Ukumiswa kweMacPherson - kuyini
Okuqukethwe
Uma imoto ihamba emgwaqeni, idlula izigaxa ezehlukene, kanti kwezinye izindawo zingafaniswa ne-roller coaster. Ukuze imoto ingabhidliki futhi wonke umuntu osemgodini angazizwa kabi, kufakwa ukumiswa emotweni.
Sikhulume ngezinhlobo zohlelo ngaphambili kancane... Okwamanje, ake sigxile ohlotsheni olulodwa - umucu weMacPherson.
Yini iMacPherson pendant
Iningi lesabelomali kanye nezimoto ezisezingeni eliphakathi zinikezwe lolu hlelo lokwehla kwezinga. Kumamodeli abiza kakhulu, ingasetshenziswa ukumiswa komoya noma olunye uhlobo.
Isicelo esikhulu seMacPherson sisemasondweni angaphambili, yize ezinhlelweni ezizimele singatholakala naku-axle yangemuva. Okucacile kwesistimu okukhulunywa ngayo ukuthi kungokwenhlobo ehlukahlukene ezimele. Okusho ukuthi, isondo ngalinye linento yalo elayishwe entwasahlobo, eqinisekisa ukunqotshwa okushelelekile kwezithiyo nokubuyela kwayo ngokushesha ekuxhumaneni nethrekhi.
Umlando wendalo
Ngaphambi konjiniyela bekhulu lama-40 lekhulu elidlule, kwakukhona umbuzo: kanjani ukuqinisekisa indawo ezinzile yomzimba wemoto, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye, ukuze konke ukungahambi kahle emgwaqweni kucishwe isakhiwo imoto chassis.
Ngaleso sikhathi, uhlelo olwalususelwe ohlotsheni lwesifiso sesibili seluvele lukhona. Isigaxa sokushaqeka sathuthukiswa ngunjiniyela we-Ford automaker i-Ford, u-Earl MacPherson. Ukuze wenze lula ukwakheka kokumiswa kwesifiso sesibili, umthuthukisi usebenzise umucu wokuthwala nge-shock absorber (funda ngesakhiwo sezinciphisi ezishaqisayo lapha).
Isinqumo sokusebenzisa isiphethu ne-absorber yokushaqeka kwimodyuli eyodwa senze ukuthi kususwe ingalo engaphezulu ekwakhiweni. Ngokokuqala ngqá imoto yokukhiqiza, ekumisweni kwalolu hlobo lwentambo, yasuka kulayini womhlangano ngo-1948. KwakuyiFord Vedette.
Ngemuva kwalokho, isitendi sathuthukiswa. Izinguquko eziningi zazisetshenziswa abanye abakhiqizi (abasekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-70s). Ngaphandle kwezinhlobonhlobo zamamodeli, uhlelo oluyisisekelo lokuklama nokusebenza luhlala lukhona.
Isimiso sokumiswa
UMcPherson usebenza ngokuya ngalesi simiso esilandelayo. I-rack igxile kokuthwala okuphezulu (mayelana nokuthi kungani idingeka nokuthi yikuphi ukungasebenzi kahle okukhona ekusekelweni kwe-absorber shock kuchazwe ngokubuyekezwa okuhlukile).
Ngezansi, imodyuli ifakwe ogogweni lokushayela noma esigwedlweni. Esimweni sokuqala, i-absorber yokushaqeka izoba nokusekelwa okukhethekile, lapho okungena khona i-bearing, ngoba i-rack izohamba nesondo.
Lapho imoto ishaya isigaxa, into yokushaqeka ithoba ukushaqeka. Njengoba iningi lezinciphisi ezishaqisayo zingahlelwanga ngentwasahlobo ebuyayo, isiqu sisekhona. Uma ulishiya likule ndawo, isondo lizolahlekelwa wukubambeka futhi imoto izokwehla.
Kusetshenziswa intwasahlobo ekumiseni ukumisa kabusha ukuxhumana phakathi kwamasondo nomgwaqo. Ibuyisa ngokushesha i-absorber absorber endaweni yayo yasekuqaleni - induku iphume ngokuphelele ezindlini zodamper.
