Fiat

Okuqukethwe UmsunguliEmblemUmlando womkhiqizo wezimoto kumamodeliImibuzo nezimpendulo: Emhlabeni wokukhiqiza izimoto, iFiat inendawo yokuhlonishwa. Ingenye yezinkampani ezaziwayo zokukhiqiza izindlela zemishini yezolimo, ukwakhiwa, ukuthuthwa kwempahla kanye nokuthutha abagibeli, futhi-ke, izimoto. Umlando womhlaba wonke wemikhiqizo yezimoto uhambisana nokuthuthukiswa okuyingqayizivele kwezenzakalo ezilethe inkampani ekuveleni okunjalo. Nansi indaba yokuthi iqembu losomabhizinisi likwazile kanjani ukwenza ukukhathazeka ngemoto enkampanini eyodwa. Umsunguli Ekuqaleni kwemboni yezimoto, abathandi bezimoto abaningi baqala ukuzibuza ukuthi kufanele yini baqale ukukhiqiza izimoto zemikhakha eyahlukene. Kwaphakama umbuzo ofanayo ezingqondweni zeqembu elincane losomabhizinisi base-Italy. Umlando we-automaker uqala ehlobo lika-1899 edolobheni laseTurin. Ngokushesha inkampani yathola igama elithi FIAT (Fabbrica Italiana Automobili Torino). Ekuqaleni, le nkampani yahlanganyela ekuhlanganiseni izimoto ze-Renault, ezazifakwe izinjini ze-De Dion-Bouton. Ngaleso sikhathi kwakungenye yezingxenye zamandla ezinokwethenjelwa kakhulu eYurophu. Zathengwa ngabakhiqizi abahlukene, zafakwa ezimotweni zabo. Isitshalo sokuqala senkampani sakhiwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19 nelama-20. Yayiqashe abasebenzi abayikhulu nengxenye. Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, u-Giovanni Agnelli waba yi-CEO yenkampani. Lapho uhulumeni wase-Italy eqeda umsebenzi omkhulu wokuthengwa kwensimbi kwamanye amazwe, inkampani yasheshe yandisa ububanzi bomsebenzi wayo, futhi yaqala ukukhiqiza amaloli, amabhasi, izinjini zemikhumbi nezindiza, kanye nezinye izinto zezolimo. Kodwa-ke, abashayeli bathanda kakhulu ukuqala kokukhiqizwa kwezimoto zabagibeli zale nkampani. Ekuqaleni, lawa kwakungamamodeli okunethezeka kuphela ayengahlukaniswa ngobulula bawo. Izicukuthwane kuphela ezazikwazi ukuzikhokhela. Kodwa, naphezu kwalokhu, okukhethekile kwahlakazeka ngokushesha, njengoba uphawu lwaluvame ukuvela phakathi kwabahlanganyeli bezinhlanga ezihlukahlukene. Ngalezo zinsuku, kwakuyiphedi yokwethula enamandla eyayikuvumela ukuthi "uguqule" umkhiqizo wakho. Uphawu Uphawu lokuqala lwenkampani ludalwe umdwebi owalubonisa ngesimo sesikhumba esidala esinombhalo. Umbhalo bekuyigama eliphelele le-automaker esanda kwenziwa. Ukuhlonipha ukwanda kobubanzi bemisebenzi, abaphathi benkampani banquma ukushintsha ilogo (1901). Kwakuyipuleti loqweqwe oluluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, lapho isifinyezo esiphuzi somkhiqizo esinomumo woqobo wohlamvu A saqoshwa khona (le nto isalokhu ingashintshile kuze kube namuhla). Ngemva kweminyaka engu-24, inkampani inquma ukushintsha isitayela somfanekiso. Manje lo mbhalo wawubhalwe ngemuva obomvu, futhi kwavela umqhele we-laurel nxazonke. Le logo ikhombise ukunqoba okuningi emiqhudelwaneni eyahlukene yezimoto. Ngo-1932, ukuklanywa kwesibonakaliso kuyashintsha futhi, futhi kulokhu kuthatha uhlobo lwesihlangu. Le nto eyenziwe ngesitayela ihlanganiswe kahle nama-grille asekuqaleni amamodeli angaleso sikhathi