I-Skoda

Okuqukethwe Umlando we-SkodaLogoAbanikazi nabaphathiAmamodeli1. Imiqondo Skoda2. Amamodeli Esimanjemanje Imibuzo Nezimpendulo: I-Skoda ingenye yezinhlobo ezidume kakhulu emhlabeni, ikhiqiza izimoto zabagibeli kanye nama-cross-range aphakathi nendawo. Ikomkhulu lale nkampani liseMladá Boleslav, Czech Republic. Kuze kube ngu-1991, inkampani yayiyi-industrial conglomerate, eyakhiwa ngo-1925, futhi kuze kube yileso sikhathi kwakuyimboni encane yeLaurin & Klement. Namuhla kuyingxenye ye-VAG (imininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana neqembu ichazwe ekubuyekezweni okuhlukile). Umlando we-Skoda Ukusungulwa kwe-automaker edume umhlaba wonke ine-backstory enelukuluku. Ikhulu lesi-XNUMX laphela. Umthengisi wezincwadi waseCzech uVláclav Klement uthenga ibhayisikili langaphandle elibizayo, kodwa ngokushesha kwaba nezinkinga ngomkhiqizo, umenzi wenqaba ukuzilungisa. Ukuze "ajezise" umkhiqizi ongenanembeza, u-Vlaclav, kanye namagama akhe, u-Laurin (wayengumakhenikha owaziwayo kuleyo ndawo, futhi iklayenti elivamile lesitolo sezincwadi sikaClement), wahlela ukukhiqizwa okuncane kwamabhayisikili abo. Imikhiqizo yabo yayinomklamo ohluke kancane futhi yayinokwethenjelwa kakhulu kunaleyo ethengiswa yimbangi yabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ozakwethu banikeze iwaranti egcwele yemikhiqizo yabo ngokulungiswa kwamahhala uma kunesidingo. Imboni yaqanjwa ngokuthi iLaurin & Klement futhi yasungulwa ngo-1895. Amabhayisikili e-Slavia aphuma esitolo somhlangano. Eminyakeni emibili nje, ukukhiqizwa kuye kwanda kangangokuthi inkampani encane isikwazile ukuthenga indawo futhi yakha imboni yayo. Lawa amatshe amakhulu omkhiqizi, kamuva angena emakethe yezimoto zomhlaba. 1899 - Inkampani yandisa ukukhiqizwa, iqala ukwakha izithuthuthu zayo, kepha ngezinhlelo zokukhiqiza okuzenzakalelayo. 1905 - Kuvela imoto yokuqala yaseCzech, kodwa yayisakhiqizwa ngaphansi kohlobo lwe-L&K. Imodeli yokuqala yayibizwa ngokuthi iVoiturette. Ngokwesisekelo salo, kwasungulwa ezinye izinhlobo zezimoto, okuhlanganisa amaloli ngisho namabhasi. Le moto ibifakwe izinjini ezimise okwe-V zamasilinda amabili. Injini ngayinye yayipholile ngamanzi. Lo mfuziselo walungiselelwa umncintiswano wezimoto e-Austria, lapho uwine khona isigaba sezimoto zomgwaqo. 1906 - IVoiturette ithola injini eyi-4-cylinder, kwathi eminyakeni emibili kamuva imoto yafakwa i-8-cylinder ICE. Ngo-1907 - Ukuze kuhengwe uxhaso olungeziwe, kwanqunywa ukuthi kushintshwe isimo senkampani sisuke enkampanini yangasese siyiswe enkampanini enamasheya ahlangene. Ukukhiqizwa kwanda ngenxa yokuduma kwezimoto ezikhiqizwayo. Bajabulele impumelelo ethile emiqhudelwaneni yezimoto. Izimoto zibonise imiphumela emihle, ngenxa yokuthi umkhiqizo wakwazi ukubamba iqhaza emiqhudelwaneni esezingeni lomhlaba. Enye yamamodeli aphumelele avela ngaleso sikhathi i-F. Isici semoto kwakuwukuthi injini yayinevolumu engu-2,4 amalitha, futhi amandla ayo afinyelela ku-21 amahhashi. Isistimu yokuthungela enamakhandlela esebenza kusuka ku-high voltage pulse yayibhekwa njengekhethekile ngaleso sikhathi. Ngokusekelwe kule modeli, ukuguqulwa okuningana kwenziwa, isibonelo, i-omnibus, noma ibhasi elincane. 1908 Ukukhiqizwa kwezithuthuthu kuyaphela. Ngawo lowo nyaka, umshini wokugcina wama-cylinder amabili wakhululwa. Wonke amanye amamodeli athole injini engu-4-cylinder. 