Porsche

Okuqukethwe Umlando Wabanikazi be-PorscheAbanikazi nabaphathiUmlandoUmlando Ukuhlanganyela emjahweni uhla lwamamodeliIzinhlobo zezemidlalo ze-erial (ezinezinjini zamabhokisi)Izibonelo zemidlalo nezimoto zomjaho (izinjini zamabhokisi)Izimoto zemidlalo ezakhiqizwa, ezihlome ngenjini yolayiniIzimoto zemidlalo eziye ochungechungeni, zifakwe i-V- izinjiniCrossovers and SUVsImibuzo nezimpendulo: Izimoto zomkhiqizi waseJalimane zaziwa emhlabeni wonke ngokusebenza kwazo kwezemidlalo nokuklama kwazo okuhle. Le nkampani yasungulwa nguFerdinand Porsche. Manje ikomkhulu liseJalimane, iSt. Stuttgart. Ngokusho kwedatha ka-2010, izimoto zale automaker zathatha isikhundla esiphakeme kunazo zonke izimoto emhlabeni mayelana nokuthembeka. Umkhiqizo wezimoto uhlanganyela ekukhiqizeni izimoto zezemidlalo zikanokusho, ama-sedans amahle kanye nama-SUV. Inkampani ithuthuka ngenkuthalo emkhakheni wemijaho yezimoto. Lokhu kuvumela onjiniyela bayo ukuthi bathuthukise izinhlelo ezintsha, eziningi zazo ezithola ukusetshenziswa kumamodeli avamile. Kusukela imodeli yokuqala, izimoto zomkhiqizo ziye zahlukaniswa ngamafomu azo amahle, futhi mayelana nokunethezeka, zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu okwenza izimoto zilungele ukuhamba nohambo oluguquguqukayo. Umlando wePorsche Ngaphambi kokuqala ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto zakhe, uF. Porsche usebenzisane nomkhiqizi i-Auto Union, eyakha imoto yomjaho yohlobo lwama-22. Imoto ibifakwe injini engu-6 cylinder. Umklami uphinde wabamba iqhaza ekwakhiweni kweVW Kafer. Umuzwa oqoqiwe usize umsunguli wohlobo lwe-elite ukuthi athathe ngokushesha imingcele ephakeme kakhulu embonini yezimoto. Nazi izinyathelo ezibalulekile lapho inkampani idlule khona: 1931 - isisekelo sebhizinisi elizogxila ekuthuthukisweni nasekudalweni kwezimoto. Ekuqaleni, kwakuyisitudiyo esincane sokuklama esasisebenzisana nezinkampani zezimoto ezaziwa ngaleso sikhathi. Ngaphambi kokusungulwa komkhiqizo, uFerdinand wasebenzela uDaimler iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-15 (wayephethe isikhundla somklami omkhulu kanye nelungu lebhodi). 1937 - Izwe lalidinga imoto yezemidlalo esebenza kahle nethembekile eyayingangenwa kuMarathon yaseYurophu isuka eBerlin iye eRoma. Umcimbi wawuhlelelwe u-1939. IKomidi Lezemidlalo Likazwelonke lanikezwa iphrojekthi kaFerdinand Porsche Sr., eyamukelwa ngokushesha. 1939 - kuvela imodeli yokuqala, ezoba kamuva isisekelo sezimoto eziningi ezilandelayo. 1940-1945gg. ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto kumisiwe ngenxa yokugqashuka kweMpi Yezwe II. Imboni ye-Porsche izoklanywa kabusha ukuze kuthuthukiswe futhi kukhiqizwe izilwane eziphila emanzini nasezweni, amathuluzi ezempi kanye nezimoto ezingekho emgwaqeni zabamele indlunkulu. 