Idivayisi nenqubo yokusebenza kohlelo lwe-CVVT

Noma iyiphi i-4-stroke injini yangaphakathi yomlilo ifakwe indlela yokusabalalisa igesi. Ukuthi isebenza kanjani isivele ikhona ukubuyekeza okuhlukile... Ngamafuphi, le ndlela ibandakanyekile ekunqumeni ukulandelana kokudutshulwa kwamasilinda (ngasiphi isikhathi nokuthi isikhathi esingakanani ukuletha inhlanganisela kaphethiloli nomoya kumasilinda).

Isikhathi sisebenzisa ama-camshafts, ukwakheka kwamakhamera awo ahlala engaguquki. Le pharamitha ibalwa efektri ngonjiniyela. Ithinta umzuzu lapho kuvuleka khona i-valve ehambisanayo. Le nqubo ayithinteki yinani lezinguquko zenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi, noma umthwalo okuyo, noma ukwakheka kwe-MTC. Ngokuya ngokwakhiwa kwale ngxenye, isikhathi se-valve singasethwa kumodi yokushayela yezemidlalo (lapho ama-valve wokudla / wokukhipha evulekele ebangeni elihlukile futhi enesikhathi esihlukile esisezingeni elijwayelekile) noma elinganiswa. Funda kabanzi mayelana nokulungiswa kwe-camshaft. lapha.

Isikhathi esikahle kakhulu sokwakheka kwenhlanganisela yomoya nophethiloli / igesi (ezinjinini zikadizili, i-VTS yakhiwa ngqo kwisilinda) ezinjinini ezinjalo kuxhomeke ekwakhiweni kwamakhamu. Futhi lokhu kuyinkinga enkulu yezindlela ezinjalo. Ngesikhathi sokuhamba kwemoto, injini isebenza ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, ukwakheka kwenhlanganisela akuhlali kwenzeka kahle njalo. Lesi sici sama-motors sigqugquzele onjiniyela ukuthi bakhe ishifter yesigaba. Cabanga ukuthi hlobo luni lomshini we-CVVT, uyini umgomo wawo wokusebenza, ukwakheka kwawo, kanye nokungasebenzi kahle okuvamile.

Yini izinjini ezineCVVT clutch

Ngamafuphi, imoto efakwe umshini we-cvvt iyunithi yamandla lapho izigaba zesikhathi zishintsha ngokuya ngemithwalo yenjini nejubane le-crankshaft. Lolu hlelo lwaqala ukuthola ukuthandwa emuva kuma-90s. ikhulu leminyaka elidlule. Indlela yokusabalalisa igesi yenani elikhulayo lezinjini zangaphakathi zomlilo zathola enye idivaysi eyalungisa i-angle yesikhundla se-camshaft, futhi ngenxa yalokhu, ingahlinzeka ngokusalela / kusengaphambili ekwenzeni izigaba zokungenisa / zokukhipha.

Ukuthuthukiswa kokuqala kwalomshini kwahlolwa kumamodeli we-1983 Alfa Romeo. Ngemuva kwalokho, iningi labakhiqizi bezimoto abahola phambili bawamukele lo mbono. Ngamunye wabo wasebenzisa idrayivu ehlukile yesigaba shifter. Kungaba uhlobo lomshini, inguqulo eqhutshwa ngogesi, inguqulo elawulwa ngogesi, noma inguqulo yomoya.

Imvamisa, uhlelo lwe-cvvt lusetshenziswa ezinjinini zangaphakathi zomlilo ezivela emndenini we-DOHC (kuzo, indlela yokufaka isikhathi se-valve inama-camshafts amabili, ngalinye lawo lenzelwe iqembu lalo lama-valve - amasistimu wokudla noma wokuqeda). Ngokuya ngokushintshwa kwedrayivu, isigudluli sesigaba silungisa ukusebenza kweqembu le-valve lokudla noma lokukhipha kuphela, noma lawo womabili amaqembu.

Idivayisi yesistimu ye-CVVT

Ama-automaker asevele athuthukise ukuguqulwa okuningana kwama-shifters esigaba. Zihlukile ekuklanyeni nasekushayeleni.

Okuvame kakhulu izinketho ezisebenza kumgomo wendandatho ye-hydraulic eguqula izinga lokungezwani kweketanga lesikhathi (ukuthola eminye imininingwane ukuthi imaphi amamodeli ezimoto afakwe iketanga lesikhathi esikhundleni sebhande, funda lapha).

