Konke mayelana nepompo lamanzi (futha) lohlelo lokupholisa

Noma iyiphi injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ibhekene nengcindezi ebalulekile yokushisa ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Ukuze ukushisa kweleyunithi kungabangeli ukwehluleka kwayo okuseduze, kudinga ukupholisa. Isikimu sohlelo lokupholisa esivame kakhulu sifaka iphampu empompa okupholisa emgqeni.

Cabanga ngomshini womshini, uyini umpompo wamanzi, uzosebenza ngasiphi isimiso, yiziphi izinto ezingasebenzi kahle nokuthi ungazilungisa kanjani ngokwakho.

Yini ipompo lamanzi?

Iphampu ifakwa eduze ngangokunokwenzeka nebhlokhi yenjini. Ingxenye eyodwa yomshini iyobe isendaweni uqobo lwayo, ngoba impeller yayo kumele, lapho ijikeleza, ilethe uketshezi olusohlelweni. Ngemuva kwesikhashana sizocubungula ukuguqulwa okuhlukile kwalawa madivayisi. Uma uthatha ipompo yamanzi yakudala yemoto, ingatholakala ezansi nenjini.

Ukuze isebenze, ukwakheka komshini kusho ukuba khona kwe-pulley, exhunywe kuyunithi yamandla nge-drive drive. Kule nguqulo, ipompo le-hydraulic lizosebenza ngenkathi iyunithi yamandla isebenza. Uma iphampu lihluleka, lokhu kuzothinta ukusebenza kwemoto yemoto (ngenxa yokushisa ngokweqile, kuzohluleka).

Ukuqokwa

Ngakho-ke, ipompo emotweni iyingxenye yokupholisa kweyunithi yamandla. Imininingwane yokuthi uhlelo luhlelwe kanjani, nokuthi uyini umgomo wokusebenza kwayo, ichaziwe kokunye ukubuyekeza... Kepha ngamafuphi, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zazo. Owokuqala unikeza ukupholisa kweyunithi ngosizo lokugeleza komoya, ngakho-ke kuzobizwa ngokuthi umoya.

Uhlobo lwesibili lohlelo lunguketshezi. Igcwele uketshezi olukhethekile - i-antifreeze noma i-antifreeze (mayelana nokuthi le nto ihluke kanjani emanzini, funda lapha). Kodwa ukuze imoto iphole ngesikhathi sokusebenza, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukusakazwa kwalolu ketshezi. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ibhlokhi yenjini izoshisa, futhi into ekwi-radiator izobanda.

Njengoba igama lomshini lisho, inhloso yalo ukupompa uketshezi olusebenzayo (i-antifreeze noma i-antifreeze) kulayini oxhunywe emotweni. Ukujikeleza okuphoqelelwe kusheshisa ukunikezwa koketshezi olupholile kusuka kwiradiyetha kuya enjinini (ukuze inqubo yokupholisa yenzeke ngokusebenza kahle okukhulu, injini inejakhethi yamanzi - iziteshi ezikhethekile ezenziwe ezindlini zezindlu zesilinda). I-antifreeze uqobo lupholile ngokwemvelo (lapho imoto ihamba) noma ukuhamba komoya okuphoqelelwe (lo msebenzi wenziwa ngumlandeli, ofunda ngokuningiliziwe ngawo ngokwehlukana) irediyetha.

Ngaphezu kokupholisa injini, ngenxa yepompo, ukufudumeza kwekhabini nakho kuyasebenza. Lolu hlelo lusebenza kumgomo ofanayo wokushintshana ngokushisa phakathi kwamaphiko e-radiator nomoya ohambisana nendawo, kuphela kulokhu ukushisa akususwanga emotweni, kepha kusetshenziselwa ukudala ukushisa okunethezekile ngaphakathi kwezimoto. Lapho umoya udlula entweni yokufudumeza, kuzopholisa isekthi ngezinga elithile (uma umoya uthathwa ngaphandle kwemoto), ngakho-ke kwesinye isikhathi abanikazi bezimoto ezindala bancoma ukuvula ukufudumeza kwangaphakathi lapho imoto isiminyaminya sezimoto ukuze injini ayibilisi. Ngeminye imininingwane yokuthi kusebenza kanjani ukufudumeza emotweni, funda lapha.

