Inhloso nomgomo wokusebenza kwe fan yokupholisa

Njengoba ukusebenza kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi kuhlotshaniswa hhayi kuphela nemithwalo ephezulu yemishini, kepha futhi namazinga okushisa aphezulu kakhulu. Ngokusekela ukushisa okusebenzayo iyunithi yamandla kagesi, ukuze ingahluleki ngenxa yemithwalo esindayo, ukuguqulwa ngakunye kunesistimu yokupholisa. Kukhona ukupholisa komoya noketshezi. Imininingwane mayelana nedivayisi yokupholisa imoto ichaziwe kokunye ukubuyekeza.

Ukususa ukushisa okweqile enjinini, kune-radiator ezinhlelweni zokupholisa uketshezi, futhi kwezinye izinhlobo zezimoto akuyona yodwa. Kufakwa ifeni eduze kwalesi sici. Cabanga inhloso yale ngxenye, isebenza kumuphi umgomo, ukuthi isebenza kanjani, nokuthi kufanele wenzeni uma lo mshini uhluleka endleleni.

Uyini umlandeli werediyetha yemoto

Lapho imoto isebenza, ikhiqiza ukushisa okuningi. I-cylinder block yenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi uqobo yakhelwe ngendlela yokuthi kube khona umgodi ezindongeni zayo, ogcwele isipholisi (ijakhethi yokupholisa). Uhlelo lokupholisa lubandakanya ipompo lamanzi eligijima ngenkathi i-crankshaft ijikeleza. Ixhunywe ku-crankshaft ngebhande lesikhathi (funda kabanzi ngalo ngokwehlukana). Lo mshini udala ukujikeleza koketshezi olusebenzayo ohlelweni, ngenxa yalokho kususa ukushisa ezindongeni zenjini.

I-antifreeze eshisayo noma i-antifreeze isuka enjini iye ku-radiator. Le nto ibukeka njengesishintshisi sokushisa esinenqwaba yamashubhu amancane namaphiko okupholisa ukukhulisa indawo yokuxhumana. Imininingwane eminingi mayelana nedivayisi, izinhlobo kanye nenqubo yokusebenza kwama-radiator iyachazwa lapha.

Irediyetha ilusizo kuphela lapho imoto ihamba. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukugeleza okuzayo komoya opholile kushaya phezu kobuso berediyetha, ngenxa yalokho ukushintshana kokushisa kwenzeka. Vele, ukusebenza kwayo kahle kuncike ekushiseni okukhona, kepha ngenkathi ushayela, lokhu kugeleza kusabanda kakhulu kune-injini yokupholisa.

Umgomo wokusebenza kokupholisa ngasikhathi sinye ububi bawo - ukupholisa okuphezulu kungenzeka kuphela lapho umshini unyakaza (umoya obandayo kufanele ungene esikhungweni sokushisa). Ezimweni zasemadolobheni, akunakwenzeka ukuqinisekisa inqubo eqhubekayo ngenxa yamarobhothi kanye neziminyaminya ezivamile ezindaweni zasedolobheni. Okuwukuphela kwesixazululo sale nkinga ukudala umjovo womoya ophoqelelwe ebusweni berediyetha. Lokhu yikho kanye okwenziwa ngumlandeli.

Lapho izinga lokushisa kwenjini likhuphuka, izinzwa ziyasuswa bese kushiswa umshini wokushisa. Ngokuqondile, ama-blade ayalungiswa ukuze ukugeleza komoya kunganikezelwanga ngokumelene nokuhamba kwawo, kepha kuyangena. Ngenxa yalokhu, le divayisi iyakwazi ukukhuphula ukuhamba komoya kwe-radiator noma ngabe imoto ihamba, futhi lapho imoto imile, umoya omusha ungena egumbini lenjini, futhi nemvelo eshisayo eseduze nenjini ayibandakanyeki.