Uhlelo lwe-CVVT luhlinzeka ngokuqhubeka kwesikhathi okuguquguqukayo. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ikamelo lesilinda ligcwaliswe kahle ngengxenye entsha yenhlanganisela yomoya / kaphethiloli, ngaphandle kwesivinini se-crankshaft. Okunye ukuguqulwa kuklanyelwe ukusebenza kuphela kweqembu le-valve lokudla, kepha kukhona nezinketho ezithinta iqembu le-valve yokukhipha futhi.

Uhlobo lwe-hydraulic of phase shifters lunedivayisi elandelayo:

• Solenoid ukulawula valve;
• Isihlungi samafutha;
• I-Hydraulic clutch (noma i-actuator ethola isignali evela ku-ECU).

Ukuqinisekisa ukunemba okuphezulu kohlelo, into ngayinye efakiwe ekhanda lesilinda. Isihlungi siyadingeka ohlelweni, ngoba lo mshini usebenza ngenxa yengcindezi kawoyela. Kufanele ihlanzwe ngezikhathi ezithile noma ishintshwe njengengxenye yesondlo esijwayelekile.

1. umfutholuketshezi bamba; 2. Isilawuli valve; 3. Hlunga.

Bamba wokubacindezela ingafakwa hhayi kuphela eqenjini itheku valve, kodwa futhi esitolo. Esimweni sesibili, uhlelo lubizwa nge-DVVT (Dual). Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona izinzwa ezilandelayo:

• I-DPRV (ithwebula ukuguqulwa ngakunye kwe-camshaft / s, futhi idlulise umfutho ku-ECU);
• I-DPKV (iqopha ijubane le-crankshaft, iphinde idlulise imizwa ku-ECU). Idivayisi, ukuguqulwa okuhlukahlukene kanye nenqubo yokusebenza kwalesi senzwa kuchaziwe ngokwehlukana.

Ngokuya ngamasignali avela kulezi zinzwa, i-microprocessor inquma ukuthi ingcindezi kufanele ibe yimalini ukuze i-camshaft iguqule kancane i-engeli yayo yokujikeleza isuke endaweni ejwayelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umfutho uya valve solenoid, lapho uwoyela unikezwa coupling uketshezi. Okunye ukuguqulwa kwamasongo wokubacindezela kunempompo yawo kawoyela, elawula ukucindezela kulayini. Lokhu kuhlelwa kwezinhlelo ukulungiswa kwesigaba okushelelayo.

Njengenye indlela yohlelo okukhulunywe ngalo ngenhla, abanye abakhiqizi bezimoto bahlomisa amayunithi abo ezimoto ngokushintshwa okungabizi kwama-shifter wesigaba ngomklamo olula. Iqhutshwa nge-clutch elawulwa ngamanzi. Lokhu kuguqulwa kunedivayisi elandelayo:

• Bamba umfutholuketshezi;
• Inzwa yeHholo (funda ngomsebenzi wayo lapha). Ifakwe kuma-camshafts. Inombolo yabo incike kumodeli yohlelo;
• Izihlanganisi zamanzi zombili ama-camshafts;
• I-Rotor efakwe ku-clutch ngayinye;
• Abasabalalisi be-Electro-hydraulic ye-camshaft ngayinye.

Lokhu kuguqulwa kusebenza kanjena. I-phase shifter drive ibiyelwe endlini. Iqukethe ingxenye yangaphakathi, i-rotor ezungezayo, enamathiselwe ku-camshaft. Ingxenye yangaphandle iyajikeleza ngenxa yeketanga, futhi kwezinye izinhlobo zamayunithi - ibhande lesikhathi. Isici sokushayela sixhunywe ku-crankshaft. Kukhona umgodi ogcwele uwoyela phakathi kwalezi zingxenye.

Ukujikeleza kwe-Rotor kuqinisekiswa yingcindezi ohlelweni lokuthambisa. Ngenxa yalokhu, kukhona ukuqhubekela phambili noma ukusilela kokusabalalisa igesi. Akukho futha kawoyela ngamunye kulolu hlelo. Ukunikezwa kukawoyela kuhlinzekwa ngumshayeli omkhulu kawoyela. Lapho isivinini senjini siphansi, ingcindezi ohlelweni iba ncane, ngakho-ke ama-valve wokudla avulwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukukhishwa futhi kwenzeka ngemuva kwesikhathi. Njengoba ijubane likhuphuka, ingcindezi ohlelweni lokuthambisa iyanda, futhi i-Rotor iphenduka kancane, ngenxa yalokho ukukhululwa kwenzeka ngaphambili (kwakhiwa ukuhlangana kwe-valve). Ukushaywa unyawo nakho kuqala ngaphambi kokungenzi lutho, lapho ingcindezi yohlelo ibuthaka.

