Idivayisi nomgomo wokusebenza kohlelo lokushisa lwe-HVAC, umoya omncane kanye nomoya

Inkinga yokugcina izinga lokushisa elikhululekile endaweni yabagibeli yemoto yavela ekuqaleni kwemboni yezimoto. Ukuze bafudumale, abashayeli babesebenzisa izitofu zokhuni ezihlangene nezitofu zamalahle, nezibani zegesi. Ngisho namagesi akhipha umoya ayesetshenziselwa ukufudumeza. Kodwa ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe, amasistimu alula futhi aphephile aqala ukuvela anganikeza isimo sezulu esinethezekile phakathi nohambo. Namuhla, lo msebenzi wenziwa umoya wemoto, ukufudumeza kanye nesistimu ye-air conditioning - HVAC.

Ukusatshalaliswa kwezinga lokushisa endaweni yabagibeli

Ngezinsuku ezishisayo, umzimba wemoto ushisa kakhulu elangeni. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinga lokushisa endaweni yabagibeli likhuphuka kakhulu. Uma izinga lokushisa ngaphandle lifinyelela kuma-degree angu-30, khona-ke izinkomba ngaphakathi kwemoto zingakhuphuka zibe ngama-degree angu-50. Kulokhu, izingqimba ezishisa kakhulu zobuningi bomoya zisendaweni eseduze nophahla. Lokhu kubangela ukujuluka okukhulu, ukwanda komfutho wegazi nokushisa okudlulele endaweni yekhanda lomshayeli.

Ukuze udale izimo ezinhle kakhulu zohambo, kuyadingeka ukunikeza iphethini yokusabalalisa izinga lokushisa eliphambene: lapho umoya endaweni yekhanda upholile kancane kunezinyawo zomshayeli. Isistimu ye-HVAC izosiza ekuhlinzekeni lokhu kufudumala.

Umklamo wesistimu

Imojuli ye-HVAC (Heating Ventilation Air-Conditioning) ihlanganisa amathuluzi amathathu ahlukene ngesikhathi esisodwa. Lezi yizinhlelo zokufudumeza, ukungena komoya kanye nezipholile. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wabo ngamunye ukugcina izimo ezikhululekile kanye nokushisa komoya ngaphakathi kwemoto.

Ukukhethwa kwesistimu eyodwa noma enye kunqunywa izimo zezulu: ngenkathi ebandayo, uhlelo lokushisa lusebenza, ngezinsuku ezishisayo i-air conditioner ivuliwe emotweni. I-ventilation isetshenziselwa ukugcina umoya ngaphakathi uhlanzekile.

Heating uhlelo emotweni kuhlanganisa:

• ukuxuba uhlobo heater;
• i-centrifugal fan;
• iziteshi eziqondisayo ezinama-dampers.

Umoya oshisayo ugeleza uye kwi-windshield nasemafasiteleni aseceleni, kanye nasebusweni nasemilenzeni yomshayeli nomgibeli ongaphambili. Ezinye izimoto zibuye zibe namapayipi omoya abagibeli abangemuva. Ukwengeza, amadivaysi kagesi asetshenziselwa ukushisa ngemuva nama-windshields.

Uhlelo lokungenisa umoya kusiza ukupholisa nokuhlanza umoya emotweni. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-ventilation, izakhi eziyinhloko zesistimu yokushisa zihilelekile. Ukwengeza, izihlungi zokuhlanza zisetshenziswa ezibamba uthuli futhi zibambe iphunga elingaphandle.

Ekugcineni air conditioning system ekwazi ukupholisa umoya nokunciphisa umswakama emotweni. Kulezi zinhloso, kusetshenziswa i-air conditioner yemoto.

Uhlelo lwe-HVAC alukuvumeli nje kuphela ukuthi unikeze izinga lokushisa elinethezekile, kodwa futhi nokubonakala okudingekayo lapho amafasitela emoto ekwazi ukuqhwaza noma agcwale inkungu.

Umoya ungena kanjani endlini

Ukushisa, isimo somoya noma ukufaka umoya endaweni yabagibeli, kusetshenziswa umoya ongena ngaphakathi ngesikhathi imoto ihamba nge-inlet ehlinzekelwe lokhu. Ukucindezela okuphezulu kudaleka kule ndawo, okuvumela umoya ukuthi ugeleze udlulele emgudwini bese ungena ku-heater.

Uma umoya usetshenziselwa ukungena komoya, khona-ke ukushisa kwawo okwengeziwe akwenziwanga: kungena endaweni yabagibeli ngokusebenzisa ama-vents ephaneli eliphakathi. Umoya wangaphandle uhlanzwa ngaphambili ngesihlungi sempova, esifakwa futhi kumojula ye-HVAC.

Idivayisi kanye nesimiso sokusebenza kwesitofu semoto

Ukushisa kwegumbi labagibeli kwenziwa ngosizo loketshezi olupholisa injini. Ithatha ukushisa enjini egijimayo futhi, idlula kurediyetha, ikudlulisele phakathi kwemoto.

