Okudingayo ukwazi ngokunakekelwa kwebhethri yemoto?

Ukugcinwa kwebhethri nokuhlanza ukuphela ngebhulashi locingo

Ukugcinwa kwebhethri. Hlola ibhethri, uma amaseli aqhephukile, ibhethri libuyiselwa ukulungiswa. Kususwa uthuli nenhlabathi, kuhlanzwa izimbobo zamapulagi noma zamabhodlela. Hlola amazinga e-electrolyte kuwo wonke amabhethri. Izinga le-electrolyte lihlolwe nge-densimeter. Ngalokhu, izimbobo ezinobubanzi obungu-2 mm zibholwa kumathiphu azo ebangeni elingu-15 mm ukusuka enqenqemeni engezansi. Lapho uhlola, khipha ama-plugs kwizembozo zebhethri. Iphoyinti le-densimeter lehliselwa emgodini ngamunye ukugcwalisa igridi yokuvikela ize ime. Cindezela bese uqaqa isibani, unqume ukugcwaliswa kwebhokisi nge-electrolyte nobukhulu bayo. Uma ingekho i-electrolyte lapho ileveli ingaphansi komgodi obiwe, gcwalisa iflask yensimbi yokulinganisa ngamanzi afriziwe bese uyifaka ebhetri. Ngemuva kokubheka izinga le-electrolyte, isikulufa kuma-caps.

Ukuhlolwa kwebhethri nokugcinwa kwayo

Qiniseka ukuthi izingalo zezintambo zokuqala zixhunywe ngokuphephile kumatheminali ebhethri. Indawo yabo yokuxhumana kufanele ibe ne-oxidized ngangokunokwenzeka. Uma imibhobho nezimbobo zixhuma, zihlanzwa ngephepha elicasulayo, ligingqelwe kwisigaxa esinqunyiwe bese lizungeziswa. Zihamba nge-axially. Ngemuva kokukhipha ukuphela kwezintambo namatheminali ebhethri, sula nge-rag. Zigcotshiswe ngaphakathi nangaphandle ngeVaseline VTV-1 yezobuchwepheshe futhi ziqinise ngokuphepha amabhawodi, igweme ukungezwani nokusonteka kwezintambo. Ukugcinwa kwebhethri. Ku-TO-2, ngaphezu kokusebenza kwe-TO-1, ubukhulu be-electrolyte nezinga lokuhlanjululwa kuhlolwe. Ubuningi be-electrolyte emabhethri bunqunywa yi-KI-13951 densitometer. Inomzimba wepulasitiki onombhobho, iflabha yenjoloba nokuntanta okuyisithupha kwe-cylindrical.

Ukugcinwa kwebhethri nokubalwa kwabantu

Idizayinelwe amanani wobuningi 1190, 1210, 1230, 1250, 1270, 1290 kg / m3. Lapho i-electrolyte idonswa ngenhla komzimba we-densitometer, iyantanta, ehambelana nobukhulu obulinganisiwe nobuphansi be-electrolyte density. Ngokuqondile, ubukhulu be-electrolyte bunqunywa ngobuningi bebhethri, imitha lomswakama onesikali esilinganisweni se-1100-1400 km / m3. Futhi intengo yesigaba esisodwa esikalini ingama-10 kilograms / m8. Lapho ulinganisa ubukhulu, ichopho le-densimeter licwiliswa ngokulandelana kwibhethri ngalinye. Ngemuva kokukhama ibhodlela lenjoloba kanye nasebhodleleni lapho i-hydrometer intanta khona, kuqoqwa inani elithile le-electrolyte. Ubuningi be-electrolyte bubalwa esikalini se-hydrometer maqondana ne-meniscus ephansi ye-electrolyte. Umehluko kokuminyana kwama-electrolyte kumabhethri akumele kweqe ama-20 kg / m3. Ngomehluko omkhulu, ibhethri selishintshiwe.

Ubuningi be-Electrolyte

Uma amanzi afakiwe afakwa ebhethri, ubukhulu bukalwa ngemuva kwemizuzu engu-30-40 yokusebenza kwenjini. Ikakhulu, ubukhulu be-electrolyte bungalinganiswa ekugcineni kokushaja kokugcina lapho kufakwa ibhethri elisha. I-densimeter kawoyela isetshenziswa kuflask cylindrical enobubanzi obungu-20 mm. Izinga lokukhishwa linganqunywa ngobuningi obuphansi obulinganiswa kwelinye lamabhethri. Uma izinga lokushisa le-electrolyte lingaphansi noma likhulu kuno-20 ° C, izinga lokushisa lilungiswa ngokuya ngobukhulu obulinganisiwe be-electrolyte. Ukugcinwa kwebhethri. Ngokuya ngobuningi bokushaja kwebhethri, iziphikisi zidala izinketho ezintathu zokushaja amabhethri. Ngokukhokhiswa ngegama kwebhethri okungama-40-65 Ah, banikeza ukumelana okwengeziwe ngokugoqa kwesobunxele nangokuqaqa amatheminali afanele.