Idivayisi yepompo ye-Centrifugal

Iphampu yamanzi yakudala inedivayisi elula. Lokhu kuguqulwa kuzoba nenani elincane lezingxenye, ngenxa yokuthi lo mshini unempilo ende yokusebenza. Idizayini yayo ifaka phakathi:

• Umzimba (okokusebenza okwenziwe ngakho kufanele umelane nemithwalo ephezulu nokudlidliza okungaguquki - ikakhulukazi i-iron yensimbi noma i-aluminium);
• Umphini okufakwe kuwo wonke ama-actuator;
• Ukuthwala okuvimbela ukungqubuzana komphimbo emzimbeni wensimbi, futhi kuqinisekise ukujikeleza okufanayo komfutho;
• Impeller (eyenziwe ngepulasitiki noma ngensimbi), ehlinzeka ngokumpompa indawo yokusebenza kumasekethe;
• Uphawu lukawoyela oluhlinzeka ngophawu endaweni yokufakwa kwamabheringi kanye ne-shaft;
• Uphawu lwamapayipi (injoloba emelana nokushisa);
• Ukugcina indandatho;
• Intwasahlobo yengcindezi (etholakala kumamodeli afakwe kuma-motors amadala).

Isithombe esingezansi sikhombisa isigaba sokunye ukuguqulwa okuvame kakhulu kwamaphampu wamanzi ezimoto:

I-pulley ifakwe esikhwameni (ekuguqulweni okuningi kunamazinyo). Lesi sici sikuvumela ukuthi uxhume idrayivu yepompo kunqubo yokusabalalisa igesi, yona esebenza ngokuzungezisa i-crankshaft. Zonke lezi zindlela zivumelanisiwe futhi zakha uhlelo olulodwa olusebenzisa idrayivu eyodwa. I-torque idluliselwa ngebhande lesikhathi (funda ngalo ngokuningiliziwe lapha), noma uchungechunge oluhambisanayo, oluchazwe kwesinye isihloko.

Ngenxa yokuthi ipompo lihlangana njalo ne-crankshaft, linikeza ingcindezi kulayini ngenxa yejubane le-crankshaft. Ngokukhuphuka kwesivinini senjini, ipompo liqala ukusebenza ngamandla.

Ukuvikela ipompo le-hydraulic ekuhlushweni ukunyakaza okungapheli kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi, kufakwa i-gasket phakathi kwebhulokhi yenjini nendlu yepompo esizeni sokufaka, esinciphisa ukudlidliza. Endaweni lapho izindwani zitholakala khona, umzimba uvuleke kancane, futhi kunamagatsha amathathu kuwo. Owokuqala uxhunywe kumbhobho wegatsha kusuka ku-radiator, kuye kwesibili - ipayipi legatsha lejakhethi yokupholisa, nakwesithathu - i-heater.

Ipompo isebenza kanjani

Umsebenzi wepompo wamanzi ume kanje. Lapho umshayeli eqala injini, i-torque idluliselwa kusuka ku-crankshaft pulley ngebhande noma ngeketanga iye ku-pump pulley. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-shaft iyajikeleza, lapho umfutho ugibele khona ohlangothini olubhekene ne-pulley.

Iphampu inesimiso sokusebenza se-centrifugal. Umshini wokujikeleza uyakwazi ukudala ingcindezi yomkhathi owodwa, oqinisekisa ukuthi uketshezi lufakwa kuwo wonke amasekethe, kuya ngokuthi iyiphi iyunithi evulwa yi-valve ye-thermostat. Ngemininingwane yokuthi kungani i-thermostat idingeka ohlelweni lokupholisa, funda ngokwehlukana... Futhi, ingcindezi ohlelweni lokupholisa iyadingeka ukukhulisa umkhawulo wokubilisa we-antifreeze (le nkomba ilingana ngqo nengcindezi kulayini - iyaphezulu, izinga lokushisa lizobila injini yangaphakathi yomlilo).