Lapho injini iqalisiwe, nakwezinye izinhlobo zezimoto ngesikhathi lapho injini yomlilo yangaphakathi idlingayo, i-Rotor ye-fluid coupling iyavalwa futhi ine-coupling eqinile ne-camshaft. Ukuze kuthi ngesikhathi sokuqalisa iyunithi yamandla kagesi, amasilinda agcwaliswe kahle ngangokunokwenzeka, imiphongolo yesikhathi ibekwa kumodi yejubane eliphansi yenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi. Lapho inani lezinguquko ze-crankshaft landa, i-shifter yesigaba iqala ukusebenza, ngenxa yokuthi isigaba sawo wonke amasilinda silungiswa ngasikhathi sinye.

Ekuguqulweni okuningi kokuhlanganiswa kwe-hydraulic, i-rotor ikhiyiwe ngenxa yokungabikho kukawoyela emgodini osebenzayo. Lapho nje uwoyela ungena phakathi kwezingxenye, ngaphansi kwengcindezi ziyaxhunyaniswa. Kukhona izinjini lapho kufakwa khona i-plunger pair exhuma / ihlukanise lezi zingxenye, ivimbe i-Rotor.

Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-CVVT

Ekuklanyeni kwe-cvvt fluid coupling, noma isigaba shifter, kukhona igiya elinamazinyo abukhali, agxile emzimbeni womshini. Ibhande lesikhathi (iketanga) lifakwa kulo. Ngaphakathi kwalomshini, igiya lixhunywe kwi-rotor ehlanganiswe ngokuqinile kushaft yendlela yokusabalalisa igesi. Kukhona izimbotshana phakathi kwalezi zinto, ezigcwala uwoyela ngenkathi iyunithi isebenza. Kusukela ingcindezi igrisi emgqeni izakhi kunqanyuliwe, futhi ukufuduka kancane engela ukujikeleza camshaft.

Idivayisi bamba siqukethe:

• Rotor;
• Stator;
• Iphini yokukhiya.

Ingxenye yesithathu iyadingeka ukuze ishifter yesigaba ivumele imoto ukuthi ingene kwimodi ephuthumayo uma kunesidingo. Lokhu kwenzeka, isibonelo, lapho ingcindezi kawoyela yehla kakhulu. Kuleli qophelo, iphini lihamba lingene emgodini we-drive sprocket ne-Rotor. Lo mgodi uhambelana nendawo ephakathi nendawo ye-camshaft. Kule modi, ukusebenza kahle kokwakhiwa kwengxube kuzobonwa kuphela ngejubane eliphakathi.

Isebenza kanjani iVVT Control Valve Solenoid

Kuhlelo lwe-cvvt, i-valve ye-solenoid iyadingeka ukuze kulawulwe ingcindezi yesithambisi esingena emgodini osebenzayo weshifter yesigaba. Umshini une:

• I-Plunger;
• Isixhumi;
• Intwasahlobo;
• Ezezindlu;
• Valve;
• Ukuhanjiswa kukawoyela neziteshi zokuhambisa amanzi;
• Ukubamba.

Ngokuyinhloko, iyipayipi le-solenoid. Ilawulwa yi-microprocessor yohlelo lwemoto ebhodini. Imfutho itholwa ivela ku-ECU, lapho kuvela khona i-electromagnet. I-spool sihamba nge-plunger. Ukuqondiswa kokugeleza kukawoyela (kudlula esiteshini esihambelanayo) kunqunywa isikhundla se-spool.

Ukuthi isebenza kanjani

Ukuze siqonde ukuthi kuyini ukusebenza kweshifter yesigaba, sizobhekana nenqubo yesikhathi se-valve uqobo, lapho imodi yokusebenza yemoto ishintsha. Uma siwahlukanisa ngokwemibandela, khona-ke kuzoba nezindlela ezinhlanu ezinjalo:

1. Idling uyajika. Kule modi, idrayivu yesikhathi nemishini ye-crank inezinguquko ezincane. Ukuvimbela inani elikhulu lamagesi okukhipha ukungena emgodini wokungenisa, kuyadingeka ukuthi ushintshe i-angle yokulibaziseka ubheke ekuvuleni kwamuva kwe-valve yokudla. Ngenxa yalokhu kulungiswa, injini izosebenza kahle, i-exhaust yayo izoba nobuthi obuncane, futhi iyunithi ngeke idle uphethiloli omningi kakhulu kunalokho obekufanele ukwenze.
2. Imithwalo emincane. Kule modi, ukugqagqana kwe-valve kuncane. Umphumela uyefana: ohlelweni lokungenisa (funda kabanzi ngalo lapha), inani eliphansi lamagesi okukhipha lingena, futhi ukusebenza kwenjini kuzinzile.
3. Imithwalo emaphakathi. Ukuze iyunithi isebenze kahle kule modi, kuyadingeka ukuthi inikeze ukugqagqana okukhulu kwe-valve. Lokhu kuzonciphisa ukulahleka kokupompa. Lokhu kulungiswa kuvumela amagesi amaningi okukhipha ukuthi angene endaweni yokungenisa. Lokhu kuyadingeka ngenani elincane lokushisa kwamaphakathi ku-cylinder (umoya-mpilo omncane ekubunjweni kwe-VTS). Ngendlela, ngale njongo, iyunithi yamandla yesimanje ingafakelwa uhlelo lokuphindisela (funda kabanzi ngalo ngokwehlukana). Lokhu kunciphisa okuqukethwe kwama-nitrogenous oxides.
4. Imithwalo ephezulu ngejubane eliphansi. Ngalesi sikhathi, ama-valve wokudla kufanele avale ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Lokhu kwandisa inani le-torque. Ukugqagqana kwamaqembu e-valve kufanele kungabikho noma kube kuncane. Lokhu kuzovumela imoto ukuthi iphendule ngokucacile ekunyakazeni kwe-mpintsha. Lapho imoto ihamba ngokuhamba ngamandla, le nto ibaluleke kakhulu enjinini.
5. Imithwalo ephezulu ngejubane eliphezulu le-crankshaft. Kulokhu, amandla amakhulu enjini yomlilo yangaphakathi kufanele asuswe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kubalulekile ukuthi ukugqagqana kwe-valve kwenzeka eduze ne-TDC ye-piston. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi amandla aphakeme adinga i-BTC eningi ngangokunokwenzeka esikhathini esifushane ngenkathi ama-valve wokudla evulekile.

Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi, i-camshaft kufanele inikeze inkomba ethile yokugqagqana kwe-valve (lapho ukuvuleka kokungena nokokungena kwesilinda sokusebenza kuvuliwe ngasikhathi sinye kuhlangothi lokudla). Kodwa-ke, ukuzinza kwenqubo yokushisa kwe-VTS, ukusebenza kahle kokugcwalisa amasilinda, ukusetshenziswa kahle kukaphethiloli kanye nokukhishwa okuyingozi okuncane, kuyadingeka ukuthi le pharamitha akufanele ibe yisezingeni, kepha iguqulwe. Ngakho-ke kumodi ye-XX, ukugqagqana kwe-valve akudingeki, ngoba kulokhu inani elithile likaphethiloli lizongena ephepheni lokukhipha lingashiswanga, lapho i-catalyst izohlupheka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi (kuchazwa ngokuningiliziwe lapha).

Kepha ngokwanda kwejubane, inqubo yokushisa yomxube we-air-fuel ibonwa ukukhuphula izinga lokushisa ku-cylinder (umoya-mpilo omningi emgodini). Ukuze lo mphumela ungaholeli ekuqhumeni kwemoto, ivolumu ye-VTS kufanele ihlale injalo, kepha inani le-oxygen kufanele lehle kancane. Ngalokhu, uhlelo luvumela ama-valve womabili amaqembu ukuthi ahlale evulekile isikhathi esithile, ukuze ingxenye yamagesi okukhipha igelezele ohlelweni lokungenisa.

Lokhu yikho kanye okwenziwa ngumlawuli wesigaba. Umshini we-CVVT usebenza ngezindlela ezimbili: ukuhola kanye nokusilela. Ake sicabangele ukuthi yini isici sabo.

Phambili

Njengoba ukwakhiwa kwe-clutch kuneziteshi ezimbili okuhanjiswa ngazo uwoyela, izindlela zincike ekutheni ungakanani uwoyela osemgodini ngamunye. Lapho injini iqala, iphampu kawoyela iqala ukwakha ingcindezi ohlelweni lokuthambisa. Into igeleza eziteshini iye ku-valve solenoid. Isikhundla se-damper blade silawulwa yimicabango evela ku-ECU.

Ukuze ushintshe i-engeli yokujikeleza kwe-camshaft lapho uya phambili kwesigaba, i-valve flap ivula ishaneli lapho uwoyela ungena khona ekamelweni lokuhlanganisa uketshezi, elibhekele kusengaphambili. Ngaso leso sikhathi, ukuqeda ukucindezela emuva, uwoyela ukhishwa egumbini lesibili.