1945 - inhloko yenkampani iya ejele ngamacala empi (ukusiza ngendlela yokukhiqiza imishini yezempi, isibonelo, ithangi elinzima kakhulu iMouse neTiger R). Izintambo zamandla zithathwe indodana kaFerdinand, uFerry Anton Ernst. Unquma ukukhiqiza izimoto eziwumklamo wakhe. Imodeli yokuqala eyisisekelo yayiyi-356. Uthole injini yesisekelo kanye nomzimba we-aluminium. 1948 - I-Ferry Porsche ithola isitifiketi sokukhiqiza i-serial ye-356. Imoto ithole isethi ephelele kwaKafer, ehlanganisa injini epholile engu-4-cylinder, ukumiswa kanye nokudlulisa. 1950 - Inkampani ibuyela eStuttgart. Kusukela kulo nyaka, izimoto ziye zayeka ukusebenzisa i-aluminium ukwakha izitho zomzimba. Nakuba lokhu kwenza izimoto zasinda kancane, zaziphephe kakhulu. 1951 - umsunguli womkhiqizo uyafa ngenxa yokuthi impilo yakhe yawohloka ngesikhathi ehlala ejele (wachitha iminyaka engaba ngu-2 lapho). Kuze kube sekuqaleni kwawo-60, inkampani yandisa ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto ezinezinhlobo ezahlukene zemizimba. Futhi, intuthuko iyaqhubeka ukuze kwakhiwe izinjini ezinamandla. Ngakho-ke, ngo-1954, izimoto ezifakwe izinjini zomlilo zangaphakathi sezivele zavela, ezazinomthamo wamalitha angu-1,1, futhi amandla azo afinyelela ku-40hp. phakathi nalesi sikhathi, izinhlobo ezintsha zemizimba zivela, isibonelo, i-hardtop (funda ngezici zemizimba enjalo ekubuyekezweni okuhlukile) kanye ne-roadster (funda kabanzi ngalolu hlobo lomzimba lapha). Izinjini zakwaVolkswagen kancane kancane ziyasuswa ekucushweni, bese kufakwa ama-analogue azo. Kumodeli ye-356A, sekungenzeka uku-oda amayunithi wamandla afakwe ama-camshafts angu-4. Isistimu yokuthungela ithola amakhoyili amabili okuthungela. Ngokuhambisana nokuvuselela izinguqulo zomgwaqo wemoto, izimoto zezemidlalo ziyathuthukiswa, isibonelo, i-550 Spyder. 1963-76gg. Imoto yenkampani yomndeni isivele ikwazi ukuthola idumela elihle kakhulu. Ngaleso sikhathi, imodeli isivele ithole uchungechunge olubili - A no-B. Ekuqaleni kwawo-60, onjiniyela base besungula sibonelo imoto elandelayo - 695. Mayelana nokuthi ikhishwe ochungechungeni noma cha, abaphathi bomkhiqizo abazange babe nokuvumelana. Abanye bebekholelwa ukuthi imoto egijimayo ibingakaqedi insiza yayo, kanti abanye bebenesiqiniseko sokuthi sekuyisikhathi sokwandisa uhlelo. Kunoma yikuphi, ukwethulwa kokukhiqizwa kwenye imoto kuhlale kuhlotshaniswa nengozi enkulu - izethameli zingase zingayiboni, ngenxa yalokho kuyodingeka ukubheka imali yephrojekthi entsha. 1963 - Umqondo wePorsche 911 wethulwa kubathandi bezimoto embukisweni wezimoto iFrankfurt Motor Show. Ngokwengxenye, into entsha yayinezici ezivela kumanduleli wayo - isakhiwo se-injini yangemuva, injini yesibhakela, i-back-wheel drive. Kodwa-ke, imoto yayinezinhlaka zokuqala zezemidlalo. Imoto ekuqaleni yayinenjini engu-2,0-litre enamandla angu-130 amahhashi. Kamuva, imoto iba inkolo, kanye nobuso benkampani. 