Ushintsha kangaki uwoyela wenjini?

Lapho kunqunywa ukuthi ushintsha nini uwoyela wenjini emotweni, abashayeli abaningi baqondiswa ukufundwa kwe-odometer. Ngokwesincomo somkhiqizi, imvamisa yenqubo kufanele (kuya ngohlobo lomkhiqizo) njalo ngamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-10-15.

Noma kunjalo, eyodwa ayinakuba ngokwezigaba kulolu daba. Imvamisa yezinguquko zikawoyela wenjini ayincikile ngqo ebangeni lemoto, kodwa ekusebenzeni kweyunithi yamandla. Yini ethinta ikhwalithi yesithambisi?

Yini ethinta imvamisa yokushintshwa

Uwoyela wenjini kufanele ushintshwe ukuze injini ihlanzwe kudoti oholelwayo. Futhi, igrisi eshile iyajiya futhi iyeke ukubhekana nenhloso yayo (ukuhlinzekela ingaphezulu lamafutha okugcoba). Ngakho-ke, okokuqala, imvamisa yokuyishintsha incike ekutheni ukutubeka kwenzeka ngokushesha kangakanani.

Lokhu kuthonywa yizici eziningi. Nazi ezinkulu.

• Izinga lokushisa injini. Uphethiloli, ipropane nodizili ukushisa iyunithi yamandla lapho kushiswa. Izinjini zesimanje zikwazi ukushisa kufika ku-115 degrees. Uma injini evuthayo yangaphakathi ivame ukushisa, "iguga" ngokushesha.
• Uhlobo lwamafutha. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zokugcoba. Kuyinto zokwenziwa, semi-zokwenziwa futhi amaminerali. Zonke zinendawo yazo yokujiya nephoyinti. Ukusebenzisa umkhiqizo ongafanele kuzonciphisa isikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwesithambisi.
• Ukungena kokupholisayo nophethiloli emafutheni kuzoshintsha izici zokugcotshwa. Kodwa-ke, kulokhu, ngaphambi kokuyiguqula, udinga ukuthola nokususa isizathu sokuthi kungani uketshezi lwangaphandle lungene emafutheni. Imvamisa le nkinga ikhombisa ukwephulwa kobunzima bokuxhuma phakathi kwebhokisi lesilinda nekhanda lesilinda (kuzodingeka ukufaka esikhundleni se-gasket).

Ezinye izinto

Lokhu okulandelayo yizici ezincike kumshayeli nezimo zokusebenza komshini.

• Imodi yokusebenza yezimoto. Lapho imoto ivamise ukuhamba ngesivinini esiphansi noma ihamba kancane esiminyaminyeni sezimoto, uwoyela awupholisi kahle, okunciphisa nesikhathi sokushintsha kukawoyela ngenxa yokushisa ngokweqile.
• Imodi yokushayela. Esinye sezici ezibalulekile lapho ikhwalithi kawoyela wenjini incike khona. Kumodi yedolobha, umshayeli uyasheshisa futhi anciphise ijubane kaningi. Ngakho-ke, ukushayela ngezivinini eziphakathi cishe akunakwenzeka. Ukushayela emgwaqeni oyisicaba kugcina amazinga okushisa kawoyela asezingeni elifanayo. Lokhu kwenzeka noma ngejubane elikhulu (kepha ngaphakathi kwebanga lejubane lenjini elivunyelwe).
• Imithwalo eqenjini le-cylinder-piston. Ukushayela ekukhuphukeni okude nakwehlayo, kanye nokushayela nge-trailer esindayo, kwandisa umthwalo enjini. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinga lokushisa kukawoyela emasongweni kawoyela we-piston liyanda, elehlisa impilo yalo yokusebenza.

Isikhathi esifanele sokushintsha uwoyela

Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, ukunakekelwa akufanele kwenziwe ngokususelwa ebangeni lemoto. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ochwepheshe baye basungula ifomula ekhethekile, enquma ukuthi nini, empeleni, kufanele kwenziwe indawo. Umphumela wale fomula amahora wenjini. Okusho ukuthi, kubalwa isikhathi sokusebenza kwenjini.

Isibonelo, umkhiqizi wezimoto usethe umnqamulajuqu wokushintsha uwoyela wenjini kumakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane eziyishumi. Uma umshayeli evame ukushayela emgwaqeni omkhulu, uzobe ehamba leli banga emahoreni ayi-10 ngejubane le-100 km / h. Kodwa-ke, uketshezi oluthambisa lusazosebenza. Kepha uma uhamba ngemodi "yedolobha" ngejubane lokuhamba ngesivinini samakhilomitha angama-100 / ngehora, khona-ke imoto izosebenza cishe amahora angama-25. Kulokhu, uwoyela uzoba mnyama ngesikhathi soshintsho. Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, ibanga elifanayo lithinta isimo samafutha ngezindlela ezihlukile.