Ipayipi ngalinye lempompo litshekile. Ngenxa yalokhu, impeller ihlinzeka ngokuhamba okusheshayo kwendawo yokusebenza ezindlini. Ukusuka ngaphakathi, isigaxa sepompo sinedivayisi yokuthi, ngenxa yamandla we-centrifugal, i-antifreeze iqondiswe ezitolo ezixhunywe kumasekethe ahambisanayo. Ngenxa yomehluko wengcindezi ekunikezeni nasekubuyiseni, i-antifreeze iqala ukuhamba ngaphakathi kolayini.

Ukusebenza kwepompo kuqinisekisa ukuhamba kwesipholisi kulayini ngokusho kohlelo olulandelayo:

• Kusukela ku-impeller, ngenxa yokujikeleza okuqinile (i-centrifugal force) yamakhasi, i-antifreeze iphonswa odongeni lwezindlu, oludlulela kahle esitolo. Yile ndlela umjovo wesifunda owenzeka ngayo.
• Kusuka kule ndawo yokuphuma, uketshezi lungena ejazini lenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi. Yenzelwe ngendlela yokuthi isipholisi siqale sidlule ezingxenyeni ezishisa kakhulu zophiko (ama-valve, amasilinda).
• Ngemuva kwalokho i-antifreeze idlula ku-thermostat. Uma imoto isesigabeni sokuzifudumeza, isifunda siyavalwa bese uketshezi olusebenzayo lungena kokungena kwepompo (lokho okubizwa ngokuthi yindilinga yokujikeleza okuncane). Enjini efudumele, i-thermostat ivulekile, ngakho-ke i-antifreeze iya ku-radiator. Ngokushaya umshini wokushisa, izinga lokushisa elipholisayo liyancipha.
• Ekungeneni kwepompo, ingcindezi yomshini osebenzayo iphansi kunalapho kuthengwa khona, yingakho kudaleka i-vacuum kule ngxenye yomugqa, futhi kumunzwa uketshezi kusuka engxenyeni elayishwe kakhulu ye-OS. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-antifreeze idlula kumashubhu e-radiator futhi ingena ekungeneni kwepompo.

Amasistimu anepompo eyengeziwe

Ezinye izimoto zesimanje zisebenzisa amasistimu okupholisa ane-blower water eyengeziwe efakiwe. Kuhlelo olunjalo, ipompo elilodwa lisahlala liyinhloko. Okwesibili, ngokuya ngesakhiwo sohlelo nokwakhiwa kwenjini, kungenza isenzo esilandelayo:

• Nikeza ukupholisa okungeziwe kuyunithi yamandla. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma umshini usebenza ezindaweni ezishisayo.
• Khulisa amandla we-centrifugal wesekethe ye-heater esizayo (ingaxhunywa kulayini wokupholisa wemoto).
• Uma imoto ifakwe uhlelo lokukhishwa kabusha kwegesi (kuyini, kuchazwa ngokwehlukana), Iphampu eyengeziwe yakhelwe ukupholisa kangcono amagesi okukhipha.
• Uma ngaphansi kwe-hood yemoto ifakwe injini ene-turbocharged, khona-ke i-supercharger esizayo izonikeza ukupholisa kwe-compressor, ngoba ishiswa ngomphumela wamagesi wokukhipha ku-drive impeller yedivayisi.
• Kwezinye izinhlelo, ngemuva kokumisa injini, i-coolant iyaqhubeka nokuzungeza ngomgwaqo omkhulu ngenxa yokusebenza kwe-supercharger eyengeziwe, ukuze kuthi ngemuva kokushayela ngamandla, injini ingashisi kakhulu. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba iphampu enkulu yokubacindezela iyeka ukusebenza ngemuva kokucinywa kweyunithi yamandla.

Ngokuyinhloko, laba bashayeli bamanzi abasizayo baqhutshwa ngogesi. Le mpompo kagesi ilawulwa yi-ECU.

Ipompo lokuvala

Olunye uhlobo lwesistimu yokupholisa lunepompo eshintshekayo. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wokuguqulwa okunjalo ukusheshisa inqubo yokufudumeza iyunithi yamandla. Iphampu elinjalo lisebenza ngokuya ngesimiso esifanayo ne-analogue yakudala. Umehluko kuphela ukuthi ukwakheka kwawo kune-valve ekhethekile evimba ukuphuma kwe-antifreeze kusuka kupompo kuya kujakhethi yokupholisa yemoto.