aphuma emigqeni yokukhiqiza. Kulo mklamo, ilogo yathatha iminyaka engu-36 elandelayo. Yonke imodeli eye yaphuma emgqeni wokukhiqiza kusukela ngo-1968 inezinhlamvu ezine ezifanayo ku-grille, ngokubukeka kuphela zenziwa ngamafasitela ahlukene kungemuva eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Isikhumbuzo seminyaka eyi-100 yokuba khona kwenkampani kwaphawulwa ukuvela kwesizukulwane esilandelayo selogo. Abaqambi benkampani banqume ukubuyisela uphawu lwama-20s, isizinda sombhalo kuphela saba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1999. I-logo yaphinde yashintshwa ngo-2006. Uphawu lwaluvalwe ngesiyingi esiyisiliva esifakwe unxande namaphethelo angama-semicircular, okunikeza uphawu ukubukeka kwezinhlangothi ezintathu. Igama lenkampani lalibhalwe ngezinhlamvu ezisiliva kungemuva elibomvu. Umlando womkhiqizo wezimoto kumamodeli Imoto yokuqala, lapho abasebenzi besitshalo basebenza khona, kwakuyimodeli ye-3/12НР. Isici sayo esasihlukanisa kwakuyi-transmission, eyayisa imoto phambili kuphela. 1902 - Ukukhiqizwa kwemodeli yezemidlalo i-24 HP kuqala. Ngesikhathi imoto iwina indondo yokuqala, umshayeli wayo kwakungu-V. Lancia, kanti kumodeli ye-8HP, umqondisi jikelele wenkampani, u-J. U-Agnelli uqophe umlando ku-Tour yesibili yase-Italy. 1908 - inkampani yandisa ububanzi bayo bemisebenzi. Inkampani engaphansi, i-Fiat Automobile Co., ivela e-United States. Amaloli avela kunqolobane yomkhiqizo, amafekthri abambe iqhaza ekukhiqizeni imikhumbi nezindiza, futhi amathilamu nezimoto zezentengiselwano ziphuma emigqeni yomhlangano; 1911 - omele inkampani iwina umjaho Grand Prix, owawuseFrance. Imodeli ye-S61 yayinenjini enkulu ngisho nasezingeni lesimanje - umthamo wayo wawungama-litha ayi-10 nengxenye. Ngo-1912 - Umqondisi wenkampani unquma ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokusuka ezimotweni ezinomkhawulo we-elite kanye nomjaho wezimoto uye ezimotweni ezikhiqizwe ngobuningi. Futhi imodeli yokuqala i-Tipo Zero. Ukwenza ukuklama kwemishini kuhluke kubameleli babanye abakhiqizi, inkampani yakhanga abaklami bezinkampani zangaphandle. 1923 - ngemuva kokubamba iqhaza kwenkampani ekwakhiweni kwemishini yezempi kanye nezinkinga zangaphakathi ezinzima (iziteleka ezinzima zaholela ekutheni inkampani icishe yawa), kuvela imoto yokuqala enezihlalo ezi-4. Ubenenombolo ye-serial ethi 509. Isu lokuphatha eliyinhloko selishintshile. Uma ngaphambili bekucatshangwa ukuthi imoto ingeyabantu abaphezulu, manje isiqubulo sasigxile kumakhasimende ajwayelekile. Naphezu kwemizamo yokuqhubekisela phambili umsebenzi, imoto yehluleka ukuqashelwa. 1932 - imoto yokuqala yangemva kwempi yenkampani, eyathola ukuqashelwa emhlabeni wonke. Owokuqala waqanjwa ngokuthi uBalilla. 