Ukugcinwa kwebhethri

Lapho ukhokhiswa ku-70-100 Ah, banokumelana okuncane. Ngokugoqa ngakwesobunxele nangokuqaqa amatheminali afanele, ngecala elingu-100-135 Ah, bavulela zombili iziphikisi ngokufana, bajije amatheminali amabili. Umthamo webhethri eligcwaliswe ngokuphelele akumele wehle ngaphansi kuka-1,7 V. Umehluko wamandla kagesi phakathi kwamabhethri angafanele weqe ku-0,1 V. Uma umehluko mkhulu kunaleli nani noma ibhethri likhishwa ngaphezu kwama-50% ehlobo nangaphezulu kwama-25% ebusika. Amabhethri amashajiwe omile omisiwe futhi i-electrolyte ilungiselelwe ukusetshenziswa. Ukwenza lokhu, sebenzisa i-acid sulfuric acid, amanzi acolisisiwe, nengilazi ehlanzekile, i-porcelain, i-ebonite noma iziqukathi zomthofu. Ubuningi be-electrolyte ethelwe kufanele bube ngama-20-30 kg / m3 ngaphansi kobuningi obudingekayo ngaphansi kwalezi zimo zokusebenza.

Ukugcinwa kwebhethri elishajiwe elomile

Ngoba inqwaba yamapuleti asebhetri asebhetri omile afika ku-20% noma ngaphezulu i-sulphate yomthofu, okuthi uma ishajiwe, iphenduke umthofu wesiponji, i-lead dioxide ne-sulfuric acid. Inani lamanzi acolisisiwe ne-sulfuric acid adingekayo ukulungisa ilitha elilodwa le-electrolyte lincike ekumeni kwawo. Ukulungisa ivolumu edingekayo ye-electrolyte. Isibonelo, ngebhethri le-1ST-6, lapho kuthululwa khona amalitha ama-75 e-electrolyte anesisindo esingu-5 kg / m1270, amanani asezingeni elilingana no-3 kg / m1270 aphindaphindwa ngamahlanu, athelwa ku-porcelain ehlanzekile, i-ebonite noma ingilazi yeglasi ene-3. -0,778 = 5 amalitha amanzi acolisisiwe. Futhi ngenkathi uvusa, uthele u-3,89-0,269 = 5 amalitha e-sulfuric acid ezingxenyeni ezincane. Akuvunyelwe nakancane ukuthela amanzi ku-asidi, ngoba lokhu kuzoholela ekubiliseni indiza yamanzi nokudedelwa kwemiphunga namaconsi e-sulfuric acid.

Ungagcina kanjani ibhethri

I-electrolyte evelayo ixutshwe kahle, ipholile ekushiseni kwe-15-20 ° C futhi ubukhulu bayo buhlolwa nge-densimeter. Lapho uthintana nesikhumba, i-electrolyte iyagezwa ngesisombululo se-sodium bicarbonate esingu-10%. Thela i-electrolyte emabhethri usebenzisa amagilavu ​​wenjoloba usebenzisa inkomishi ye-porcelain kanye nofelethi wengilazi kuze kufike ku-10-15 mm ngaphezu kwe-rack rack. Amahora ama-3 ngemuva kokugcwaliswa, linganisa ukuminyana kwama-electrolyte kuwo wonke amabhethri. Ukulawula izinga lokushaja lamapuleti amabi. Ngemuva kwalokho yenza imijikelezo embalwa yokulawula. Emjikelezweni wokugcina, ekugcineni kokushaja, ubukhulu be-electrolyte bulethwa kunani elifanayo kuwo wonke amabhethri ngokungeza amanzi acolisisiwe noma i-electrolyte ngobuningi be-1400 kg / m3. Ukuthumela ngaphandle kwemijikelezo yoqeqesho kuvame ukusheshisa ukukhishwa futhi kufinyeze impilo yebhethri.