Iningi labashayeli bezimoto liyazi ukuthi zonke izinjini zangaphakathi zomlilo ezipholile eziwuketshezi zipholile ziye emazingeni okushisa asemuva ngemuva kwesikhathi eside sokungasebenzi. Ukuze iyunithi isebenze kahle, ngemuva kokuqala kufanele ifinyelele kuzinga lokushisa elisebenzayo (mayelana nokuthi leli xabiso kufanele libe yini, funda lapha). Kepha, njengoba sesibonile, uhlelo lokupholisa luqala ukusebenza ngokushesha nje lapho i-ICE iqala. Ukwenza iyunithi lifudumale ngokushesha, onjiniyela bayihlomisa ngamasekethe amabili okupholisa (amancane namakhulu). Kodwa intuthuko yesimanje yenza kube nokwenzeka ukusheshisa inqubo yokufudumeza injini.

Ukuze umlilo womxube we-air-fuel usebenze kahle kakhulu, kufanele ushiswe ngezinga elithile. Kulokhu, uphethiloli uyahwamuka (injini kadizili isebenza ngokuya ngomgomo ohlukile, kodwa futhi idinga nombuso wokushisa ukuze umoya ocindezelweyo uhambisane nokushisa kokuzishisa kukaphethiloli kadizili), ngenxa yokuthi kuvutha kangcono.

Ezinhlelweni ezisebenzayo ezinendlela yokushintsha ipompo, i-supercharger nayo iyaqhubeka nokusebenza, kuphela ukufudumeza imoto, indawo evinjiwe ivinjiwe nge-damper. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-antifreeze ayihambi ngejakhethi yokupholisa, futhi ibhlokhi isheshe isheshe. Umshini onjalo uphinde ulawulwe yi-ECU. Lapho i-microprocessor ithola izinga lokushisa elizinzile esitobhini esifundeni esingama-degree angama-30, i-elekthronikhi ivula i-damper isebenzisa ulayini we-vacuum kanye nezigwedlo ezihambisanayo, futhi ukusakazwa kuqala ohlelweni. Lonke uhlelo lusebenza ngokufana noludala. Idivayisi enjalo yepompo inikeza ukwehla komthwalo kwinjini yomlilo yangaphakathi ngesikhathi sokufudumala kwayo. Izinhlelo ezinjalo zizibonakalisile ezifundeni ezinamazinga okushisa aphansi, ngisho nasehlobo.

Izinhlobo nokuklanywa kwamaphampu wamanzi

Ngaphandle kokuthi amaphampu ezimoto zamanzi awanawo umehluko oyisisekelo ekwakhiweni, ahlukaniswe ngokwehlukana ngezigaba ezimbili:

• Impompo mechanical. Lokhu ukuguqulwa okudala okusetshenziswa ezimotweni eziningi zezimoto. Idizayini yepompo enjalo ichazwe ngenhla. Isebenza ngokudlulisa i-torque ngebhande elixhunywe kwi-crankshaft pulley. Iphampu lomshini lisebenza ngokuvumelanayo nenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi.
• Iphampu kagesi. Lokhu kuguqulwa kunikezela nokujikeleza okupholile njalo, kuphela idrayivu yalo ehlukile. Imoto kagesi isetshenziselwa ukuzungezisa ishafula lempepho. Ilawulwa yi-ECU microprocessor ngokuya ngama-algorithms akhanya efektri. Iphampu kagesi inezinzuzo zayo. Phakathi kwazo yikhono lokuvala ukusakazwa kokufudumala okusheshayo kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi.