1911 - Ukuqala kokukhiqizwa kweModeli S, eyathola injini yamahhashi eyi-14. 1912 - inkampani ithatha umenzi weReichenberg (manje eyiLiberec) - iRAF. Ngaphezu kokukhiqizwa kwezimoto zabagibeli, inkampani yayihlanganyela ekwenzeni izinjini ezivamile, izinjini zezindiza, izinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi ezinama-plunger futhi ngaphandle kwama-valve, imishini ekhethekile (ama-roller) nemishini yezolimo (amageja anama-motor). Ngo-1914 - njengabakhiqizi abaningi bemishini yemishini, inkampani yaseCzech nayo yaklanywa kabusha ngezidingo zempi yezwe. Ngemva kokuwa kwe-Austria-Hungary, inkampani yaqala ukuba nezinkinga zezimali. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi ababekade bengamakhasimende avamile bagcina sebephesheya, okwenza kwaba nzima ukudayiswa kwemikhiqizo. 1924 - isitshalo sonakaliswe kabi ngomlilo omkhulu kunayo yonke, lapho cishe zonke izinto zokusebenza zacekelwa phansi. Akukapheli ngisho izinyanga eziyisithupha inkampani ilulama kule nhlekelele, kodwa lokhu akuzange kuyisindise ekwehleni kancane kancane kokukhiqizwa kwayo. Isizathu salokhu kwaba ukuncintisana anda kusukela abakhiqizi ezifuywayo - Tatra futhi Praga. Umkhiqizo wawudinga ukuthuthukisa izinhlobo zezimoto ezintsha. Inkampani ayikwazanga ukubhekana nomsebenzi onjalo iyodwa, ngakho-ke isinqumo esibalulekile senziwa ngonyaka ozayo. 1925 - I-K&L SA iba yingxenye yokukhathazeka kwe-Czech i-SA Škoda Automobile Works e-Pilsen (manje eyi-Škoda Holding). Kusukela kulo nyaka, imboni yezimoto iqala ukukhiqiza izimoto ngaphansi kohlobo lwe-Skoda. Manje ikomkhulu lisePrague, futhi isitshalo esikhulu sisePilsen. 1930 - Imboni yaseBoleslav iguqulwa yaba yi-ASAP (inkampani yamasheya ahlangene embonini yezimoto). 1930 - Kuvela umugqa omusha wezimoto, othola uhlaka lomgogodla we-fork. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kunxephezele ukuntula kokuqina kwe-torsional kwawo wonke amamodeli angaphambilini. Esinye isici salezi zimoto ukumiswa okuzimele. 1933 - Ukukhiqizwa kweStandart engu-420 kuqala. Ngenxa yokuthi imoto yaba ngu-350 kg. ilula ukwedlula eyandulelayo, ayibi kakhulu futhi ikhululekile ukuyishayela, isithole ukuthandwa okuphezulu. Kamuva, imodeli yabizwa ngokuthi i-Popular. 1934 - Kwethulwa iSuperb entsha. 1935 - Ukukhiqizwa kobubanzi obusheshayo kuqala. Ngo-1936 - kwasungulwa omunye umugqa wemodeli oyingqayizivele iFavorit. Ngenxa yalezi zinguquko ezine, inkampani ithuthela endaweni ehamba phambili phakathi kwabakhiqizi bezimoto eCzechoslovakia. 1939-1945 inkampani ishintshela ngokuphelele ekugcwaliseni imiyalo yezempi ye-Third Reich. Ekupheleni kwempi, cishe amaphesenti angama-70 amandla okukhiqiza alolu hlobo ayesecekeleke phansi phakathi nokuhlasela kwamabhomu. 1945-1960 - ICzechoslovakia iba izwe lezenhlalakahle, futhi iSkoda ithole isikhundla esiphambili ekukhiqizeni izimoto. Ngemva kwempi, kwavela inqwaba yamamodeli aphumelelayo, afana noFelicia, Tudor (1200), Octavia noSpartak. Ekuqaleni kwawo-1960 kwaphawulwa ukushiyeka okukhulu ngemuva kwentuthuko yezwe, nokho, ngenxa yentengo yesabelomali, izimoto ziyaqhubeka nokufunwa hhayi eYurophu kuphela. Kukhona ngisho namaSUV amahle aseNew Zealand - Trekka, nasePakistan - Skopak. 