I-Lag

Uma kunesidingo (khumbula ukuthi lokhu kunqunywa yi-microprocessor yohlelo lokugibela lwemoto olususelwa kuma-algorithm ahleliwe), vula ama-valve wokudla ngemuva kwesikhashana, inqubo efanayo iyenzeka. Ngalesi sikhathi kuphela, uwoyela ukhishwa egumbini lokuhola bese ufakwa egumbini lesibili lokuhlanganisa uketshezi ngemigudu eyenzelwe yona.

Esimweni sokuqala, i-Rotor ye-fluid coupling iphendukela ekuzungezeni kwe-crankshaft. Esimweni sesibili, isenzo senzeka lapho kujikelezwa khona i-crankshaft.

Umqondo we-CVVT

Okuhlukile kwesistimu ye-CVVT ukuqinisekisa ukugcwaliswa okusebenzayo kakhulu kwamasilinda ngengxenye entsha yenhlanganisela yamafutha omoya, kungakhathalekile ijubane le-crankshaft nomthwalo kwinjini yomlilo yangaphakathi. Njengoba kunokulungiswa okuningana kwalokhu kususwa kwesigaba, umqondo wokusebenza kwabo uzohluka ngandlela thile. Kodwa-ke, umthetho jikelele uhlala ungashintshiwe.

Yonke inqubo ihlukaniswe yaba izindlela ezintathu:

1. Imodi ye-Idling. Kulesi sigaba, i-elekthronikhi ibangela ukuthi ishifter yesigaba ijikeleze ukuze ama-valve wokudla avule ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukwenza imoto ihambe kahle kakhulu.
2. Isilinganiso se-RPM. Kule modi, i-camshaft kufanele ibe sesimweni esiphakathi. Lokhu kunikeza ukusetshenziswa okuphansi kukaphethiloli uma kuqhathaniswa nezinjini ezijwayelekile kule ndlela. Kulokhu, akukho kuphela ukubuya okuphumelela kakhulu kusuka kunjini yomlilo yangaphakathi, kepha futhi ukuphuma kwayo ngeke kube yingozi kangako.
3. Imodi yesivinini esiphezulu nesiphezulu. Kulokhu, amandla amakhulu weyunithi yamandla kufanele asuswe. Ukuqinisekisa lokhu, uhlelo luphazamisa i-camshaft maqondana nokuvulwa kwangaphambilini kwama-valve wokudla. Kule modi, ukungenisa kufanele kubangelwe ekuqaleni futhi kuhlale isikhathi eside, ukuze isikhathi esifushane kakhulu (kungenxa yesivinini esiphezulu se-crankshaft), amasilinda aqhubeka nokuthola ivolumu edingekayo ye-VTS.

Ukungasebenzi kahle okukhulu

Ukubala konke ukwehluleka okuhambisana neshifter yesigaba, kuyadingeka ukuthi ubheke ukuguqulwa okuthile kohlelo. Kodwa ngaphambi kokusho ukuthi ezinye zezimpawu zokwehluleka kwe-CVVT ziyefana nokunye ukungasebenzi kahle kweyunithi yamandla nezinhlelo ezihambisanayo, isibonelo, ukuthungela nokuhlinzekwa kukaphethiloli. Ngalesi sizathu, ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokulungiswa kweshifting yesigaba, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lezi zinhlelo zisebenza kahle.

Cabanga ngokungasebenzi kahle kohlelo lweCVVT.

Inzwa yesigaba

Kuzinhlelo ezishintsha isikhathi se-valve, kusetshenziswa izinzwa zesigaba. Izinzwa ezimbili ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zingenye ye-camshaft yokungenisa kanti enye eye-camshaft yokukhipha. Umsebenzi we-DF ukucacisa isikhundla se-camshafts kuzo zonke izindlela zokusebenza kwenjini. Hhayi kuphela ukuthi uhlelo lukaphethiloli luvumelaniswe nalezi zinzwa (i-ECU inquma ukuthi izofutha ngaphi iphethiloli), kepha futhi nokuthungela (umhambisi uthumela ukushaya ngamandla okukhulu ku-silinda othize ukuze ashise i-VTS).

Ukuwohloka kwenzwa yesigaba kuholela ekwandeni kokusetshenziswa kwamandla kwenjini. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi i-ECU ayitholi siginali lapho isilinda sokuqala siqala ukwenza unhlangothi othile. Kulokhu, i-elekthronikhi iqala umjovo we-paraphase. Yilapho umzuzu wokuphakelwa kukaphethiloli unqunywa ngamapulse avela ku-DPKV. Kule modi, ama-injectors acushwa kabili kaningi.