Futhi, amaphampu ahlukaniswa ngokwezinqubo ezilandelayo:

• Iphampu enkulu. Inhloso yalomshini munye - ukuhlinzeka ngamaphampu wokupholisa ohlelweni.
• I-supercharger eyengeziwe. Izindlela ezinjalo zepompo zifakwa kuphela kwezinye izimoto. Ngokuya ngohlobo lwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi kanye nokujikeleza kohlelo lokupholisa, lawa madivayisi asetshenziselwa ukupholisa okwengeziwe kwenjini, ophephela, isistimu yokukhipha igesi nokusabalalisa i-antifreeze ngemuva kokumisa injini. Isici sesibili sihlukile kupompo omkhulu kudrayivu yayo - shaft yayo iqhutshelwa ekujikelezeni yimoto kagesi.

Enye indlela yokuhlukanisa amaphampu wamanzi ngohlobo lokuklama:

• Ayikwazi ukuphuka. Kule nguqulo, ipompo libhekwa njengelisebenzekayo okufanele lishintshwe ngesikhathi sokulungiswa okujwayelekile (yize kungashintshwa kaningi njengamafutha) emotweni. Ukuguqulwa okunjalo kunomklamo olula, okwenza ukuthi indawo esetshenzisiwe ishibhe kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa nozakwabo ababizayo ababizayo abangalungiswa. Le nqubo kufanele ihambisane njalo nokufakwa kwebhande elisha lesikhathi, ukuphuka kwalo kwezinye izimoto kugcwele umonakalo omkhulu ophikweni lukagesi.
• Iphampu egoqekayo. Lezi zinguquko zisetshenziswe emishinini emidala. Lokhu kuguqulwa kukuvumela ukuthi wenze ukulungiswa okuthile kumshini, kanye nokugcinwa kwawo (geza, gcoba noma ubeke ezinye izingxenye ezihlulekile).

Ukungasebenzi kahle kwepompo ejwayelekile

Uma iphampu lihluleka, ukupholisa injini kuyeka ukusebenza. Ukungasebenzi kahle okunjalo kuzoholela ekushiseni kakhulu kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi, kepha lokhu kungumphumela omuhle kakhulu. Okubi kakhulu lapho ukuwohloka komphehli wamanzi kuholela ekwazini ibhande lesikhathi. Nakhu ukonakala okuvame kakhulu kwepompo lokubacindezela:

1. Indlala ilahlekelwe yimpahla yayo. Umsebenzi wawo ukuvimbela ukungena kwe-antifreeze emncintiswaneni ophetheyo. Uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka okunjalo, igrisi ethwele ikhishwa yi-coolant. Yize ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwesipholisi kunamafutha futhi kuthambile kakhulu kunamanzi ajwayelekile, le nto isakuthinta kabi ukusebenza kwamabhere. Lapho le nto ilahlekelwa ukuthambisa kwayo, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nakanjani izonikeza isigaxa.
2. Impepho iphukile. Kulokhu, kuya ngezinga lokulimala kwama-blade, uhlelo luzosebenza isikhashana, kepha i-blade ewile ingavimba indawo yokusebenza, ngakho-ke lo monakalo awunakunakwa nakho.
3. I-shaft play ivele. Njengoba lo mshini ujikeleza njalo ngejubane elikhulu, indawo ye-backlash izophuka kancane kancane. Ngemuva kwalokho, uhlelo luzoqala ukusebenza lungazinzi, noma ludilike ngokuphelele.
4. Ukugqwala ezingxenyeni zepompo zangaphakathi. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho umshayeli othela izipholisi ezingekho ezingeni ohlelweni. Lapho ukuvuza kwenzeka ku-OS, into yokuqala kakhulu eyenziwa abashayeli abaningi ukugcwalisa amanzi ajwayelekile (afakwe okungaphezulu). Njengoba lolu ketshezi lungenawo umphumela wokuthambisa, izingxenye zensimbi zepompo zonakala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Leli phutha futhi liholela ekwehlukaneni kwemishini yokushayela.
5. I-Cavitation. Lona ngumphumela lapho amabhamuza omoya eqhuma ngamandla anjalo, okuholela ekubhujisweni kwezakhi zedivayisi. Ngenxa yalokhu, izingxenye ezibuthakathaka nezithinteka kakhulu ziyabhujiswa ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwedivayisi.
6. Izakhi ezingaphandle zivele ohlelweni. Ukuvela kokungcola kungenxa yesondlo esingalindelekile. Futhi, uma umshayeli engazinaki izincomo zokusebenzisa i-antifreeze, hhayi amanzi. Ngaphezu kokugqwala ngenxa yamazinga okushisa aphezulu kulayini, isikali sizovela ngokuqinisekile. Esimweni esihle kakhulu, kuzovimba kancane ukuhamba ngokukhululeka kwesipholisi, futhi esimweni esibi kakhulu, lezi zimali zinganqamuka futhi zilimaze izindlela zokusebenza, ngokwesibonelo, zivimbela i-thermostat valve ekuhambeni.
7. Ukwehluleka kokuthwala. Lokhu kungenxa yokugqoka kwemvelo noma ngenxa yokuvuza kwe-antifreeze kusuka ohlelweni ngophawu lukawoyela. Ukungasebenzi kahle okunjalo kungaqedwa kuphela ngokufaka esikhundleni sephampu.
8. Ibhande lesikhathi liphukile. Lokhu kwehluleka kungabangelwa kuphela kupompo esimweni sedgeji yedrayivu yedivayisi. Kunoma ikuphi, ukungabi khona kwe-torque kudrayivu ngeke kuvumele imoto ukuthi isebenze (isikhathi se-valve nokushisa ngeke kusebenze ngokuhambisana nemivimbo yesilinda).