Ukubalwa kochwepheshe

Njengoba sekushiwo, imvamisa yokuvakashelwa esiteshini sesevisi incike kohlobo lwamafutha. Ngezansi kwetafula elikuvumela ukuthi unqume lezi zikhathi, ngokuya ngamahora wokusebenza. Imininingwane enikezwe yi-American Petroleum Institute.

Umkhiqizo kawoyela wezimoto	Inani elilinganiselwe lamahora
Okumbiwa phansi (15W40)	150
Okuhlanganisiwe (10W40)	250
Zokwenziwa (5W40):
I-Hydrocracking (0W40)	300 - 350
I-Polyalphaolefin isuselwe (5W40)	350 - 400
Ngokusekelwe kuma-polyesters nama-diesters (i-ester) (7.5W40)	400 - 450

Ukubala inani lamahora okusebenza, imoto kufanele ifakwe i-unit control unit. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, idivayisi ibala inkomba yejubane elijwayelekile lemoto ebangeni elihanjiwe. Izibalo zenziwa ngokuya ngefomula elandelayo. Inani lamahora okusebenza (akhonjiswe kuthebula) liphindaphindwa ngejubane elijwayelekile (inkomba ye-ECU). Ngenxa yalokhu, kuzotholakala imithethonqubo edingekayo: i-mileage ephezulu, ngemuva kwalokho kuzodingeka ukunakekelwa kweyunithi yamandla.

Kungani udinga ushintsho lwamafutha njalo?

Noma imuphi uwoyela, kungaba owokuhlanganisa izinto, owomuthi, noma wamaminerali, uqukethe inani elithile lezithasiselo. Ngokuya ngomkhiqizi, bane "shelf life" yabo, noma insiza lapho izithasiselo zihlala zisesimweni sazo sokuqala. Kwezinye izimo, kungadingeka ukushintsha uwoyela ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile.

Lapho imoto ingenzi lutho isikhathi eside, izithasiselo emafutheni ziqala ukwehla. Ngenxa yalokho, imoto ngeke ivikelwe, ngisho nasezingeni elifanele le-dipstick. Ngakho-ke, abanye abakhiqizi batusa ukufaka esikhundleni ngezikhathi ezithile zezinyanga ezimbalwa, noma kanye ngonyaka.

Vele, kukumshayeli ngamunye ukunquma ukuthi uzowushintsha nini uwoyela wenjini. Kufanele isuselwe kumingcele ngayinye yezokuthutha, imithwalo enjini nemingcele yezobuchwepheshe yenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, bukela ividiyo emfushane ngezikhathi zokushintsha uwoyela:

Isikhathi sokushintsha uwoyela wenjini

Imibuzo ejwayelekile:

Ugcwalisa kuphi uwoyela wenjini? Ngalokhu kukhona intamo ekhethekile yokugcwalisa uwoyela. Umfanekiso kawoyela ungasetshenziswa esivalweni sawo. Lo mphimbo utholakala emotweni uqobo.

Ngidinga amakhilomitha amangaki ukushintsha uwoyela? Lesi sibalo sincike kwimodeli yemoto. Ngokuyisisekelo, isikhawu singamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-10-15, noma kanye ngonyaka uma imoto ihamba ngokungazelelwe.

Yini ehlunga ukushintsha lapho kushintshwa uwoyela? Njengoba ushintsho lukawoyela lwenziwa njengengxenye yesondlo esijwayelekile, izihlungi zikawoyela, uphethiloli, umoya namakamelo kufanele kushintshwe ngalolu ketshezi.

Kukangaki udinga ukushintsha uwoyela ngemayela eliphansi? Umthethonqubo wokushintsha uwoyela enjinini usuka kumakhilomitha ayi-10 kuye kwayi-15, noma nge-mileage ephansi, kanye ngonyaka. Kweminye imishini, isistimu ngokwayo inquma isikhathi sokushintshwa.

Kwenzekani uma ungashintshi uwoyela iminyaka emi-2? Ukuphila kweshelufu ende kawoyela kuvunyelwe kuphela emaphaketheni asekuqaleni avaliwe. Lapho ingena enjinini, i-oksijini iqala ukusebenza kuyo, futhi isithambiso sithola i-oxidation.

Kwenzekani uma ushintsha uwoyela njalo? Ngesikhathi sokushintsha kukawoyela, kuyilapho okokuthambisa okusha kumpontshwa eziteshini zenjini, kuba nendlala kawoyela isikhathi esithile, ikakhulukazi uma ushintsho lwenziwa ebusika. Ukushintsha njalo kuveza injini ekucindezelekeni okungadingekile.