Ezimotweni ezindala, i-fan ibinamathiselwe ngokuqinile ku-crankshaft, ukuze ikwazi ukuhamba unomphela. Uma ehlobo inqubo enjalo izuzisa kuphela iyunithi yamandla, ebusika, ukupholisa ngokweqile kwemoto akukuhle. Lesi sici sokusebenza njalo kwensiza sikhuthaze onjiniyela ukuthi bakhe i-analogue ezosebenza kuphela lapho kudingeka.

Idivayisi yabalandeli nezinhlobo

Ngaphandle kokubaluleka okukhulu kohlelo lokupholisa, le ndlela inedivayisi elula. Akunandaba nokuguqulwa, ukwakhiwa kwabalandeli kuzoba nezinto ezintathu:

• I-casing, eyisisekelo somshini, ifakwe ku-radiator uqobo. Okucacile kwalesi sici ukuthi ukwakheka kwayo kuphoqa ukuthi ukugeleza komoya kusebenze kuphela ohlangothini olulodwa - hhayi ukusabalalisa lapho kuthintana nomshini wokushisa, kepha kudlule kuwo. Lo mklamo wesitokisi uvumela ukupholisa okuphumelelayo kwe-radiator;
• Impellers. I-blade ngayinye isuswe kancane uma kuqhathaniswa ne-eksisi, njenganoma imuphi umlandeli, kepha ukuze kuthi lapho ijikeleza, kufakwe umoya ngomshini wokushisa. Imvamisa le element iqukethe izindwani ezi-4 noma ngaphezulu;
• Shayela.

Ngokuya ngemodeli yedivayisi, idrayivu ingaba yohlobo oluhlukile. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko:

• Imishini;
• I-Hydromechanical;
• Ezikagesi.

Ake sicabangele ukuguqulwa ngakunye ngokwehlukana.

Ukushayela ngomshini

I-mechanical drive ine-design elula. Eqinisweni, lolu hlobo lwabalandeli luxhunywe unomphela. Ngokuya ngezici zemoto, ingaxhunyaniswa ne-crankshaft ngokusebenzisa i-pulley noma ngebhande lesikhathi. Ukuqala imoto ngokushesha kuholela ekusebenzeni kwe-impeller, ukushaywa okuqhubekayo kwesisetshenziswa sokushisa neyunithi yamandla kuyenziwa.

Okubi kwalolu hlobo lwabalandeli ukuthi kupholisa i-heatsink noma kungadingeki. Isibonelo, lapho ufudumeza injini ebandayo, kubalulekile ukuthi iyunithi lifinyelele ekushiseni okusebenzayo, futhi ebusika lokhu kuthatha isikhathi eside ngenxa yoketshezi olubanda kakhulu. Noma ikuphi ukungasebenzi kahle komshini onjalo kungathinta kakhulu ukusebenza kwunithi yamandla, ngoba ingxenye ye-torque nayo isetshenziswa entweni ejikelezayo yefeni.

Futhi, leli lungiselelo alivumeli ukukhuphula ijubane lokushintshana kwama-blades ngokuhlukile ekusebenzeni kwemoto. Ngenxa yalezi zizathu, lokhu kuguqulwa akusetshenziswa ezimotweni zesimanje.

Idrayivu ye-Hydromechanical

Idrayivu ye-hydromechanical inguqulo esezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu, esebenza futhi kwiyunithi yamandla. Kuphela ekwakhiweni kwayo kunezici eziningi ezingeziwe. Ku-fan enjalo, i-clutch ekhethekile isetshenziswa, enohlobo lwe-viscous noma lwe-hydraulic. Ngaphandle komehluko, banenqubo efanayo yokusebenza. Kuhlobo lwe-hydraulic, ukujikeleza kwe-impeller kuncike enanini lamafutha angena kulo.

I-viscous clutch iqinisekisa ukuthi umlandeli uqala futhi ame ngokushintsha izinga lokushisa le-silicone filler (eshintsha ubukhulu bayo). Njengoba izindlela ezinjalo zinomklamo oyinkimbinkimbi, futhi ukuhamba kwama-blade kuncike kuketshezi olusebenzayo, zona, njenge-analogue yemishini, nazo azivamile ukusetshenziswa emishini yanamuhla.