Ukuze imoto ishise ngokweqile, kwanele ukumisa iphampu imizuzu nje embalwa. Amazinga okushisa abucayi ahlanganiswe nomthwalo omkhulu womshini angaholela ekushintsheni kwekhanda lesilinda, kanye nasekuqhekekeni kwezingxenye ze-KShM. Ukuze ungasebenzisi imali enesizotha ekulungisweni kwezinjini, kushibhile ukwenza ukugcinwa kwesistimu yokupholisa nokufaka ipompo esikhundleni salo.

Izimpawu zokungasebenzi kahle

Uphawu lokuqala lwe-CO ukungasebenzi kahle kukwanda okusheshayo nokubucayi kwezinga lokushisa kwemoto. Kulokhu, i-antifreeze ethangini lokukhulisa ingahle ipholile. Okokuqala, udinga ukuhlola i-thermostat - ingahle ibe sesimweni esivaliwe ngenxa yokwehluleka. Ukuze umshayeli akwazi ukunquma ngokuzimela ukungasebenzi kahle kohlelo lokupholisa, kufakwa inzwa yokushisa kwangaphakathi kwenjini yokushisa.

Uphawu olulandelayo olubonisa isidingo somsebenzi wokulungisa ukuvuza kwe-antifreeze endaweni yempompo. Kulokhu, izinga lokupholisa ethangini lokunweba lizokwehla (isilinganiso salokhu sincike ezingeni lomonakalo). Ungangeza i-antifreeze ohlelweni lapho injini iphola kancane (ngenxa yomehluko omkhulu wokushisa, ibhulokhi ingahle iqhekeke). Yize ungaqhubeka nokushayela ngokuvuza okuncane kwe-antifreeze, kungcono ukuya esiteshini sesevisi ngokushesha ukuze uvikele umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu. Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukunciphisa umthwalo kwinjini yomlilo yangaphakathi.

Nazi ezinye izimpawu zokuthi ungabona ukungasebenzi kahle kwepompo ye-hydraulic:

• Ngesikhathi sokuqala kwenjini engashiswanga, kuzwakala umsindo ngaphansi kwehood, kepha ngaphambi kokushintsha ipompo, kuyadingeka ukuthi uphinde uhlole isimo se-generator (ibuye isebenze kusukela kubhande lesikhathi, futhi kokunye ukuphuka ikhipha umsindo ofanayo). Ungahlola kanjani i-generator, kukhona okunye ukubuyekeza.
• Ukuvuza kwe-Antifreeze kuvele ohlangothini lokushayela ipompo. Kungabangelwa ukudlala kwe-shaft, ukugqoka uphawu, noma ukuvuza kwebhokisi lokugxilisa.
• Ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo kwalomshini kukhombise ukuba khona kokudlala kwe-shaft, kepha akukho ukuvuza okupholisayo. Uma kwenzeka ukungasebenzi kahle okunjalo, ipompo lishintsha libe elisha, kepha uma imodeli ihlukanisiwe, khona-ke ukuthwala nophawu lwamafutha kufanele kushintshwe.