Usebenzisa kuphela iziphethu nakho kuzonciphisa ukushaqeka lapho ushayela ngaphezulu kwamaqhubu. Kodwa ukumiswa okunjalo kunenkinga enkulu - umzimba wemoto untengantenga kangangokuba wonke umuntu osegumbini lokuhlala uzoba nokugula kwasolwandle ngemuva kohambo olude.
Ngale ndlela zonke izinto zokumiswa zisebenza:
Idivayisi yokumiswa kweMacPherson
Idizayini yemodyuli kaMcPherson inezinto ezilandelayo:
- I-Shock absorber - isebenza njenge-damper ngenkathi ushayela;
- Intwasahlobo, ngaphakathi lapho kutholakala khona i-damper rack;
- Umshini wesondo ojikelezayo;
- Ingalo engezansi ivimbela ukunyakaza kwesakhiwo isikhathi eside.
Ngaphezu kwezingxenye eziyinhloko, amalunga ebhola anama-bushings enjoloba. Ziyadingeka ukunciphisa ukudlidliza okuncane okwenzeka ngesikhathi sokumiswa.
Izingxenye zokumiswa
Into ngayinye yokumiswa yenza umsebenzi obalulekile, okwenza ukuphatha imoto kube mnandi ngangokunokwenzeka.
I-rack absorber rack
Le yunithi iqukethe i-absorber yokushaqeka, phakathi kwezinkomishi zokusekelwa lapho kuhlangana khona intwasahlobo. Ukuqaqa umhlangano, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa i-puller ekhethekile ecindezela imicu, ikwenze kuphephe ukukhipha imishudo yokubopha.
Ukusekelwa okuphezulu kulungiswa engilazini yomzimba, futhi kuvame ukuthinta into yayo. Ngenxa yobukhona bale ngxenye, kungenzeka ukufaka imodyuli kufindo lokushayela. Lokhu kuvumela isondo ukuthi liphenduke ngaphandle kokulimaza emzimbeni wemoto.
Ukuqinisekisa ukusimama komshini emajikeni, i-rack ifakwa ngomthambeka omncane. Ingxenye engezansi inokunwetshwa kwangaphandle okuncane. Le engela incike kuzimpawu zokumiswa konke futhi ayilungiseki.
Ithambo lesifiso eliphansi
I-wishbone isetshenziselwa ukuvimbela ukunyakaza kwe-longitudinal kwe-rack lapho umshini ushaya isithiyo, njengomgwaqo. Ukuvimbela isigwedlo ekuhambeni, kulungiswe kufayela elingaphansi ezindaweni ezimbili.
Kwesinye isikhathi kunamalevers anephuzu elilodwa lokunamathiselwe. Kulokhu, ukujikeleza kwawo nakho akunakwenzeka, ngoba kusazolungiswa ngokugxila, okuzophinda futhi kuqhathanise ne-subframe.
Isigwedlo siwuhlobo lomhlahlandlela wokuhamba mpo kwesondo, kungakhathalekile i-engeli yokuqondisa. Ehlangothini lwesondo, kunamathele kulo ilambu lebhola (kuchazwe ukwakheka kwalo kanye nomgomo wokumiselela ngokwehlukana).
Ibha ye-anti-roll
Le nto yethulwe ngesimo sesixhumanisi esigobile esixhuma zombili izingalo (emaphethelweni) negama elingaphansi (elilungiswe maphakathi). Ezinye izinguquko zine-rack yazo (kungani idingeka nokuthi isebenza kanjani, kuchazwa lapha).
Umsebenzi owenziwa yi-transversal stabilizer ukuqeda ukugingqika kwemoto lapho ubheke khona. Ngaphezu kokunethezeka okwandisiwe, ingxenye ihlinzeka ngokuphepha kuma-bend. Iqiniso ngukuthi lapho imoto ingena ejikeni ngejubane elikhulu, amandla adonsela phansi omzimba ahamba aye ohlangothini olulodwa.