Ukushayela ngogesi

Idrayivu kagesi inokwethenjelwa kakhulu futhi ngasikhathi sinye inketho elula kunazo zonke, esetshenziswa kuzo zonke izimoto zesimanje. Ekuklanyeni komlandeli onjalo, kunemoto kagesi eqhuba impeller. Lolu hlobo lwe-drive lunendlela yokusebenza kagesi noma kagesi. Ukuguqulwa kwesibili kuvame kakhulu emalolini. Bamba kagesi kunesakhiwo esilandelayo.

I-electromagnet igxunyekwe kwihabhu, exhunywe engalweni yemoto kagesi ngentwasahlobo yamaqabunga, futhi iyakwazi ukuzungeza. Esimweni sokuthula, i-electromagnet ayisebenzi. Kepha lapho nje isipholisi sifinyelela cishe kuma-degree angama-80-85, inzwa yokushisa ivala oxhumana nabo bakazibuthe. Idala amandla kazibuthe, ngenxa yokuthi iheha isibhamu semoto kagesi. Lesi sici singena kwikhoyili futhi ukujikeleza kwama-blade kuyasebenza. Kepha ngenxa yobulukhuni bomklamo, uhlelo olunjalo alusetshenziswa ezimotweni ezilula.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-elekthronikhi kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuhlinzeka ngezindlela eziningi zokusebenza zedivayisi, ngokuya ngamazinga okushisa kwesipholisi kanye nejubane le-crankshaft. Okuhlukile kokushayela okunjalo ukuthi kungavulwa ngaphandle kokusebenza kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi. Isibonelo, ngenkathi injini ifudumala, i-fan ayisebenzi, futhi lapho i-coolant ifinyelela izinga layo lokushisa eliphakeme, impeller iqala ukuzungeza.

Ukuze uhlinzeke ngohlelo lokupholisa ngokugeleza komoya okwengeziwe, kulokhu okwanele, kwanele ukugoqa ifeni endaweni efanele bese uyixhuma kwihhanisi lezintambo zemoto. Njengoba ukuguqulwa okunjalo kusetshenziswa ezimotweni zesimanje, ngokuqhubekayo sizocubungula umgomo wokusebenza kwalolu hlobo lwabalandeli.

Isimiso sokusebenza kwe fan yokupholisa injini

Ukwenza i-fan isebenze lapho kudingeka, ixhunywe kolunye uhlelo oluqapha indawo okusebenza kuyo. Idivayisi yayo, ngokuya ngokuguqulwa, ifaka i-coolant sensor sensor kanye ne-relay fan. Lesi sifunda sikagesi sixhunywe kwi-fan motor.

Isistimu elula enjalo isebenza kanjena. Inzwa efakwe endaweni yokungenisa i-radiator iqopha izinga lokushisa lokupholisa. Lapho nje ikhuphukela enanini elifanele, le divayisi ithumela isignali kagesi edlulisweni. Okwamanje, oxhumana naye kagesi uyasuswa futhi imoto kagesi ivuliwe. Lapho izinga lokushisa emgqeni lehla, isignali evela enzwa iyeka ukuza, bese oxhumana naye odluliswayo evula - impeller iyeka ukujikeleza.

Kuzinhlelo ezithuthuke kakhulu, kufakwa izinzwa ezimbili zokushisa. Elinye limi endaweni yokupholisa eya ku-radiator, kanti enye iphuma esitolo. Kulokhu, i-fan ivulwa yiyunithi yokulawula uqobo, enquma lesi sikhathi ngomehluko wezinkomba phakathi kwalezi zinzwa. Ngaphezu kwale pharamitha, i-microprocessor ibheka amandla okucindezela i-pedal gas (noma ukuvula binda), isivinini senjini nokufundwa kwamanye amasensa.

Ezinye izimoto zisebenzisa abalandeli ababili ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza kohlelo lokupholisa. Ukuba khona kwento eyengeziwe ejikelezayo kuvumela ukupholisa okusheshayo kokushisa ngenxa yokugeleza okukhulu komoya opholile. Ukulawulwa kohlelo olunjalo kwenziwa futhi yiyunithi yokulawula. Kulokhu, ama-algorithm amaningi aqalwa ku-microprocessor. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-elektroniki ayikwazi ukushintsha kuphela ijubane lokuzungeza ama-blade, kepha futhi icisha omunye wabalandeli noma bobabili.

