Test drive engaziwa Fiat

Iminyaka engama-60 yeCentro Stile Fiat izaba ezinhle zokubheka umlando oyingqayizivele

Ukuthuthuka komuntu ngamunye ukuphindaphinda kafushane komlando - iqiniso lalesi sitatimende sika-Ernst Haeckel sekuyisikhathi eside laqashelwa kumbono wokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Nokho, singakusebenzisa ngokugcwele lokhu ekuthuthukisweni kwezimoto.

Ukumaketha kwa-BMW ngeke kwehluleke ukusho ukuthi izinjini zezindiza zisezakhini zofuzo zenkampani ngisho nesithombe somkhiqizo siyakuveza lokhu, kanti iMercedes izishaya isifuba ngokwenza amaloli namabhasi. Kodwa kuthiwani ngeqembu elingaphansi kwegama elithi Fiat - nakuba okwamanje lihlukaniswe ngokusemthethweni esigabeni sezimoto, okuhlanganisa i-Chrysler nomugqa wamaloli amancane kanye neqembu lezimboni elihlanganisa amaloli e-Iveco, i-Case ne-New Holland imishini yezolimo, nezinjini zasolwandle. Emlandweni wokuqala womkhiqizo, owaqala emadolobheni aseTurin ngo-1899, singathola izinto zobuciko ezifana nezinjini zezindiza ngisho nezindiza. Eqinisweni, isigaba sezindiza senkampani (i-Fiat Aviazione) sakhiqiza indiza phakathi kwezimpi ezimbili, ngo-1955 i-Fiat G91 yakhethwa njenge-Fighter Tactical yi-NATO, futhi ngaphansi kwegama elithi Fiat 7002 lifihla indiza enophephela emhlane. Ubuwazi ukuthi kunezitimela ezinegama elithi Fiat.

Eqinisweni, inkampani yezimoto yakwa-Fiat, namuhla ephethe cishe zonke izinhlobo zezimoto zase-Italy - kusukela ku-Alfa Romeo kuya e-Copje, i-Maserati ne-Ferrari, futhi kamuva nje i-American Chrysler, igxilile hhayi kuphela empilweni yezimboni zase-Italy, kodwa futhi iyingxenye. yefa lomlando eliyigugu. IFiat ifakwe kuhlobo lwe-Italian ngomqondo wayo othize. Ezweni elinomlando woMbuso WaseRoma nobuntu obufana noLeonardo noMichelangelo eminyakeni eyi-119 eyedlule, i-Fiat eyiphayona ikhona njengomucu wezindaba ongaguquki. Futhi hhayi ngomnikelo wayo kuphela kumkhiqizo ophelele wasekhaya wase-Italy. Ngoba lo mkhiqizo uyigugu lase-Italy kanye nenkampani ebambe iqhaza elikhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwemoto isiyonke, ngobuciko obungenakuphikwa ekwakhiweni nakubuchwepheshe. Ngibe nenhlanhla yokukhuluma nonjiniyela base-Italiya kaningana futhi ngingasho ukuthi lokhu kungokuhlangenwe nakho okuhluke kakhulu. Umklami wase-Italy kuphela ongatshela ngendalo yakhe ngobubanzi, amandla nentshiseko yomqhubi, ngenkulumo yobunjiniyela eshaya kusuka ekujuleni komongo wakhe futhi izwakala njengeculo lomculo we-opera wase-Italy. Ngo-1958, ngenkathi kudalwa iCentro Stile yabo, izibalo emlandweni we-Fiat, okuyenza kube yimoto yokuqala yalolu hlobo eYurophu. Kutholakala enkabeni yomoya wokudala, inkampani ivame ukusebenzisana namahhovisi wokuqamba ama-stylists afana noFroy, Pininfarina noGiugiaro abahlala endaweni yaseTurin. Futhi namuhla sikweleta i-Centro Ricerce Technical Center (CRF) yakwaFiat enye yentuthuko ebaluleke kakhulu kubuchwepheshe bezimoto, okungukuthi konjiniyela bakwa-Fiat, isikhungo sabo sokuthuthukiswa manje sekuyi-Fiat Powertrain Technologies noma i-FTP, umhlaba ukweleta uhlelo lwesitimela olujwayelekile Izinjini zikadizili kanye ne-Multijet eyalandela, umsebenzi wabo uyinjini yokuqala ye-diesel ene-turbo enomjovo oqondile, owadalwa ngo-1986. Ukudalwa kwe-FTP noma eyandulela i-FCR i-MultiAir hydraulic drive kanye nesistimu yokulawula i-valve yokuncela, izinjini ze-T-JET kaphethiloli we-turbo, injini yokuqala yesimanje ye-TwinAir eyi-twin-cylinder yokuqala, i-Selespeed yokuqala ezishintshayo ezishintshayo ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engamashumi ayisishiyagalombili, uhlelo lokuqala. ngo-1980 izinjini zikaphethiloli futhi zithunyelwa ngamaclutch amabili e-TCT. Ubuchwepheshe obunjalo obudumile eminyakeni yamuva nje yokusebenzisa isiteji esivamile samamodeli amaningana saqala ukwethulwa onjiniyela be-Fiat abanamamodeli 127 no-128 ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engu-60 nasekuqaleni kwama-70s! Futhi ngenxa yezibalo - i-Fiat isabambe irekhodi lemoto enenjini enkulu kunazo zonke - ukususwa kwe-four-cylinder (!) Injini ye-Fiat S76 ka-1910, ebizwa ngokuthi "i-Turin Beast", ayisekho futhi ayingaphansi. ngo-28,3. , Amalitha angama-300, inamandla we-XNUMX hp ncamashi. ngo-1900 rpm futhi yayenzelwe ukwedlula iBlitzen Benz ngaleso sikhathi ngazo zonke izindlela. Ifike ngejubane eliqophile lamakhilomitha angama-1912 / h ngo-290 futhi iyinto ephikisana kakhulu nokusebenza okuncane kwezinto eziningi ze-Fiat ezenza ihluke. Yebo, inkampani yase-Italiya igxile kaninginingi ezingxenyeni zokunethezeka zemakethe yezimoto kuwo wonke umlando wayo, kepha ekugcineni ingqikithi yayo yangempela yakhiwa kancane kancane futhi isungulwe njengomsunguli wemikhiqizo emisha nokho engabizi. Lokhu okungenhla kuyindalo ehlaba umxhwele kakhulu yonjiniyela base-Italy - ngisho nasezikhathini ezinzima kakhulu emlandweni wayo, njengeshumi leminyaka elaqala ngo-1970, lapho i-Italy neFiat ikakhulukazi ihlukaniswa iziteleka, onjiniyela nabaklami bayaqhubeka nokwakha izimoto. ngomoya ongenakuvinjelwa. Ngisho nangaphambi kweMpi Yezwe II, eyenza igama lakhe laba yinto ebalulekile embonini yezimoto yomhlaba, iFiat yayinezinhlelo zemoto kazwelonke. I-Topolino 500 yabeka isisekelo, kodwa nge-motorization yangempela ye-Europe ngawo-1936s no-50s, i-Fiat yadlala indima enkulu kuma-60s nama-600s ayo amangalisayo, adalwe ngumlobi ocwazimulayo nonjiniyela uDante Giacosa, owayesebhizinisini iminyaka engama-500. umsebenzi wakhe eFiat. Njengomcebo wabantu, iFiat izoqhubeka nokukhiqiza i-1100, 1300/1500 yesimanje, 850, 124, 125, 128 no-127 ngomoya ofanayo, iningi lawo elizokhiqizwa emazweni wesithathu afana ne-India, iSoviet Union kanye neBulgaria, futhi izosiza ... ezokuhamba kwezizwe zonke.