Ngenxa yale modi, imoto izoqhubeka nokusebenza. Ukwakheka kuphela kwenhlanganisela kaphethiloli womoya okwenzeka ngesikhathi esisebenza kahle kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, amandla weyunithi ayancipha, futhi ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kuyanda (kangakanani, kuya ngemodeli yemoto) Nazi izimpawu onganquma ngazo ukwehluleka kwenzwa yesigaba:

• Ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kuye kwanda;
• Ubuthi begesi yokukhipha sebukhuphukile (uma i-catalyst iyeka ukubhekana nomsebenzi wayo, lesi sibonakaliso sizohambisana nephunga lesici elivela kumbhobho wokukhipha - iphunga likaphethiloli ongashiswanga);
• Amandla wenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi anciphile;
• Ukusebenza okungazinzi kwunithi yamandla kuyabonakala (kuyabonakala kakhulu kumodi ye-XX);
• Ekucocekeni, kwafika isibani semodi yezimo eziphuthumayo;
• Ukuqala kobunzima benjini (amasekhondi ambalwa wokuqalisa kokuqala, i-ECU ayitholi ukushaywa yi-DF, ngemuva kwalokho ishintshela kumodi yokujova ye-paraphase);
• Kukhona ukuphazamiseka ekusebenzeni kohlelo lokuzihlola izimoto (kuya ngemodeli yemoto, lokhu kwenzeka okwamanje lapho kuqaliswa injini yomlilo yangaphakathi, ethatha amasekhondi afinyelela kwangu-10);
• Uma umshini ufakwe i-HBO yesizukulwane sesi-4 nangaphezulu, ukuphazanyiswa kokusebenza kweyunithi kuyabonakala kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi uphiko olulawula izimoto nolunye lwe-LPG lusebenza ngokungahambisani.

I-DF ikakhulu yehla ngenxa yokuguga kwemvelo, kanye nangenxa yokushisa okuphezulu nokudlidliza okungapheli. Enye inzwa izinzile, njengoba isebenza ngesisekelo somphumela weHholo.

Ikhodi yephutha lokulahleka kwesikhathi se-camshaft

Ngenqubo yokuxilonga uhlelo lokubhoda, imishini ingaqopha leli phutha (ngokwesibonelo, ohlelweni lokugibela izimoto ze-Renault, ihambisana nekhodi ye-DF080). Kusho ukwephula isikhathi sokushintshwa kwe-engeli yokujikeleza kwe-camshaft yokudla. Yilapho uhlelo luguqulela khona kanzima kune-ECU ekhonjisiwe.

Izimpawu zaleli phutha yilezi:

1. I-alamu yenjini ihlanzekile;
2. Ijubane elikhulu kakhulu noma elintantayo elingenzi lutho;
3. Injini kunzima ukuqala;
4. Injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ayizinzile;
5. Ezimweni ezithile, iyunithi lezitebele;
6. Kuzwakala ukungqongqoza kunjini;
7. Ukusetshenziswa kwephethiloli kuyanda;
8. Ukuqeda akuhlangabezani namazinga emvelo.

Iphutha i-P0011 kungenzeka ngenxa kawoyela wenjini ongcolile (ushintsho lwamafutha alwenziwa ngesikhathi) noma izinga lalo eliphansi. Futhi, ikhodi efanayo iyavela lapho i-phase shifter wedge isendaweni eyodwa. Kuyafaneleka ukucabangela ukuthi i-elekthronikhi yezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemoto yehlukile, ngakho-ke, ikhodi yaleli phutha nayo ingahluka. Kumamodeli amaningi, inezimpawu ze-P0011 (P0016).

Solenoid umphini

Ukuxhuma koxhumana nabo kuvame ukubonwa kulo mshini. Lokhu kungasebenzi kahle kuqedwa ngokubheka nokuhlanza i-chip yokuxhumana yedivayisi. Okungajwayelekile kakhulu i-valve wedge endaweni ethile, noma ingahle ivuthe lapho inikwa amandla. Uma i-valve evela kolunye uhlelo lokuguqulwa ifakiwe ku-shifter yesigaba, nayo kungenzeka ingasebenzi.

Ukuhlola i-solenoid valve, iyahlakazwa. Okulandelayo, ihlolwe ukuthi isiqu sayo sihamba ngokukhululeka yini. Ukuze senze lokhu, sixhuma izintambo ezimbili koxhumana nabo be-valve futhi okwesikhashana (kungabi ngaphezu kwemizuzwana eyodwa noma emibili ukuze i-valve evalwayo ingashi) siyivala ezikhumulweni zebhethri. Uma i-valve isebenza, kuzwakala ukuchofoza. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ingxenye kufanele ifakwe esikhundleni sayo.