Izimbangela zokungasebenzi kahle kwepompo yamanzi

Ukungasebenzi kahle kwepompo yohlelo lokupholisa injini kubangelwa izinto ezintathu:

• Okokuqala, njengazo zonke izindlela ezisemotweni, le divayisi ivame ukuguga. Ngalesi sizathu, abenzi bezimoto basungula imithethonqubo ethile yokushintshwa kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamadivayisi. Ukuthwala noma impeller kungaphuka.
• Okwesibili, umshayeli ngokwakhe angakwazi ukusheshisa ukuwohloka komshini. Isibonelo, izokwehla ngokushesha uma kungathelwa i-antifreeze ohlelweni, kepha amanzi, noma ngabe echithiwe. Imvelo eqinile ingaholela ekwakhiweni kwesikali. Imali ingaflaya futhi ivimbe ukugeleza koketshezi. Futhi, ukufakwa okungalungile kwemishini kungayenza ingasebenziseki, ngokwesibonelo, ukungezwani ngokweqile ebhandeni ngokuqinisekile kuzoholela ekuhlulekeni.
• Okwesithathu, ukuvuza kwe-antifreeze ngophawu lukawoyela kuzovusa ukwehluleka okuzuzayo.

Ukulungiswa kwepompo ye-DIY

Uma kufakwa ipompo ewayo emotweni, uma yehla, ingalungiswa. Yize umsebenzi ungenziwa ngokuzimela, kungcono ukuwunikela kochwepheshe. Isizathu salokhu ukucaciswa okucacile phakathi komzimba wedivayisi kanye ne-shaft. Uchwepheshe uzokwazi futhi ukunquma ukuthi ngabe idivayisi ingalungiswa noma cha.

Nakhu ukulandelana lapho kulungiswa khona ipompo elinjalo:

1. Ibhande lokushayela liyadilizwa (kubalulekile ukwenza amamaki kuma-pulleys wesikhathi kanye ne-crankshaft ukuze isikhathi se-valve singasuki);
2. Amabhawodi okubopha awasuswanga;
3. Iphampu lonke lisuswa enjinini;
4. Ukuqaqa kwenziwa ngokudiliza izindandatho zokugcina;
5. I-shaft drive icindezelwe ngaphandle;
6. Ngemuva kokucindezela shaft, ukuthwala ezimweni eziningi kuhlala ezindlini, ngakho-ke kuyacindezelwa futhi;
7. Kulesi sigaba, izinto ezigugile ziyalahlwa kude bese kufakwa ezintsha esikhundleni salokho;
8. Indlela ihlanganisiwe yafakwa enjini yomlilo yangaphakathi.

Ubuqili bale nqubo buxhomeke ohlotsheni lwezimoto nokwakhiwa kwepompo uqobo. Ngalesi sizathu, ukulungiswa kufanele kwenziwe nguchwepheshe oqonda ubuqili obunjalo.

Ukufaka esikhundleni

Amayunithi amaningi wamanje anamandla afakwa ipompo elingahlukaniseki. Uma yehla, indlela ishintsha iye kwenye. Ezimotweni eziningi, inqubo icishe ifane. I-pulley ngokwayo ayidingi ukudilizwa, ngoba iyingxenye yomklamo wepompo wokubacindezela.

Inqubo yokufaka esikhundleni yenziwa ngokulandelana okulandelayo:

1. Ibhande lokushayela liyasuswa, kepha ngaphambi kwalapho amamaki abekwa ku-timing nesikhathi se-crankshaft;
2. Amabhawodi okubopha awavulwa futhi ipompo iyadilizwa;
3. Faka iphampu ye-hydraulic entsha ngokulandelana.