1936 - Imodeli yethulwa kubabukeli bomhlaba wonke babashayeli, esakhiqizwa futhi inezizukulwane ezintathu. Lona odumile Fiat-500. Isizukulwane sokuqala sahlala emakethe kusukela eminyakeni engama-36 kuya kwengama-55. Emlandweni wokukhiqiza, kwathengiswa amakhophi ayizinkulungwane ezingama-519 aleso sizukulwane sezimoto. Lo mshini omncane ophindwe kabili uthole injini engu-0,6 litre. Isici sale moto sasiwukuthi umzimba waqala ukuthuthukiswa, bese u-chassis kanye nazo zonke ezinye izingxenye zemoto zilungiswa kuwo. 1945-1950 ngemva kokuphela kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili iminyaka eyishumi, inkampani ikhiqiza amamodeli amasha amaningana. Lawa amamodeli we-1100V kanye ne-1500D. 1950 - Kwethulwa ukukhiqizwa kwe-Fiat 1400. Injini kadizili yayisegumbini lenjini. 1953 - Model 1100/103 iyavela, kanye no-103TV. 1955 - Model 600 yethulwe, eyayinesakhiwo esakhiwe ngemuva. 1957 - Indawo yokukhiqiza yenkampani iqala ukukhiqizwa kweNew500. 1958 - Ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto ezimbili ezincane ezibizwa ngeSeicentos kuqala, kanye neCinquecentos, ezitholakala kumsebenzisi ojwayelekile. 1960 - Ulayini wemodeli wama-500 ugcwaliswa ngomzimba wenqola yesiteshi. Iminyaka yawo-1960 yaqala ngokushintsha kwabaphathi (abazukulu baka-Agnelli baba abaqondisi), okuhloswe ngakho ukuheha abashayeli bezimoto abavamile embuthanweni wabalandeli benkampani. Ukukhiqizwa kwamamodeli angaphansi kwe-850, 1800, 1300 kanye ne-1500 kuyaqala. 1966 - kwaba ekhethekile abashayeli Russian. Ngalowo nyaka, ukwakhiwa kweVolga Automobile Plant kwaqala ngaphansi kwesivumelwano phakathi kwenkampani nohulumeni wase-USSR. Ngenxa yokubambisana okuseduze, imakethe yaseRussia yayigcwele izimoto zase-Italy ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Ngokusho kwephrojekthi yemodeli ye-124, i-VAZ 2105 ne-2106 yathuthukiswa. 1969 - Inkampani ithola uhlobo lweLancia. Kuvela imodeli yeDino, kanye nenani lezimoto ezincane. Ukwenyuka kokuthengiswa kwezimoto emhlabeni wonke kunomthelela ekwandiseni umthamo wokukhiqiza. Ngakho-ke, inkampani yakha izimboni eBrazil, eningizimu ye-Italy nasePoland. Ngawo-1970, inkampani yazinikela ekwenzeni imikhiqizo eseqediwe ibe yesimanje ukuyenza ifaneleke ekukhiqizeni abashayeli bangaleso sikhathi. 1978 - AbakwaFiat bethula umugqa wokuhlanganisa amarobhothi ezimbonini zabo, oqala ukuhlanganisa i-Ritmo. Kwaba impumelelo yangempela emkhakheni wobuchwepheshe obusha. 1980 - IGeneva Motor Show yethula umbonisi wePanda. Isitudiyo se-ItalDesign sisebenze ekwakhiweni kwemoto. 1983 - Ihlelo lenkolo i-Uno liphuma emgqeni wokukhiqiza, osajabulisa abanye abashayeli. Ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe busetshenziswe emotweni ngokuya nge-electronics ebhodini, ukwakhiwa kwenjini, izinto zangaphakathi, njll. 1985 - Umkhiqizi wase-Italy wethula i-Croma hatchback. Isici semoto ukuthi ayizange ihlanganiswe endaweni yayo, kodwa kulokhu kwasetshenziswa inkundla ebizwa ngokuthi iTipo4. Amamodeli womkhiqizi wezimoto waseLancia uThema, Alfa Romeo (164) kanye neSAAB9000 bebesuselwa kumklamo ofanayo. Ngo-1986 - inkampani iyakhula, ithole uphawu lwe-Alfa Romeo, oluhlala luyingxenye ehlukile yokukhathazeka kwase-Italy. 1988 - i-Tipo hatchback yokuqala enomzimba oneminyango emi-5. Ngo-1990 - Kuvela i-voluminous Fiat Tempra, Tempra Wagon kanye neveni elincane laseMarengo. Lawa mamodeli nawo aqoqwe endaweni efanayo, kepha ukwakheka okuhlukile kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukwanelisa izidingo zezigaba ezahlukahlukene zabashayeli. 