Ingcindezi Lubrication

Yize lokhu kuphuka kungathinti ukusebenziseka kweshifti yesigaba uqobo, ukusebenza ngempumelelo kohlelo kuncike kulesi sici. Uma ingcindezi ohlelweni lokuthambisa ibuthakathaka, i-Rotor ngeke ijika ngokwanele i-camshaft. Imvamisa, lokhu akuvamile, ngokuya ngesheduli yokushintsha ukuthambisa. Ngemininingwane yokuthi uwushintsha nini uwoyela enjinini, funda ngokwehlukana.

Umlawuli wesigaba

Ngaphezu kokungasebenzi kahle kwe-valve ye-solenoid, isigudluli sesigaba uqobo singaminyana kwesinye sezikhundla ezimbi kakhulu. Vele, ngokungasebenzi kahle okunjalo, imoto ingaqhubeka nokusebenza. Udinga nje ukukhumbula ukuthi imoto ene-phase regulator efriziwe endaweni eyodwa izosebenza ngendlela efanayo nokuthi ibingenayo i-system valve timing system.

Nazi ezinye izimpawu zokuthi isigaba sesilawuli siphukile ngokuphelele noma ngokwengxenye:

1. Isikhathi sebhande sisebenza ngomsindo ongaphandle. Njengabanye babashayeli bezimoto abahlangabezane nenothi elinjalo lokungasebenzi kahle, kuzwakala imisindo kusuka kushifter yesigaba efana nokusebenza kweyunithi kadizili.
2. Ngokuya ngesikhundla se-camshaft, injini izoba ne-rpm engazinzile (engenzi lutho, emaphakathi noma ephezulu). Kulokhu, amandla okukhipha azokwehla ngokusobala. Injini enjalo ingasebenza kahle kumodi ye-XX, futhi ilahlekelwe ngamandla ngesikhathi sokusheshisa, futhi okuphambene nalokho: kumodi yokushayela yezemidlalo, yiba nozinzo, kepha lapho ukukhishwa kwegesi kukhishwa, kuqala "ukuminyanisa"
3. Njengoba isikhathi se-valve singahambelani nemodi yokusebenza yeyunithi yamandla, uphethiloli ovela ethangini uzokhipha ngokushesha (kwezinye izinhlobo zezimoto lokhu akubonwa kangako).
4. Amagesi okukhipha aba yingozi kakhulu, ahambisana nephunga elibi lomlilo ongashiswanga.
5. Lapho injini ifudumala, isivinini entantayo siyabonakala. Kuleli qophelo, i-shifter yesigaba ingakhipha ukuqhuma okuqinile.
6. Ukwephula ukungaguquguquki kwama-camshafts, ahambisana nephutha elihambisanayo, elingabonakala ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa kwekhompyutha (mayelana nokuthi le nqubo yenziwa kanjani, funda kokunye ukubuyekeza).

Isilawuli sesigaba uqobo singahluleka ngenxa yokugqoka okungokwemvelo kwama-blade. Imvamisa lokhu kwenzeka ngemuva kwezinkulungwane eziyi-100-200. Uma umshayeli engazinaki izincomo zokushintsha uwoyela (igrisi elidala lilahlekelwa uketshezi futhi liqukethe izingcwecwe zensimbi ezincane kakhulu), khona-ke ukuwohloka kwe-Rotor coupling fluid kungenzeka ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Futhi, ngenxa yokugqokwa kwezingxenye zensimbi zomshini wokujika, lapho isiginali ifika ku-actuator, i-camshaft ingaguqula okungaphezulu kunendlela yokusebenza yenjini edinga. Ukusebenza kwe-Phaser nakho kuthintwa yizinkinga zenzwa ye-crankshaft ne-camshaft position. Ngenxa yezimpawu zabo ezingalungile, i-ECU ingalungisa ngokungalungile indlela yokusabalalisa igesi kumodi yokusebenza yenjini.

Ngisho nangaphansi kakhulu, ukwehluleka kohlelo lwemoto lwe-elekthronikhi kwenzeka. Ngenxa yokwehluleka kwesoftware ku-ECU, inganikeza izigaxa ezingalungile noma imane iqale ukulungisa amaphutha, yize kungahle kungabi khona amaphutha uqobo.

Isevisi

Njengoba i-shifter yesigaba ihlinzeka ngokushuna kahle kokusebenza kwezimoto, ukusebenza kahle kweyunithi yamandla nakho kuncike ekusebenzeni kwazo zonke izinto zayo. Ngalesi sizathu, lo mshini udinga ukugcinwa ngezikhathi ezithile. Into yokuqala efanele ukunakwa isihlungi sikawoyela (hhayi okuyinhloko, kepha yiso esihlanza uwoyela oya ekuhlanganisweni koketshezi). Ngokwesilinganiso, njalo lapho kugijinywa amakhilomitha angama-30 kudingeka kuhlanzwe noma kufakwe okusha.