1987 - ukukhiqizwa kwemodeli ebuyekeziwe ye-Favorit kuyaqala, okuholela ekuweni komkhiqizo. Izinguquko zezombusazwe kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwezinto ezintsha kuphoqe abaphathi bomkhiqizo ukuthi babheke ozakwethu bangaphandle ukuze bahehe ukutshalwa kwezimali okwengeziwe. 1990 - ukukhathazeka kwe-VAG kwakhethwa njengozakwethu othembekile wangaphandle. Kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-1995, inkampani engumzali ithola amasheya angu-70% omkhiqizo. Ngo-2000, inkampani idlula ngokuphelele ngaphansi kokulawulwa kokukhathazeka, lapho amanye amasheya ehlengwa. 1996 - I-Octavia ithola izibuyekezo eziningi, okubaluleke kakhulu okuyinkundla eyakhiwe ngabakwaVolkswagen. Ngenxa yezinguquko eziningi zokuthuthukisa izici zobuchwepheshe zemikhiqizo, imishini yomkhiqizi waseCzech ithola idumela lokungabizi, kodwa ngekhwalithi ephezulu yokwakha. Lokhu kuvumela umkhiqizo ukuthi wenze izivivinyo ezithokozisayo. I-1997-2001, enye yamamodeli wokuhlola, iFelicia Fun, yakhiqizwa, eyayenziwa emzimbeni weloli futhi yayinombala ogqamile. Ngo-2016 - izwe labashayeli bezimoto labona i-crossover yokuqala evela eSkoda - Kodiaq. 2017 - inkampani yethula i-compact compact crossover Karoq. Uhulumeni womkhiqizo umemezela ukwethulwa kwesu lebhizinisi, inhloso yalo bekuwukwethula ukukhiqizwa kwamamodeli amasha angamashumi amathathu ngo-2022. Lezi zizohlanganisa izimoto ezingu-10 ezixubile nezimoto ezisebenza ngogesi ezigcwele. 2017 - embukisweni wezimoto e-Shanghai, umkhiqizo wethula i-prototype yokuqala yemoto kagesi ngemuva kwe-SUV class coupe - Vision. Imodeli isuselwe ku-VAG yesikhulumi se-MEB. I-2018 - imodeli yemoto yomndeni wakwaScala ivela embukisweni wezimoto. 2019 - inkampani yethule i-Kamiq subcompact crossover. Ngawo lowo nyaka, kwaboniswa imoto kagesi yasemadolobheni elungele ukukhiqizwa i-Citigo-e iV. Amanye amafektri e-automaker aguqulwa kancane ukwenziwa kwamabhethri ngokobuchwepheshe bokukhathazeka kwe-VAG. I-logo Kuwo wonke umlando, inkampani yashintsha i-logo lapho ithengisa khona imikhiqizo yayo izikhathi eziningana: 1895-1905 - amamodeli okuqala amabhayisikili nezithuthuthu agqoke uphawu lwe-Slavia, olwenziwe ngendlela yesondo lebhayisikili elinamaqabunga e-linden ngaphakathi. I-1905-25 - i-logo yomkhiqizo iguqulwa yaba yi-L & K, ebekwe erimu nxazonke eyenziwe ngamaqabunga e-linden afanayo. 1926-33 - igama lomkhiqizo lishintshelwe ku-Skoda, elivele labonakala ku-logo yenkampani. Kulokhu igama lomkhiqizo libekwe ku-oval enomngcele ofana nenguqulo yangaphambilini. 1926-90 - ngokufana, kwamanye amamodeli enkampani, kuvela i-silhouette engaqondakali, efana nomcibisholo ondizayo onamaphiko ezinyoni. Kuze kube manje, akekho owazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi yini eyaba ukuthuthukiswa komdwebo onjalo, kodwa manje uyaziwa emhlabeni wonke. Ngokusho kwenye inguqulo, ngenkathi ehamba eMelika, u-Emil Skoda wayehlala ephelezelwa umNdiya, iphrofayili yakhe iminyaka eminingi yayisezithombeni zamahhovisi abaphathi benkampani. Umcibisholo endizayo ngokumelene nesizinda salesi silhouette uthathwa njengophawu lokuthuthuka okusheshayo kanye nokuqaliswa kobuchwepheshe obusebenzayo emikhiqizweni yomkhiqizo. 1999-2011 - isitayela esiyisisekelo selogo sihlala sinjalo, umbala wangemuva kuphela oguqukayo futhi isithombe siphenduka sibe voluminous. Ama-shades aluhlaza abonisa ubungane bemvelo bemikhiqizo. 