Inani lamanje lokushaja nokugcinwa kwebhethri

Inani lamanje lamashaji okuqala nawalandelayo livamise ukunakekelwa ngokulungisa ishaja. Isikhathi sokushaja kokuqala sincike ebangeni nasekugcinweni kwebhethri. Kuze kuthululwe i-electrolyte futhi ingafinyelela emahoreni angama-25-50. Ukushaja kuyaqhubeka kuze kube nokuvela okukhulu kwegesi kuwo wonke amabhethri. Futhi ukuminyana namandla we-electrolyte ahlala njalo amahora amathathu, okukhombisa ukuphela kokushaja. Ukwehlisa ukugqwala kwamapuleti amahle, amandla wamanje wokushaja ekugcineni kwenkokhiso angancishiswa ngesigamu. Khipha ibhethri ngokuxhuma i-rheostat yocingo noma ipuleti kumatheminali ebhethri nge-ammeter. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukusethwa kwayo kugcinwa yinani lokukhishwa lamanje elilingana no-3 wenkokhelo yebhethri yokuzisholo ku-Ah.

Ukushaja nokugcina amabhethri

Ukushaja kuyaphela lapho amandla ebhethri amabi kakhulu engu-1,75 V. Ngemuva kokukhishwa, ibhethri likhokhiswa ngokushesha ngemali yamanje yamashaji alandelayo. Uma ukushaja kwebhethri okutholwe ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kokuqala kunganele, umjikelezo wokulawula nokuvivinya umzimba uyaphindwa. Gcina amabhethri amashajiwe omile emakamelweni omile anamazinga okushisa omoya angaphezulu kuka-0 ° C. Ukushaja okomile kuqinisekisiwe unyaka owodwa, kanti ishalofu lonke liyiminyaka emithathu kusukela ngosuku lokwenziwa ngalo. Ngoba ukukhishwa kuphela impahla yaphakade yebhethri nokuqina kwayo lapho isetshenziswa futhi igcinwa isesimweni sokushaja ngokugcwele yinde. Kunconywa ukuthi ubakhokhise njalo ngenyanga ngogesi lapho ugcina amabhethri, unxephezela ukukhishwa kuphela nokuvimbela ukulahleka kwe-electrolyte.

Ukugcinwa kwebhethri

Ukushaja kwamanje okuphansi, kusetshenziswa kuphela amabhethri aqinile, amashaji ngokuphelele ukuhlola ubukhulu bezinga kanye ne-electrolyte level. Kulokhu, i-voltage yokushaja kufanele ibe sebangeni lika-2,18-2,25 V webhethri ngalinye. Amashaja amancane angasetshenziselwa ukushaja amabhethri asezingeni eliphansi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, isilungisi se-VSA-5A singanikeza ngokushaja okuncane kwamabhethri angama-200-300. Ubukhulu bama-electrode abudluli ku-1,9 mm, ama-separators enziwe ngendlela yephakeji, afakwa kuma-electrode ane-polarity efanayo. Nge-TO-2, kususwa ukungcola kula mabhethri, kuvuleka imiphetho kuma-plugs, futhi ukuxhumana kwezintambo kuhlolwe ukuqina. Amanzi acolisisiwe angezwa ngaphezu kwesisodwa njalo eminyakeni eyodwa nengxenye kuya kwemibili. Ukulawula ileveli ye-electrolyte, kunamamaki odongeni lwecala le-monoblock eguquguqukayo emazingeni aphansi futhi aphezulu we-electrolyte.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Ungakhuphula kanjani ukuminyana kwe-electrolyte ebhethri? Uma ukuminyana kwe-electrolyte kungabuyiswanga ngemva kokushaja, i-electrolyte (hhayi amanzi agayiwe) ingangezwa kuketshezi.

Unganciphisa kanjani ukuminyana kwe-electrolyte ebhethri? Indlela eqinisekile ukufaka amanzi acwebile ku-electrolyte bese ushaja ibhethri. Uma amathini egcwele, inani elincane le-electrolyte kufanele likhishwe.

Kufanele kube yini ukuminyana kwe-electrolyte ebhethrini? Ukuminyana kwe-electrolyte kufanele kufane kuseli ngalinye lebhethri. Le pharamitha kufanele ibe phakathi kuka-1.27 g/cc.

Yini okufanele uyenze uma ubukhulu be-electrolyte buphansi? Ungashintsha ngokuphelele i-electrolyte ebhethrini noma ulethe isixazululo ekugxiliseni okufunayo. Ngendlela yesibili, kuyadingeka ukwengeza inani elifanayo le-asidi ezitsheni.