Eqhulwini ekuklanyeni, kwezobuchwepheshe nasekukhiqizeni

Kusukela ngawo-20, abaphathi bakwaFiat bagxile ekwethuleni izindlela ezinkulu zokukhiqiza embonini entsha, esezingeni eliphezulu e-Lignoto, kwathi ngo-1946 bavakashela i-Chrysler ukuze bafunde kokuhlangenwe nakho kwayo embonini yezimoto yesimanje. Umlando kwesinye isikhathi usinikeza izindida ezixakile - ngemuva kweminyaka engama-70, iChrysler isiphethwe yiFiat. Ucwaningo lomlando we-Fiat lwalungaba umphumela wezincwadi eziningi ezishicilelwe eziveza ngokumangazayo ukuhlangana kobunjiniyela base-Italy nomoya wesitayela wase-Italy, kanye negalelo elingangabazeki ekuthuthukisweni kwesiko lezimoto. Kodwa-ke, konke lokhu akuwona nje umphumela weziphetho kanye nokubalwa okusemthethweni kwamaqiniso, kodwa into ejulile kakhulu, ngoba umklamo awuhlobene ngokuqondile nabaqambi kuphela, kodwa futhi nekhono lezinqubo zokukhiqiza, isayensi ye-aerodynamics futhi umphumela. yenhlangano eyinkimbinkimbi. Lo moya wesitayela ungalandelelwa kuwo wonke umlando we-Fiat - kusukela emigqeni egelezayo yenkathi ye-Art Nouveau noma imigqa ehlanzekile ye-rationalism yasekuqaleni kwawo-20s, kuya kumafomu okusebenza ngokubonakaliswa kwezakhi zokuqala ze-aerodynamics yama-30s, i-minimalism yefomu lama-50s, izindawo eziyisicaba zama-60s. 70s kanye no-80, inguquko yesimanje yokusebenza eyaqala ngawo-XNUMX.

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Umbhalo: UGeorgy Kolev