Futhi, izimoto eziningi zinohlelo lapho umlandeli eqhubeka nokusebenza khona isikhashana ngemuva kokuthi injini icishiwe. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze ngemuva kokusebenza kanzima imoto eshisayo iyaqhubeka nokupholisa isikhashana. Lapho injini icishiwe, isipholisi siyeka ukujikeleza ngohlelo, ngenxa yokuthi izinga lokushisa elikuleyunithi likhuphuka kakhulu, futhi ukushintshaniswa kokushisa akwenziwa.

Lokhu kwenzeka ngokungavamile kakhulu, kodwa uma injini isebenza ngokushisa okuphezulu futhi yavalwa, i-antifreeze ingaqala ukubilisa futhi yakhe indawo yokukhiya umoya. Ukugwema lo mthwalo kweminye imishini, umlandeli uyaqhubeka nokushaya umoya ku-cylinder block. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi yi-fan free run.

Ukungasebenzi kahle okuyinhloko kwesiphepheli serediyetha

Ngaphandle kokuklanywa okulula nokuthembeka okuphezulu, abalandeli bokupholisa nabo bayahluleka, njenganoma iyiphi enye indlela emotweni. Kungaba nezizathu eziningi ezahlukahlukene zalokhu. Ake sicabangele ukuphuka okuvame kakhulu nokuthi singakulungisa kanjani.

Esikhathini esiningi, abashayeli babhekana nalezi zinkinga ezilandelayo:

• Lapho injini isebenza (imoto imile isikhathi eside), ukuqhuma okuphoqelela kwesishintshisi sokushisa akuvuli;
• Umlandeli usebenza emazingeni okushisa aphezulu;
• Umoya ushayelwa ku-radiator ngokuqhubekayo;
• Amabhande aqala ukuzungeza ngaphambi kwesikhathi lapho isipholisi sifinyelela ekushiseni okudingekayo;
• Umlandeli uvuleka kaningi, kepha isibani esishisa kakhulu semoto asisebenzi. Kulokhu, kufanele uhlole ukuthi amangqamuzana erediyetha angcole kangakanani, ngoba umoya akufanele uvele ugelezele ebusweni bendawo yokushisa, kodwa udlule kuwo;
• Lapho ukugeleza komoya kwe-radiator kuvuliwe, ukugeleza akungeni egumbini lenjini, kepha kufakwa kolunye uhlangothi. Isizathu salo msebenzi yi-pinout engafanele yezintambo (udinga ukushintshanisa izingongolo zemoto kagesi);
• Ukwephuka noma ukusonteka kwensimbi. Ngaphambi kokushintsha impeller iye entsha, kubalulekile ukuthola imbangela yokuwohloka okunjalo. Kwesinye isikhathi lokhu kungenzeka ngokufakwa noma ukufakwa kwefeni engahloselwe le modeli yemoto. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukuphuka kwamakhasi kungumphumela wokuguga kwemvelo kokuqukethwe.

Yize zonke lezi "zimpawu" zingathandeki ekusebenzeni kahle kweyunithi yamandla kagesi, kubi kakhulu uma umlandeli engakhanyisi nakancane. Lokhu kunjalo, ngoba kulokhu kuqinisekiswa ukushisa kwemoto. Uma uqhubeka nokuyisebenzisa emazingeni okushisa aphakeme, izokwehluleka ngokushesha.

Uma i-fan isebenza ezingeni lokushisa elidlula ama-degree angama-80-85 (kaningi lokhu kwenzeka ngemuva kokufaka inzwa yokushisa), kufanele uhlole ukuthi inzwa yokushisa epholile ikhethwe kahle yini. Kukhona ukuguqulwa kwezimoto ezisebenza ezindaweni ezisenyakatho. Kulokhu, idivayisi isethwe ukuthi isebenze emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.