Idizayini ye-heater yemoto, eyaziwa kangcono ngokuthi "isitofu", iqukethe izinto ezimbalwa eziyisisekelo:

• irediyetha;
• amapayipi okujikeleza apholile;
• isilawuli sokugeleza kwamanzi;
• amapayipi omoya;
• ama-dampers;
• umlandeli.

Irediyetha yokushisisa itholakala ngemuva kwedeshibhodi. Idivayisi ixhunywe kumashubhu amabili adlulisa okokupholisa ngaphakathi. Ukujikeleza kwayo ngezinhlelo zokupholisa imoto kanye nokushisa kwendawo yabagibeli kunikezwa iphampu.

Lapho nje injini ishisa, i-antifreeze ibamba ukushisa okuvela kuyo. Khona-ke uketshezi olushisayo lungena kurediyetha yesitofu, luwushisise njengebhethri. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ifenisha ye-heater ishaya umoya obandayo. Ukushintshanisa ukushisa kwenzeka ohlelweni futhi: umoya oshisayo udlulela phambili endaweni yabagibeli, futhi izixuku ezibandayo zipholisa irediyetha kanye ne-antifreeze. Bese isipholile sigeleza sibuyele enjinini futhi umjikelezo uyaphindwa futhi.

Ekamelweni labagibeli, umshayeli ulawula isiqondiso sokugeleza okushisayo ngokushintsha ama-flaps. Ukushisa kungaqondiswa ebusweni noma emilenzeni yomshayeli, kanye ne-windshield yemoto.

Uma uvula isitofu ngenjini ebandayo, lokhu kuzoholela ekupholiseni okwengeziwe kwesistimu. Futhi, umswakama ekamelweni uzokwanda, amafasitela azoqala ukubola. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuvula i-heater kuphela ngemva kokuba i-coolant ishisa okungenani ama-degree angu-50.

Ukujikeleza kabusha komoya

Isistimu yomoya yemoto ingathatha umoya hhayi kuphela emgwaqweni, kodwa futhi kusukela ngaphakathi emotweni. Izindimbane zomoya zibe sezipholiswa yi-air conditioner bese zibuyiselwa endaweni yabagibeli ngamapayipi omoya. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi i-air recirculation.

Ukujikeleza kabusha kungenziwa kusebenze kusetshenziswa inkinobho noma iswishi etholakala kudeshibhodi yemoto.

Imodi yomoya ejikeleziswa kabusha ikuvumela ukuthi wehlise izinga lokushisa endaweni yabagibeli ngokushesha kunalapho uthatha umoya usuka emgwaqeni. Umoya wangaphakathi udlula eyunithi yokupholisa ngokuphindaphindiwe, upholisa kakhulu isikhathi ngasinye. Isimiso esifanayo singasetshenziswa ukufudumala imoto.

Ukujikeleza kabusha kubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abazwela uthuli lomgwaqo, impova nezinye izinto ezingezwani nazo ngaphandle. Futhi, ukuvala ukunikezwa komoya emgwaqweni kungase kudingeke uma iloli elidala noma enye imoto ishayela phambi kwakho, okuphuma kuyo iphunga elibi.

Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi ukujikeleza kabusha akufaki ngokuphelele ukushintshaniswa komoya nemvelo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umshayeli nabagibeli kufanele baphefumule umoya omncane. Ngakho-ke, akunconywa ukusebenzisa le modi isikhathi eside. Ochwepheshe bayeluleka ukuba uzibeke esikhawulweni semizuzu engu-15. Ngemuva kwalokho, udinga ukuxhuma umoya ovela ngaphandle, noma uvule amafasitela emotweni.

Ukuphathwa kwesimo sezulu kusebenza kanjani

Umshayeli angakwazi ukulawula ukushisisa noma ukupholisa komoya endaweni yabagibeli ngokubeka amamodi mathupha, axhumanise i-air conditioner. Ezimotweni eziningi zesimanje, uhlelo lokulawula isimo sezulu lugcina izinga lokushisa elibekiwe ngaphakathi emotweni. Lolu cingo luhlanganisa i-air conditioner, i-heater block kanye nesistimu yokuphakela umoya oshisayo noma opholile. Ukulawulwa kwesimo sezulu kulawulwa izinzwa ezifakwe kukhabethe nasezicini ngazinye zohlelo.

Isibonelo, iyunithi ye-air conditioning elula ifakwe isethi encane yezinzwa, ezihlanganisa:

• inzwa enquma izinga lokushisa lomoya ngaphandle;
• inzwa yemisebe yelanga ebona umsebenzi wemisebe;
• izinzwa zokushisa zangaphakathi.

I-heater, umoya omncane kanye ne-air conditioning system ingenye yezinto ezibalulekile eziqinisekisa ukunethezeka komshayeli nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Ezimotweni eziningi zebhajethi, iyunithi ye-HVAC imelelwa kuphela uhlelo lokufudumeza nokungenisa umoya. Ezimotweni eziningi, i-air conditioning yengezwa kule nombolo. Okokugcina, amamodeli anamuhla afakwe uhlelo lokulawula isimo sezulu olulawula ngokuzenzakalelayo izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kwendlu.