Akunandaba noma ngabe iphampu liyalungiswa noma liyashintshwa, ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi, kubalulekile ukukhipha i-antifreeze kusuka ohlelweni. Nabu obunye ubuqili. Amaphampu amaningi amasha athengiswa ngaphandle kwezinsini, ngakho-ke udinga ukuwathenga ngokwehlukana. Kuyafaneleka futhi ukubheka ukuthi ukufinyelela kupompo akukhululekile kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezimoto, futhi kudinga ulwazi oluhle lokuthi indawo yenjini ihlelwe kanjani ecaleni elithile.

Uma iphampu lingashintshwa ngesikhathi, ngakho-ke, i-antifreeze izoshiya kancane uhlelo (ivuza ngophawu lukawoyela). Ukungasebenzi kahle okunjalo akudingi izindleko ezinkulu, ngoba ukuvuza okuncane okwenziwa abashayeli abaningi "kuyasuswa" ngokufaka i-antifreeze.

Uma ukuvuza kwe-antifreeze kubucayi, kepha umshayeli engakubonanga ngesikhathi, khona-ke injini izoshisa ngokweqile (ukusakazeka okungalungile noma ukungabi khona kwayo ngenxa yezinga elipholile lokupholisa). Ukushayela ngokungasebenzi kahle kanjalo kuzoholela ekuwohlokeni kwento yamandla uqobo. Izinga labo lincike esimweni sezingxenye zenjini. Into ebi kakhulu ukuguqula i-geometry yekhanda lesilinda.

Ngenxa yokushisa okweqile njalo kwemoto, ama-microcracks azovela ebhlokini, okuzoholela ekushintshelweni okuphelele kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi. Ukuguqulwa kwekhanda kungaholela ekutheni amasekhethi wezinhlelo zokupholisa nokugcoba angashintsha, futhi i-antifreeze izongena emotweni, ebuye igcwele iyunithi.

Ukuvimbela ukungasebenzi kahle

Ngakho-ke, uma unikezwe imiphumela ebucayi yokwehluleka kwepompo ye-motor hydraulic, wonke umnikazi wemoto kufanele enze umsebenzi wokuvimbela ngesikhathi esifanele. Lolu hlu lincane. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukunamathela kuzincomo ze-automaker zokushintshwa okuhleliwe:

• I-Antifreeze. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhwalithi yale nto idinga ukunakwa kakhulu;
• Impompo yamanzi;
• Isikhathi sebhande (isethi ephelele enama-idler kanye nama-idler rollers, inani lawo elincike kumodeli yezimoto).

Isici esibalulekile ileveli efanele yokupholisa echibini. Le pharamitha kulula ukuyilawula ngenxa yomaka ohambelana nethangi. Uma kunokwenzeka, kungcono ukukhipha ukungena kwezinto zangaphandle kulayini we-OS (isibonelo, lapho kuvela ukuvuza kurediyetha, abanye abashayeli bathela izinto ezikhethekile ethangini ezakha ungqimba oluminyene ngaphakathi kwesekethe). Isistimu yokupholisa injini ehlanzekile ngeke ivikele kuphela ukulimala kwepompo, kepha futhi izohlinzeka ngokupholisa injini esezingeni eliphakeme.

Ekupheleni kokubuyekezwa, siphakamisa ukuthi ubuke ividiyo emfushane mayelana nepompo yenjini:

Yini ipompo? Izimpawu zokungasebenzi kahle kwepompo. Ukushintsha ipompo nebhande lesikhathi.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Unganquma kanjani ukuthi iphampu inephutha? Imisindo evela emoteni ngenkathi isebenza. Ukudlala kwephampu, ukuvuza okupholile. Izinga lokushisa lezimoto likhuphuka ngokushesha futhi lishisa kakhulu njalo.

Ayini amaphampu? Lena ingxenye yesistimu yokupholisa. Iphampu, noma iphampu yamanzi, ihlinzeka ngokujikeleza okungapheli kwe-antifreeze ngokusebenzisa uhlelo, kusheshisa ukudluliswa kokushisa phakathi kwenjini nendawo.

Isebenza kanjani iphampu lamanzi emotweni? Kunguqulo yakudala, ixhunywe ku-crankshaft ngebhande. Ngenkathi i-crankshaft ijikeleza, i-impeller yepompo nayo iyajikeleza. Kukhona amamodeli anedrayivu kagesi ngayinye.