1966 - imodeli 911, ethandwa abashayeli, ithola isibuyekezo somzimba - Targa (uhlobo Convertible, ongafunda mayelana ngokuningiliziwe ngokwehlukana). Ekuqaleni kwawo-1970 - ikakhulukazi "okukhokhiswayo" ukuguqulwa kuvela - Carrera RS nge injini 2,7-litre kanye analogue yayo - RSR. 1968 - Umzukulu womsunguli wenkampani usebenzisa i-2/3 yesabelomali sonyaka senkampani ukwenza izimoto zezemidlalo ezingama-25 zomklamo wakhe - iPorsche 917. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi umqondisi wezobuchwepheshe wanquma ukuthi umkhiqizo kufanele ubambe iqhaza ku-24 Le Mans car marathon. Lokhu kwadala ukungezwani okuqinile komndeni, ngoba ukwehluleka kwalo msebenzi kuzoholela ekutheni inkampani iphelelwe yimali. Naphezu kwengozi enkulu, uFerdinand Piech ubona kuze kube sekugcineni, okuholela inkampani ekunqobeni emjahweni odumile. Engxenyeni yesibili ye-60s, enye imodeli yakhululwa ochungechungeni. Umfelandawonye wePorsche-Volkswagen wasebenza kulo msebenzi. Iqiniso liwukuthi kwa-VW babedinga ezemidlalo imoto, futhi Porshe wayedinga imodeli entsha eyayizoba esikhundleni 911, kodwa inguqulo yayo eshibhile nge injini kusukela 356. 1969 - iqala ukukhiqizwa imodeli yokukhiqiza ngokuhlanganyela Volkswagen-Porsche 914. Emotweni, injini yayitholakala ngokushesha ngemuva komugqa ongaphambili wezihlalo ukuya e-asi yangemuva. Umzimba wawuvele uthandwa ngabaningi baseTarga, futhi iyunithi yamandla yayingamasilinda angu-4 noma angu-6. Ngenxa yesu lokumaketha elingacatshangwa kahle, kanye nokubukeka okungavamile, imodeli ayizange ithole impendulo enjalo elindelekile. 1972 - Inkampani ishintsha ukwakheka kwayo isuke ekubeni yibhizinisi lomndeni iye kwesesidlangalaleni. Manje usethole isiqalo esithi AG esikhundleni sika-KG. Nakuba umndeni wakwaPorsche uhlulekile ukulawula ngokugcwele inkampani, iningi lenhloko-dolobha yayisesezandleni zikaFerdinand Jr. Eminye yaba ngeyakwaVW ukukhathazeka. Le nkampani yayiphethwe isisebenzi somnyango wokuthuthukiswa kwenjini - u-Ernst Furman. Isinqumo sakhe sokuqala kwaba ukuqala ukukhiqizwa kwe-928 enenjini engu-8-cylinder etholakala ngaphambili. Imoto ithathe indawo ye-911 edumile. Kuze kube yilapho kuphuma isikhundla se-CEO kuma-80s, umugqa wemoto odumile awuzange uthuthuke. 1976 - ngaphansi kwe-hood yemoto ye-Porsche kwakukhona amayunithi wamandla avela kumngane wakhe - i-VW. Isibonelo samamodeli anjalo yi-924th, 928th kanye ne-912. Le nkampani igxile ekuthuthukisweni kwalezi zimoto. 1981 - UFurman uyasuswa esikhundleni sokuba yi-CEO, futhi umphathi uPeter Schutz uqokwa esikhundleni sakhe. Ngesikhathi sokubusa kwakhe, i-911 ibuyela esimweni sayo esingashiwongo njengemodeli ephambili yomkhiqizo. Uthola izibuyekezo eziningi zangaphandle nezobuchwepheshe, ezibonakala kumaka ochungechunge. Ngakho, kukhona ukuguqulwa Carrera nge motor, amandla afinyelela 231 hp, Turbo futhi Carrera Clubsport. 1981-88 rally model 959 kukhiqizwa. Kwakuwumsebenzi wobunjiniyela wangempela: injini engu-6 litre 2,8-cylinder enama-turbocharger amabili yathuthukisa amandla angu-450hp, idrayivu enamasondo amane, ukumiswa okuguquguqukayo okunama-shuck absorbers amane isondo ngalinye (ingashintsha imvume yemoto), i-Kevlar. umzimba. Emncintiswaneni we-Paris-Dakkar we-1986, imoto yaletha izindawo ezimbili zokuqala ekumeni okuphelele. 