I-thermostat enephutha nayo ingadala ukushisa ngokweqile. Imininingwane emayelana nale divayisi iyatshela lapha... Kulokhu, uhlangothi olulodwa lohlelo lokupholisa luzoshisa ngokweqile kanti olunye lubande.

Isizathu sokonakala kohlelo lokupholisa oluphoqelelwe (olungahlobene ne-thermostat) kungaba ukwehluleka kwesinye sezinzwa (uma zikhona eziningana) zamazinga okushisa apholile, ukonakala kwenjini yemoto, noma ukulahleka kothintana naye isekethe kagesi (ngokwesibonelo, umgogodla wocingo uyawohloka, ukwahlukanisa kulimele noma ukuthintana nakho kuxutshwe) Okokuqala, udinga ukwenza ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo kwe-wiring noxhumana nabo.

Ngokwehlukana, kufanelekile ukukhuluma ngenkinga engapheli yomlandeli osebenzayo onenjini ebandayo. Le nkinga ijwayelekile ezimotweni ezifakwe umoya ongenisa ngaphakathi.

Imininingwane ngaye ichazwe kule vidiyo:

UFANI OGIJIMA KU-COLD ENGINE. OKUFANELE NGIKWENZE. Yonke imishini ene-AIR CONDITIONING.

Futhi, uhlelo lungahlolwa ngezindlela ezilandelayo:

1. "Faka iringi" ezintanjeni usebenzisa umhloli, i-multimeter noma "ukulawula";
2. Imoto kagesi ingahlolwa ukuthi ayisebenzi yini ngokuyixhuma ngqo ebhetri. Kulokhu, kubalulekile ukugcina ubumbano. Uma injini isebenza, khona-ke inkinga isezintanjeni, ukuthintana okungalungile, noma inzwa yokushisa;
3. Ukusebenza kwenzwa kuhlolwe ngokuvala izintambo zayo. Uma i-fan ivula ngasikhathi sinye, inzwa yokushisa idinga ukushintshwa.

Kuyafaneleka ukucabangela ukuthi ezinhlotsheni eziningi zakamuva zezimoto ukuxilongwa okunjalo akutholakali ngenxa yokuthi izintambo kuzo zingafihlwa kahle, futhi akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi ukufika enzwa. Kepha uma kunenkinga nge-fan noma enye yezingxenye zohlelo, iyunithi yokulawula elektroniki izokhiqiza ngokushesha iphutha. Ezimweni eziningi, isithonjana senjini sizokhanyisa kuphaneli yensimbi. Ezinye izinhlelo zebhodi zivumela ukuzihlola okujwayelekile. Ungayibiza kanjani imenyu ehambisanayo esikrinini sekhompyutha ebhodini, funda lapha... Ngaphandle kwalokho, udinga ukuya ekuhlolweni kwekhompyutha.

Ngokuqondene nokusebenza kokuqala kwe-fan, lokhu kuvame ukuba uphawu lwenzwa yokushisa epholile engalungile. Yize wonke umakhenikha wezimoto engakwazi ukubhalisela lesi siphetho, uma injini ifinyelela izinga lokushisa lokusebenza, akufanele ukhathazeke ngokuthi isistimu ivula ngaphambi kwesikhathi kunesidingo. Ukushisa ngokweqile kubi kakhulu kunjini yomlilo yangaphakathi. Kodwa uma kubalulekile kumshayeli ukuthi imoto ihlangabezane namazinga ezemvelo, khona-ke le nkinga idinga ukuxazululwa, ngoba enjinini ebandayo inhlanganisela kaphethiloli womoya ayishisi kahle. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kuzothinta kabi i-catalyst (yokuthi kungani uyidinga emotweni, funda lapha).

Uma i-fan motor isebenza njalo, lokhu kuyisibonakaliso senzwa ehlulekile, kepha kaningi lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yo "xhumane" othintana nabo edlulisweni (noma ikhoyili yento ye-electromagnetic ishile, uma lokhu kuguqulwa kusetshenziswa emshinini ). Uma i-thermostat iphuka, imvamisa irediyetha izobanda futhi i-fan ngeke isebenze, noma kushisa elibucayi lezimoto. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho i-thermostat ibhajwe endaweni evaliwe. Uma ivinjelwe endaweni evulekile, khona-ke injini yokubanda yangaphakathi ebandayo izothatha isikhathi eside ukufinyelela izinga lokushisa lokusebenza (i-coolant ngokushesha ijikeleza kumbuthano omkhulu, futhi injini ayishisi).