Ngenxa yalokhu, ngakolunye uhlangothi, amasondo alayishwa ngaphezulu, ngakolunye uhlangothi, athuliswa ngokuphambene nalokho, okuholela ekunciphiseni kokunamathela kwabo emgwaqweni. I-lateral stabilizer igcina amasondo alula phansi ukuze axhumane kangcono nomgwaqo.
Zonke izimoto zesimanje zifakwe isiqinisi sangaphambili ngaphambili. Kodwa-ke, amamodeli amaningi nawo anento engemuva. Ikakhulukazi ngokuvamile into enjalo ingatholakala ezimotweni ezinamasondo amane ezihlanganyela emijahweni yama-rally.
Izinzuzo nezinkinga zohlelo lweMcPherson
Noma yikuphi ukuguqulwa ohlelweni lwemoto olujwayelekile kunenzuzo nobubi. Kafushane ngazo - etafuleni elilandelayo.
| Isithunzi McFerson: | Ububi bokumiswa kweMacPherson: |
| Kusetshenziselwa imali nezinto zokwakha ezimbalwa uma siqhathanisa ukuguqulwa nezigwedlo ezimbili | I-kinematic encane kancane kunohlobo lwesifiso sesifiso esiphindwe kabili (ngezingalo ezilandelanayo noma ngamathambo wesifiso) |
| Umklamo ohlangene | Ngenkathi ushayela emigwaqeni engafakwanga kahle, imifantu emincane kakhulu ivela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi endaweni yokunamathisela kosekelo oluphezulu, ngenxa yalokho ingilazi kumele iqiniswe |
| Isisindo esiphansi kakhulu semodyuli (uma siqhathaniswa nohlobo lwentwasahlobo, ngokwesibonelo) | Uma kwenzeka ukuphazamiseka, i-absorber yokushaqeka ingashintshwa, kepha ingxenye uqobo nomsebenzi wokuyifaka esikhundleni kubiza imali ehloniphekile (inani lincike kwimodeli yemoto) |
| Amandla e-swivel wokusekelwa okuphezulu akhulisa insiza yawo | I-absorber yokushaqeka inendawo ecishe ime mpo, evame ukudala ukudlidliza kusuka emgwaqweni kuya emzimbeni |
| Ukwehluleka ukumiswa kutholakala kalula (ukuthi ungakwenza kanjani, funda ngokubuyekezwa okuhlukile) | Lapho imoto ibopha amabhuleki, umzimba uluma kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo zokumiswa. Ngenxa yalokhu, ingemuva lemoto lehliswe kakhulu, okuthi ngejubane elikhulu kuholele ekushibilikeni kwamasondo angemuva. |
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi umucu weMacPherson uhlala wenziwa wesimanje, ngakho-ke imodeli ngayinye entsha inikeza ukuzinza okungcono komshini, futhi impilo yayo yokusebenza iyanda.
Ekuphetheni, siphakamisa ukuthi ubuke ividiyo eningiliziwe mayelana nomehluko phakathi kwezinhlobo eziningana zokumiswa:
Imibuzo nezimpendulo:
Uyini umehluko phakathi kokumiswa kweMacPherson kanye ne-Multi-link? I-MacPherson strut iyidizayini eyenziwe lula yezixhumanisi eziningi. Iqukethe ama-levers amabili (ngaphandle kwephezulu) kanye ne-damper strut. I-multi-link inamalever okungenani angu-4 ohlangothini ngalunye.
Ungakuqonda kanjani ukumiswa kwe-MacPherson? Isici esibalulekile salokhu kumiswa yi-damper strut enkulu. Igibele i-stretcher futhi incike engilazini yokusekela ngemuva kwephiko.
Kuyini ukumiswa kwamakhonkco amaningi? Lolu uhlobo lwe-suspension oluhlanganisa okungenani ama-levers angu-4 isondo ngalinye, i-shock absorber eyodwa ne-spring, i-wheel bear, i-stabilizer ephambanayo kanye ne-subframe.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zamapende akhona? Kukhona iMacPherson, i-double wishbone, i-multi-link, i-"De Dion", encike ngemuva, i-semi-independent yangemuva emisiwe. Kuya ngesigaba semoto, uhlobo lwayo lokumiswa luzofakwa.