1989-98 izinguquko ezibalulekile ochungechungeni 911, kanye nezimoto ezemidlalo front-injini, aphume ukukhiqizwa. Kuvela izimoto ezintsha - Boxter. Le nkampani ibhekene nesikhathi esinzima, esithinta kabi isimo sayo sezezimali. 1993 - umqondisi wenkampani uyashintsha futhi. Manje sekuyi-V. Wiedeking. Phakathi nenkathi esukela ku-81 kuya ku-93, abaqondisi abangu-4 bashintshwa. Inkinga yomhlaba wonke yama-90s yashiya uphawu ekukhiqizeni izimoto zohlobo oludumile lwaseJalimane. Kuze kube ngu-96, uhlobo lubuyekeza amamodeli amanje, izinjini ezithuthukisayo, ukuthuthukisa ukumiswa nokuguqula ukwakheka komzimba (kodwa ngaphandle kokusuka ekubukekeni kwakudala okujwayelekile kwePorsche). 1996 - ukukhiqizwa entsha "ubuso" inkampani iqala - imodeli 986 Boxter. Intsha yasebenzisa i-boxer motor (ephikisanayo), futhi umzimba wenziwa ngendlela ye-roadster. Ngale modeli, ibhizinisi lenkampani lahamba kancane. Imoto yayidumile kuze kube ngu-2003, lapho i-955 Cayenne ibonakala emakethe. Imboni eyodwa ayikwazi ukubhekana nomthwalo, ngakho inkampani yakha izimboni ezimbalwa ezengeziwe. 1998 - ukukhiqizwa kokulungiswa "komoya" kwe-911 kuvaliwe, futhi indodana yomsunguli wenkampani, uFerry Porsche, uyafa. 1998 - kuvela iCarrera ebuyekeziwe (isizukulwane sesine esiguqukayo), kanye namamodeli amabili wabathandi bezimoto - i-4 Turbo ne-GT966 (ishintshe isifinyezo i-RS). 2002 - Embukisweni wezimoto iGeneva, uhlobo lwemoto yethula imoto esetshenziswa ezemidlalo iCayenne. Ngezindlela eziningi, kufana ne-VW Touareg, ngoba ukuthuthukiswa kwale moto kwenziwa ngokubambisana ne-brand "ehlobene" (kusukela ngo-1993, isikhundla se-CEO yeVolkswagen sithathwe umzukulu kaFerdinand Porsche, F. bengiphuza). 2004 - Umqondo we-supercar Carrera GT, owakhonjiswa e-Geneva Motor Show ngo-2000, ungena ochungechungeni. Intsha yathola injini engu-10-cylinder V engamalitha angu-5,7 namandla amakhulu angu-612 hp. umzimba wemoto wenziwe ingxenye yento eyinhlanganisela, eyayisekelwe ku-carbon fiber. Iyunithi yamandla ibihambisana no-gearbox oyi-6-speed kanye ne-ceramic clutch. Isistimu yamabhuleki yayifakwe amaphedi e-carbon ceramic. Kuze kube ngu-2007, ngokwemiphumela yomjaho we-Nurburgring, le moto yayishesha kakhulu emhlabeni phakathi kwamamodeli we-serial road. Irekhodi le-track liphulwe ngama-millisecond angama-50 nguPagani Zonda F. Kuze kube manje, inkampani isaqhubeka nokujabulisa abathandi bezemidlalo abashayela ezimotweni zikanokusho ngokukhululwa kwamamodeli amasha anamandla amakhulu, njengePanamera yamahhashi angu-300 ngo-2010 kanye neCayenne Coupe yamahhashi angu-40 (2019). Enye ekhiqize kakhulu kwakuyiCayenne Turbo Coupe. Iyunithi yayo yamandla ithuthukisa amandla angu-550hp. I-2019 - Le nkampani ihlawuliswe ama-euro ayizigidi ezingama-535 ngenxa yokuthi izinjini ezisetshenzisiwe zakwa-Audi, okungukuthi, ngokwezindinganiso zemvelo, azihlangabezananga nemingcele emenyezelwe. Abanikazi nabaphathi Le nkampani yasungulwa umklami waseJalimane u-F. Porsche Sr. ngo-1931. Ekuqaleni, kwakuyinkampani evaliwe okwakungeyomndeni. Ngenxa yokubambisana okusebenzayo neVolkswagen, umkhiqizo wathuthela esimweni senkampani yomphakathi, umlingani oyinhloko okwakuyi-VW. