikadizili azinayo i-valve mpintsha, ngakho-ke asikho isidingo sokucindezela i-accelerator pedal ngenkathi uthatha izilinganiso. Uma i-damper isafakiwe emotweni, khona-ke kufanele ihlanzwe ngaphambi kokuthatha izilinganiso.

Ngokuya ngemiphumela, isimo seqembu le-cylinder-piston leyunithi sinqunyiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukunaka kakhulu umehluko phakathi kwezinkomba zamasilinda ngazinye kunenani lesilinganiso sokucindezela kuyo yonke injini. Izinga lokugqoka kwe-CPG nalo linqunyiwe kucatshangelwa izinga lokushisa kukawoyela enjinini yomlilo yangaphakathi, umoya ongenayo, ijubane lokujikeleza kwe-crankshaft neminye imingcele.

Isimo esibalulekile okufanele sicatshangelwe lapho kulinganiswa ukucindezelwa, kungakhathalekile ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwamandla kagesi, ukufudumeza injini. Ngaphambi kokuxhuma i-compressor kumasilinda, kubalulekile ukuletha injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ekushiseni okusebenzayo. Lokhu kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi uwoyela ofanele uyabuyiselwa emuva, njengalapho imoto ihamba. Ngokuyinhloko, ithempelesha oyifunayo ifinyelelwa ngesikhathi lapho ifeni yohlelo lokupholisa ivuleka (uma ngabe isikali senjini se-thermometer singenazo izinombolo, kepha ukwahlukana kuphela).

Enjini kaphethiloli, njengakwinjini kadizili, kuyadingeka ukuvala ukunikezwa kukaphethiloli. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokuqinisa amandla futha kaphethiloli (lokhu kusebenza kubajovo). Uma imoto ishiswa ngophethiloli, ipayipi likaphethiloli linqanyuliwe ku-carburetor, umkhawulo wamahhala wehliselwa esitsheni esingenalutho. Isizathu sale nqubo ukuthi ipompo kaphethiloli emotweni enjalo ine-mechanical drive futhi izoshaya uphethiloli. Ngaphambi kokuxhuma i-compressor, kuyadingeka ukushisa wonke uphethiloli ovela ku-carburetor (vumela umshini ugijime kuze kube yilapho izitokisi zenjini).

Okulandelayo, WONKE amakhoyili okushisa angavuleki (uma umshini usebenzisa i-SZ ngayinye kusilinda ngamunye). Uma lokhu kungenziwanga, lapho kwenziwa inqubo, bazomane baphele. Futhi, WONKE ama-spark plugs akhishiwe ku-cylinders. I-compressor ixhunywe kwisilinda ngayinye ngokulandelana. Kuyadingeka ukuba uvule i-crankshaft kaningana ngokuqalisa (kuze kube yilapho ingcindezi esikalini iyeka ukwanda). Imiphumela iqhathaniswa nenani lefektri (lolu lwazi lukhonjiswa kumiyalo yomshini).

Kunemibono emibili ephikisanayo phakathi kwabashayeli mayelana nokuthi ikuhlola nini ukucindezelwa: kubanda noma kuyashisa. Mayelana nalokhu, inkomba enembile kunazo zonke kuzoba yisilinganiso esithathwe ngemuva kokufudunyezwa kwemoto, ngoba ayikho ifilimu kawoyela phakathi kwamasongo nodonga lwesilinda endaweni ebandayo. Ngokwemvelo, kulokhu, ukucindezelwa kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi kuzoba ngaphansi kunangemva kokufudumala. Uma lokhu "kubuyela emuva" kususwa, lapho iyunithi lishisa, ngenxa yokwanda kwendandatho, isibuko sesilinda sizolimala.

Kodwa lapho injini ingaqali nhlobo, kufanelekile ukuhlola ukucindezelwa kwamakhaza ukuze ubone noma uqede izinkinga ngeqembu le-cylinder-piston. Ngenqubo yokwenza le nqubo, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izilinganiso zithathwa kokubandayo, ngakho-ke inkomba efanelekayo kufanele ibe phansi kunaleyo eshiwo ngumenzi.

Esinye isici okufanele usicabangele, noma ngabe ukucindezelwa kuvivinywa nini, ukukhokhiswa kwebhethri. I-starter kufanele inikeze ukujikeleza kwekhwalithi ephezulu kwekhwalithi, okunganikeza imiphumela engalungile ebhethri elifile. Uma ibhethri "liphila ngezinsuku zalo zokugcina", lapho kusenqubo yokulinganisa ukucindezelwa, ishaja ingaxhunyaniswa nomthombo wamandla.