2011 - ilogo yomkhiqizo ithola ushintsho oluncane futhi. Ingemuva manje selimhlophe, okwenza i-silhouette yomcibisholo ondizayo icace kakhudlwana, kuyilapho i-tint eluhlaza iqhubeka nokusho umnyakazo oya ekuthuthukisweni kwezokuthutha okuhlanzekile. Abanikazi nabaphathi Ekuqaleni, uhlobo lwe-K&L bekuwumkhiqizo ozimele. Isikhathi lapho inkampani inabanikazi ababili (uKlement noLaurin) yi-1895-1907. Ngo-1907, inkampani yathola isimo senkampani yamasheya ehlangene. Njenge-JSC, uhlobo lwalukhona kuze kube ngu-1925. Kwabe sekuba nokuhlanganiswa nenkampani yaseCzech ehlangene yamasheya embonini yezimoto, eyayinegama elithi Skoda. Lokhu kukhathazeka kuba umnikazi ogcwele webhizinisi elincane. Ekuqaleni kwawo-90 ekhulwini lama-XX, inkampani iqala ukuhamba kahle ngaphansi kobuholi beVolkswagen Group. Uzakwethu kancane kancane uba umnikazi womkhiqizo. I-Skoda VAG ithola amalungelo aphelele kubuchwepheshe namandla okukhiqiza we-automaker ngo-2000. Amamodeli Nalu uhlu lwamamodeli ahlukene aphuma emugqeni wokuhlanganisa we-automaker. 1. I-Skoda yangaphambilini 1949 - 973 Beta; 1958 - 1100 Uhlobo 968; 1964 - F3; 1967-72 - 720; 1968 - 1100 GT; 1971 - 110 SS Ferat; 1987 - 783 Intandokazi Coupe; 1998 - Felicia Golden Prague; 2002 - Amahlamvu; 2002 - I-Fabia Paris Edition; 2002 - Tudor; 2003 - The Roomster; 2006 - Yeti II; 2006 - Joyster; 2007 - uFabia Super; 2011 - Umbono D; 2011 - Mission L; 2013 - Umbono C; 2017 - Umbono E; 2018 - Umbono X. 2. Ukukhiqizwa Komlando kwezimoto yinkampani kungahlukaniswa izikhathi eziningana: 1905-1911. Amamodeli e-K&L okuqala ayavela; 1911-1923 I-K&L iyaqhubeka nokukhulula amamodeli ahlukahlukene ngokusekelwe ezimotweni ezibalulekile zomklamo wayo; 1923-1932 Umkhiqizo udlula ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwe-Skoda JSC, amamodeli okuqala avela. Okumangalisa kakhulu kwaba ngu-422 no-860; 1932-1943 Izinguquko 650, 633, 637 ziyavela. Imodeli Edumile ibe yimpumelelo enkulu. Umkhiqizo wethula ukukhiqizwa kwe-Rapid, Favorit, Superb; 1943-1952 I-Superb (ukuguqulwa kwe-OHV), i-Tudor 1101 ne-VOS iphuma emgqeni womhlangano; 1952-1964 Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Felicia, i-Octavia, i-1200 kanye nokuguqulwa kochungechunge lwe-400 (40,45,50) kuyaqala; 1964-1977 Uchungechunge lwe-1200 lukhiqizwa emizimbeni ehlukene. Imodeli ye-Octavia ithola umzimba wenqola yesiteshi (i-Combi). Imodeli engu-1000 MB iyavela; 1980-1990 Kule minyaka eyi-10, uhlobo lukhiphe amamodeli amasha amabili kuphela i-110 R ne-100 ekulungisweni okuhlukile; 1990-2010 Izimoto eziningi ezigijimayo zithola izibuyekezo "zesizukulwane sokuqala, sesibili nesesithathu" ngokusekelwe ekuthuthukisweni kokukhathazeka kwe-VAG. Phakathi kwabo kukhona Octavia, Felicia, Fabia, Superb. Ama-Yeti compact crossovers nama-Roomster minivans ayavela. Amamodeli esimanje Uhlu lwamamodeli amasha esimanje luhlanganisa: 2011 - Citigo; 2012 - Ngokushesha; 2014 - uFabia III; 2015 - I-Superb III; 2016 - Kodiaq; 2017 - Karoq; 2018 - Scala; 2019 - Octavia IV; 2019 - Kamiq. Sengiphetha, sinikeza umbono omncane wezintengo ekuqaleni kuka-2020: Imibuzo Nezimpendulo: Iliphi izwe elikhiqiza izimoto ze-Skoda? Izimboni ezinamandla kakhulu zenkampani zitholakala eCzech Republic. Amagatsha awo atholakala eRussia, Ukraine, India, Kazakhstan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Poland. Ubani umnikazi weSkoda? Abasunguli uVaclav Laurin noVaclav Klement. Ngo-1991 inkampani yangasese.