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1972. Kuwo wonke umlando womkhiqizo, umndeni wakwaPorsche ubuphethe ingxenye yengonyama yenhloko-dolobha. Eminye bekungeyakhe inkampani yakwaVW. Okuhlobene nomqondo wokuthi i-CEO ye-VW kusukela ngo-1993 ungumzukulu womsunguli we-Porsche, uFerdinand Piech. Ngo-2009, u-Piech wasayina isivumelwano sokuhlanganisa izinkampani zomndeni zibe yiqembu elilodwa. Kusukela ngo-2012, umkhiqizo ubusebenza njengengxenye ehlukile yeqembu le-VAG. Umlando we-logo Kuwo wonke umlando womkhiqizo wokunethezeka, wonke amamodeli ayegqoka futhi asagqoke uphawu olulodwa olulodwa. Uphawu lubonisa isihlangu esinemibala emi-3, maphakathi naso okunomfanekiso wehhashi elikhulisayo. Ingxenye yangemuva (isihlangu esinama-antlers kanye nemithende ebomvu nemnyama) yathathwa ejazini lezikhali leSifundazwe SaseFree People of Württemberg, esahlala kwaze kwaba ngu-1945. Ihhashi lathathwa ejazini lezikhali zedolobha laseStuttgart (laliyinhloko-dolobha yaseWürttemberg). Lesi sici sasikhumbuza imvelaphi yedolobha - ekuqaleni lasungulwa njengepulazi elikhulu lamahhashi (ngo-950). I-logo ye-Porsche yavela ngo-1952, lapho i-geography yomkhiqizo ifika e-United States. Ngaphambi kokwethulwa kwezimpawu zezinkampani, izimoto zazinombhalo wePorsche. Ukubamba iqhaza emjahweni Kusukela kumodeli wokuqala wemoto yezemidlalo, inkampani ibambe iqhaza elibonakalayo emiqhudelwaneni ehlukahlukene yezimoto. Okunye okuzuzwe wumkhiqizo kuhlanganisa: Ukuwina imijaho yamahora angu-24 ye-Le Mans (356 ngomzimba we-aluminium); Izinhlanga emigwaqweni yaseMexico Carrera Panamericana (eyenziwe iminyaka emi-4 kusukela ngo-1950); Umjaho wase-Italy wokukhuthazela uMille Miglia, owenzeka emigwaqweni yomphakathi (kusukela ngo-1927 kuya ku-57); Umjaho emigwaqweni yomphakathi e-Sicily Targo Florio (owawubanjwe ngesikhathi sika-1906-77); umjaho wokujikeleza wamahora angu-12 endaweni yesikhungo sezindiza sangaphambili edolobheni laseSebring eFlorida, eU.SA (obebanjwa minyaka yonke kusukela ngo-1952); Imijaho emzileni we-German Automobile Club e-Nürburgring, ebilokhu ibanjelwe kusukela ngo-1927; Umjaho we-rally e-Monte Carlo; I-Rally Paris-Dakkar. Sekukonke, umkhiqizo unezinkulungwane ezingama-28 zokunqoba kuyo yonke imincintiswano efakwe kuhlu. I-Lineup Uhlu lwenkampani luhlanganisa izimoto ezilandelayo ezibalulekile. I-Prototypes 1947-48 - I-Prototype #1 esekelwe ku-VW Kafer. Imodeli yaqanjwa ngokuthi 356. Iyunithi yamandla ebisetshenziswa kuyo bekungeyohlobo lwesibhakela. 1988 - owandulela iPanamera, eyayisekelwe ku-922 no-993 chassis.