Yize le nqubo (yokuhlanza) ingaphathwa yinoma yimuphi umshayeli, kwezinye izimoto kunzima ukuthola le nto. Imvamisa ifakwa emugqeni wohlelo lokuthambisa injini esikhaleni esiphakathi kwepompo yamafutha ne-valve ye-solenoid. Ngaphambi kokuqaqa isihlungi, sincoma ukuthi uqale ubheke kumiyalo yokuthi ibukeka kanjani. Ngaphezu kokuhlanza i-elementi, udinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-mesh nomzimba wayo akulimalanga. Lapho wenza umsebenzi, kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele, ngoba isihlungi ngokwaso sibuthakathaka impela.

Izinzuzo nokungalungi

Abashayeli abaningi banombuzo mayelana nokuthi kungenzeka yini bacishe uhlelo lokushintsha isikhathi se-valve eliguqukayo. Vele, umphathi osesiteshini sesevisi angacisha i-shifter yesigaba kalula, kepha akekho ongabhalisela lesi sixazululo, ngoba ungaqiniseka ngamaphesenti ayi-100 ukuthi kulokhu motor izoba engazinzile. Ngeke kube khona umbuzo ngeziqinisekiso zokusebenza kwunithi yamandla ngesikhathi sokuqhubeka kokusebenza ngaphandle kwesigudluli sesigaba.

Ngakho-ke, izinzuzo zohlelo lwe-CVVT zifaka lezi zinto ezilandelayo:

1. Inikeza ukugcwaliswa okusebenzayo kakhulu kwamasilinda kunoma iyiphi indlela yokusebenza yenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi;
2. Okufanayo kusebenza ekusebenzeni kahle komlilo womxube wephethiloli womoya nokususwa kwamandla amakhulu ngejubane elihlukile nemithwalo yenjini;
3. Ubuthi begesi yokukhipha bancishisiwe, ngoba ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, i-MTC isha ngokuphelele;
4. Umnotho wephethiloli ohloniphekile ungabonakala, kuye ngohlobo lwenjini, ngaphandle kwenani elikhulu leyunithi;
5. Imoto ihlale inamandla, futhi ekuvuseleleni okuphezulu, ukwanda kwamandla ne-torque kuyabonakala.

Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi uhlelo lwe-CVVT lwenzelwe ukusimamisa ukusebenza kwemoto emithwalweni ehlukahlukene nangesivinini, akuyona ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka okuningana. Okokuqala, uma kuqhathaniswa nemoto yakudala ene-camshafts eyodwa noma ezimbili ngesikhathi, lolu hlelo luyinani elengeziwe lezingxenye. Lokhu kusho ukuthi enye imoto yengezwe emotweni, edinga ukunakekelwa lapho isevisi yezokuthutha kanye nendawo eyengeziwe engaba khona yokonakala.

Okwesibili, ukulungiswa noma ukushintshwa kweshifti yesigaba kumele kwenziwe uchwepheshe ofanelekayo. Okwesithathu, njengoba isigudluli sesigaba sisebenzisa i-elekthronikhi ukulungisa okuhle kokusebenza kwunithi yamandla kagesi, izindleko zayo ziphakeme. Ekugcineni, siphakamisa ukuthi ubuke ividiyo emfushane yokuthi kungani kudingeka ishifter yesigaba emotweni yesimanje, nokuthi isebenza kanjani:

Isistimu yesikhathi se-valve eguquguqukayo esebenzisa isibonelo se-CVVT

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Iyini i-CVVT? Lolu uhlelo olushintsha isikhathi se-valve (Isikhathi Sokuguquguquka Kwevalve Eqhubekayo). Ilungisa isikhathi sokuvula se-valve yokudonsa kanye ne-exhaust ngokuya ngesivinini semoto.

Iyini i-CVVT Coupling? Lesi i-actuator eyinhloko yesistimu yesikhathi se-valve eguquguqukayo. Ibizwa nangokuthi i-phase shifter. Ishintsha umzuzu wokuvula i-valve.

Iyini i-Dual CVVT? Lokhu ukuguqulwa kwesistimu yesikhathi se-valve eguquguqukayo. Okubili - kabili. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ama-shifter wesigaba amabili afakwe ebhandeni lesikhathi elinjalo (elilodwa lokuthatha, elinye lama-valve okukhipha amandla).