Izimpawu zokuncipha kokuncipha

Ngenxa yokwehla kwesilinganiso sokuminyaniswa, izinkinga ezilandelayo nge-motor kungenzeka:

• Imoto ilahlekelwe ukudonsa. Amagesi okukhipha kanye nenhlanganisela evuthayo kancane kungena kwi-crankcase yenjini. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-piston iphushelwa esikhungweni esiphezulu esifile hhayi ngamandla anjalo;
• Amafutha adinga ukuguqulwa, noma imoto ingayigcini ibanga elibekiwe (i-lubricant iba manzi kakhulu futhi iba mnyama ngokufanele). Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inani elithile lenhlanganisela yamafutha omoya lingena ohlelweni lokuthambisa, bese kuthi kamuva uwoyela ushise ngokushesha;
• Ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kuye kwanda ngokuphawulekayo, kodwa umshayeli akazange ayishintshe indlela yakhe yokushayela, futhi nemoto ayithutha impahla eningi.

Uma okungenani eyodwa yalezi zimpawu ezibalwe ivela, akunconywa ukuqhubeka nokuqhuba imoto kuze kube yilapho imbangela yalezi zimpawu isiqediwe. Okokuqala, ayinasisekelo kwezomnotho. Okwesibili, ngenxa yezinkinga ezivelile, kungekudala noma kamuva, okunye ukuwohloka okuhlobene kweyunithi kuzovela endleleni. Futhi lokhu kuzophinde kuthinte kabi ukushuba kwesikhwama semoto somshayeli.

Izizathu zokwehla kokucindezelwa kumasilinda

Ukucindezela emotweni kuncipha ngenxa yezizathu ezilandelayo:

• Ngenxa yokwakheka kwamakhabhoni engxenyeni engaphakathi yamasilinda nama-piston, ayashisa kakhulu (ukushintshana ngokushisa kubi kakhulu), futhi ngenxa yalokhu, ukushisa kwepiston kungenzeka noma amadiphozi ekhabhoni azonwaya isibuko sodonga lwesilinda;
• Ngenxa yokudluliswa kokushisa okuphazamisekile, imifantu ingakhiwa ezingxenyeni ze-CPG (ukushisa okukhulu ngaphandle kokupholisa okulandelayo);
• Ukudinwa kwepiston;
• I-cylinder head gasket ishile yaphela;
• Amaphayiphu akhubazekile;
• Isihlungi somoya esingcolile (umthamo ofanele womoya ohlanzekile awumunciwe kumasilinda, yingakho ingxube yephethiloli yomoya ingacindezelwa kahle).

Akunakwenzeka ukunquma ukuthi kungani ukulahleka kokucindezelwa kwenzeke, ngokubukeka ngaphandle kokuqaqa imoto. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukwehla okukhulu kule nkomba kuyisiginali sokuxilongwa nokulungiswa okulandelayo kwemoto.

Ekupheleni kokubuyekezwa, sinikela ngevidiyo emfushane yokuthi kukalwa kanjani injini yangaphakathi yomlilo:

Impilo ibuhlungu lapho ukucindezelwa kungunothi

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Ungalinganisa kanjani ukuminyaniswa kwenjini ye-carburetor. Lokhu kuzodinga umsizi. Ehlezi egumbini lomgibeli, ucindezela ngokuphelele i-pedator ye-accelerator futhi aqhube ukuqala, njengalapho eqala iyunithi yamandla. Imvamisa, le nqubo idinga amasekhondi amahlanu wokusebenza kokuqala. Umcibisholo wokucindezela ku-compressor uzokhula kancane kancane. Lapho nje ifinyelela endaweni ephezulu, izilinganiso zithathwa njengeziphelele. Le nqubo yenziwa ngamakhandlela aphendukele ngaphandle. Izinyathelo ezifanayo ziyaphindwa kusilinda ngamunye.

Ungakuhlola kanjani ukuminyaniswa kwenjini yomjovo. Isisekelo sokuhlola ukucindezelwa ku-injector asihlukile ekusebenzeni okufanayo nophiko lwe-carburetor. Kodwa kudingeka ucabangele ama-nuances ambalwa. Okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukukhubaza inzwa ye-crankshaft ukuze ingalimazi izilawuli ze-ECU. Okwesibili, kuyadingeka ukukhipha amandla futha kaphethiloli ukuze ingaphephethi uphethiloli ngokungasizi.

Ungalinganisa kanjani ukucindezela okubandayo noma okushisayo. Isilinganiso sokucindezelwa kwenjini ebandayo neyashisayo akuhlukile. Okuwukuphela kwenani langempela kungatholakala kuphela kunjini evuthayo yangaphakathi yomlilo. Kulokhu, sekuvele kukhona ifilimu kawoyela ezindongeni zamasilinda, eziqinisekisa ingcindezi enkulu kumasilinda. Kuphiko lamandla abandayo, le nkomba kufanele ihlale iphansi kunenkomba echazwe i-automaker.