Yini okufanele uyenze uma umlandeli ehluleka ngenkathi esohambweni?

Akuvamile ukuthi ifeni lokupholisa liphule endaweni ethile emgwaqweni. Uma iyeka ukusebenza, kwimodi yedolobha i-antifreeze ngokuqinisekile izobila. Nanka amaqhinga ambalwa angasiza kuleli cala:

• Okokuqala, uma ukuwohloka kwenzeka emgwaqeni omkhulu, khona-ke kwimodi yejubane eliphezulu kulula ukuletha ukugeleza komoya esikhumulweni sokushisa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kwanele ukuhamba ngesivinini esingezansi kune-60 km / h. Kulokhu, umoya opholile ngobuningi uzogobhozela ku-radiator. Ngokuyinhloko, umlandeli akavamile ukuvula kule modi, ngakho-ke uhlelo luzosebenza ngokujwayelekile.
• Okwesibili, uhlelo lokushisa lwegumbi lomgibeli lisebenzisa amandla okushisa wesistimu yokupholisa, ngakho-ke, kwimodi ephuthumayo, ungavula ukushisa ukuze kusebenze i-radiator heater. Vele, ehlobo, ukushayela nokushisa kwangaphakathi okuvuliwe kuseseyinjabulo, kepha injini ngeke ihluleke.
• Okwesithathu, ungahambisa ngama- "dashes" amafushane. Ngaphambi kokuthi umcibisholo wokushisa opholile ufinyelele inani lawo eliphakeme, siyama, sicishe injini, sivule i-hood bese silinda size sipholise kancane. Akunasimo, phakathi nale nqubo, unganiseli iyunithi ngamanzi abandayo, ukuze ungatholi ukuqhekeka kubhlokhi noma ekhanda. Vele, kule modi, uhambo luzobambezeleka kakhulu, kepha imoto izobe ihambile.

Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kokwenza izinqubo ezinjalo, kufanele ubheke ukuthi kungani ifeni ingavuli. Uma inkinga iku-wiring noma inzwa, khona-ke ukonga isikhathi, ungaxhuma imoto kagesi ngqo ebhetri. Ungakhathazeki ngokuphelelwa yibhethri. Uma i-generator isebenza kahle, khona-ke ngenkathi injini yomlilo yangaphakathi isebenza, uhlelo olusebhodini lunikwa amandla yiyo. Funda kabanzi mayelana nokusebenza kwe-generator. ngokwehlukana.

Yize ezimotweni eziningi ungashintsha i-air blower ngokwakho, uma imoto isengaphansi kwewaranti, kungcono ukusebenzisa izinsizakalo zesikhungo sesevisi.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Lithini igama lefeni enjinini? I-radiator fan ibizwa nangokuthi i-cooler. Ezinye izimoto zifakwe i-double cooler (abalandeli ababili abazimele).

Ifeni yemoto kufanele ivule nini? Ivamise ukuvuleka uma imoto imile isikhathi eside noma ijamu. I-cooler ivula lapho izinga lokushisa elipholile lidlula inkomba yokusebenza.

Isebenza kanjani i-fan yemoto? Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, injini ithola izinga lokushisa. Ukuyivimbela ekushiseni ngokweqile, inzwa iyaqalwa, eyenza idrayivu yabalandeli isebenze. Kuye ngemodeli yemoto, fan isebenza ngezindlela ezahlukene.

I-fan iyipholisa kanjani injini? Lapho i-cooler ivuliwe, izindwani zayo zimunca umoya opholile ngokusebenzisa isishintshi sokushisa noma ziyipompa kurediyetha. Lokhu kusheshisa inqubo yokudlulisa ukushisa futhi i-antifreeze ipholile.