1993 - ukuguqulwa okuningana kwemoto encane iPunto / Sporting kuvela, kanye nemodeli enamandla kakhulu ye-GT (isizukulwane sayo sabuyekezwa ngemuva kweminyaka engu-6). 1993 - ekupheleni konyaka kwaphawulwa ukukhululwa enye imodeli enamandla "Fiat" imoto - "Coupe Turbo", okungase ukuncintisana ukuguqulwa compressor "Mercedes-Benz CLK", kanye "Boxter" kusukela Porsche. Le moto ibihamba ngesivinini esingu-250 km/h. 1994 - Ulysse wethulwa embukisweni wezimoto. Kwakuyi-minivan, injini eyayikhona kuwo wonke umzimba, ukudluliselwa kwe-torque kumasondo angaphambili. Umzimba "uyivolumu eyodwa", lapho abantu abangu-8 bebekwe ngokuthula kanye nomshayeli. 1995 - Fiat (imodeli yesicabucabu sezemidlalo iBarchetta), esadlula ePininfarina studio sokuqamba, yaziwa njengendawo ehle kakhulu eshintshwayo kule ndlwana ngesikhathi seGeneva Motor Show. 1996 - njengengxenye yokubambisana phakathi kwe-Fiat nokukhathazeka kwe-PSA (kanye nemodeli yangaphambilini), kuvela amamodeli amabili i-Scudo ne-Jumpy. Babenenkundla evamile ye-U64, lapho ezinye izinhlobo ze-Citroen kanye ne-Peugeot Expert nazo zakhiwe. 1996 - Kwethulwa imodeli ye-Palio, eyayidalelwe kuqala imakethe yaseBrazil, bese (ngo-97) ye-Argentina nePoland, futhi (ngo-98) inqola yesiteshi yanikezwa eYurophu. 1998 - ekuqaleni konyaka kwethulwa imoto encane kakhulu ye-European class A (funda mayelana nokuhlukaniswa kwezimoto zaseYurophu nezinye lapha) Seicento. Ngawo lowo nyaka, ukukhiqizwa kwenguqulo kagesi ye-Elettra kuqala. 1998 - Imodeli yaseFiat Marera Arctic yethulwa emakethe yaseRussia. Ngawo lowo nyaka abashayeli banikezwa imodeli yeveni yamaphoyisa i-Multipla enomklamo omangalisayo womzimba. 2000 - eTurin Motor Show, imodeli yeBarchetta Riviera yethulwa ngendlela yokunethezeka. Ekwindla yalowo nyaka, kwavela inguqulo ye-Doblo. Umehluko owethulwe e-Paris bekungowomthwalo kanye nomgibeli. 2002 - imodeli ye-Stilo yethulwa kubalandeli base-Italy bokushayela ngokweqile (esikhundleni semodeli yeBrava). 2011 - ukukhiqizwa kwe-crossover yomndeni iFreemont kuqala, lapho onjiniyela abavela kwaFiat naseChrysler basebenza khona. Eminyakeni eyalandela, inkampani yaphinde yathatha ukuthuthukiswa kwamamodeli wangaphambilini, ikhulula izizukulwane ezintsha. Namuhla, ngaphansi kobuholi bokukhathazeka, izinhlobo ezidumile emhlabeni wonke ezifana ne-Alfa Romeo neLancia, kanye nesigaba sezemidlalo, izimoto zazo ezithwala uphawu lwe-Ferrari, zisebenza. Futhi ekugcineni, sinikeza isibuyekezo esincane se-Fiat Coupe: Imibuzo Nezimpendulo: Iliphi izwe elikhiqiza i-Fiat? I-Fiat ingumkhiqizi wase-Italy wezimoto namaloli aneminyaka engaphezu kwe-100 yomlando. Lo mkhiqizo unekomkhulu edolobheni lase-Italy iTurin. Ubani Umnikazi We-Fiat? Lo mkhiqizo uphethwe ngabakwaFiat Chrysler Automobiles. Ngaphezu kwe-Fiat, inkampani engumzali ingumnikazi we-Alfa Romeo, Chrysler, Dodge, Lancia, Maserati, Jeep, Ram Trucks. Ubani owadala i-Fiat? Le nkampani yasungulwa ngo-1899 ngabatshalizimali, phakathi kwabo kwakukhona Giovanni Agnelli. Ngo-1902 waba umphathi wenkampani.