Yini i-chassis, isebenza kanjani nokuthi yenzelwe ini

Imoto chassis

Ubusha bakhelwe ku-chassis yemodeli edlule futhi bathola izinguquko eziningi zobuchwepheshe nezokubukwayo. Nakhu ukuthi ukubuyekezwa kwezimoto eziningi zesizukulwane esilandelayo kuqala. Iyini i-chassis ekhiqizwa amamodeli alandelayo? Ake sibhekane nalolu daba ngokuningiliziwe.

Yini i-chassis

Zonke izimoto ziqukethe izinto ezintathu eziyinhloko:

• i-Power Point;
• umzimba;
• isisu semoto.

I-chassis akuyona ingxenye ethile yemoto. Kwesinye isikhathi leli gama lisho isakhiwo esisekelayo somshini.

Eqinisweni, i-chassis iyisethi yezindlela ezisebenzisana namasondo nezisekelo zemoto. Lolu wuphiko oluhlanganisa isiteringi semoto, ugesi wayo, ukwehla kwamandla emali kanye no-chassis. Zonke lezi zinhlelo zixhunywe ngendlela efanayo, futhi umsebenzi wazo uvumelaniswa ukuze yonke imoto ikwazi ukunyakaza. I-chassis ihlanganisa nohlaka kanye nama-powertrains - injini, ukuhanjiswa kanye nokumiswa. Kuwo kunomzimba onikeza imoto ukubukeka sekuphelile. 

I-chassis yemoto isho futhi neqoqo lezingxenye nemihlangano lapho ukunyakaza nokuhamba kwemoto kuncike khona. Emibhalweni yezobuchwepheshe yemoto, inomaka, kulokhu okuhambisana nenombolo yomzimba (yini inombolo chassis).

Izingxenye eziyinhloko ze-chassis yemoto ziyi-suspensions ezimbili - ngaphambili nangemuva, kanye namasondo. Kudingeka ukumiswa ukuze kuthambise noma kuqedwe ukudlidliza lapho ushayela, ngenxa yokuthi imoto iwanqoba kahle wonke amabhampu omgwaqo.

Isebenza kanjani nokuthi yenzelwe ini

Onke amayunithi adingekayo ekunyakazeni afakwa phansi emotweni ngendlela yokuthi amandla wokujikeleza adluliswa esuka enjinini kuya emasondweni okushayela. Ngale ndlela wonke ama-node avumelaniswa:

• Kufakiwe kufayela elingaphansi imoto... It torque idluliselwa ngaphambili noma ngemuva asi (esimweni samasondo onke noma amasondo angemuva). Ngenxa yalokho, amasondo aqala ukujika bese umshini uya phambili noma emuva.

• Isiteringi sixhunywe emotweni ukushintsha indlela ebheke ngaso. Amasondo okushayela ayimisa ihamba imoto, amasondo ayo ayoyibhekisa ngakuphi. Kunemininingwane eminingi kulo mhlangano enikezela ngemisebenzi ebushelelezi ngenkathi ugibele.

• Ukushintsha ijubane lemoto, kufakwa u-gearbox phakathi kweyunithi yamandla namasondo okushayela. Kungenzeka abe imishini noma okuzenzakalelayo. Kulo mhlangano, i-torque inyuswa ngeqoqo lamagiya, okususa umthwalo owedlulele enjinini.

• Ukudlidlizela kwenzeka lapho ushayela emigwaqweni eyahlukene. Ukunyakazisa nokudlidlizela kuzodala ukuthi izingxenye zokudlulisa nokuqondisa ziphumelele ngokushesha. Ukunxephezela lo mthwalo, ama-levers kanye ne-absorber absorbers banamathiselwe ku-subframe.

Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, i-chassis yemoto ikuvumela ukuthi usethe sonke isakhiwo lapho sihamba, sishintshe ukuqondisa kwayo futhi sinxephezele imithwalo yokudlidliza eyenzeka ngesikhathi sokushayela. Ngenxa yalokhu kuthuthukiswa, amandla akhiqizwa yenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi angasetshenziselwa ukuthutha okunethezeka nokuphephile kwabantu kanye nemithwalo emikhulu.

Idivayisi

Ngakho-ke, ngaphansi kwe-chassis kushiwo ingqikithi yengxenye yokuthwala kanye nezinye izingxenye ezibalulekile ezivumela imoto ukuthi ihambe ngokuzimela. Zonke izinhlobo zezakhiwo zihlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili.

Isigaba sokuqala sihlanganisa zonke izimoto ezinesakhiwo sohlaka. Kulokhu, i-trolley yemoto iqukethe ifreyimu lapho wonke amayunithi, izinqubo kanye nezakhiwo zixhunywe khona. Izimoto ezinjalo zinzima futhi zinamandla amakhulu. Ngokuyisisekelo, lo mklamo owamaloli kanye nama-SUV agcwele.

Isigaba sesibili sihlanganisa uhlobo lwe-chassis, oluyingxenye yomzimba wemoto ngokushesha. Umzimba othwalayo awunamandla njengasohlangothini lwefreyimu egcwele, kodwa ilula kakhulu, ebaluleke kakhulu ezimotweni ezithwala abantu. Kuphela ekuguqulweni okunjalo kwe-chassis lapho kungenzeka khona ukudala ama-supercars alula kakhulu.

Onjiniyela bama-automaker ahlukene bathuthukisa imiklamo yabo yemizimba ethwala imithwalo, engahlukani kuphela ezicini zokuklama, kodwa futhi yenziwe ngezinto ezahlukene.

Nansi ividiyo emfushane ekhombisa ukubaluleka kokusebenzisa i-chassis materials engasindi emotweni yesimanje kusetshenziswa isibonelo samamodeli akwaMazda:

Mazda. Umzimba ne-chassis.

Izakhi zesakhiwo

Njengoba konke kuncike ku-chassis yemoto, le ngxenye yemoto kufanele ibe namandla ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi izakhi zayo kufanele zimelane nemithwalo ehlukene, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izimo zokusebenza.

I-chassis yesimanje yemoto iqukethe izingxenye nezakhiwo ezilandelayo:

• Amasondo anamathayi;
• ukudluliselwa;
• Izilenge;
• Isistimu yokuqondisa namabhuleki.

Zonke lezi zakhi ziqiniswe ngokuqinile kokubili ohlakeni nasengxenyeni ephethe yomzimba.

Ukusebenza

Ngokuqondene nemoto yomgibeli, i-chassis yale moto yenza imisebenzi elandelayo:

• Ikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise amandla okudonsa ukunyakaza okuzimele kwesakhiwo. Kulokhu, imoto inegiya lokugijima;
• Inikeza ukunyakaza okushelelayo okunokwenzeka. Ukumiswa kanye namathayi ngokwengxenye anesibopho sokushelela kokunyakaza. Ukunethezeka komshayeli nabagibeli kuncike ohlotsheni lokumiswa kanye nekhwalithi yezakhi zomswakama;
• Ikuvumela ukuthi ulawule isiqondiso sokuhamba kwesakhiwo. Lo msebenzi wabelwe isiteringi.

I-chassis ngayinye yenzelwe izimo zomgwaqo ezahlukene ukuze unqobe izithiyo, umshini ukwazi ukumelana nemithwalo ye-torsion yomzimba. Uma lo mthwalo ubalulekile, ingxenye ethwala imithwalo yemoto izobe ikhubazekile, okuzothinta izindlela ezihlukahlukene kanye nezakhi zomzimba (isibonelo, iminyango izoyeka ukuvala).

Ibhoksi lokumisa

Lokhu kungenye yezinto eziyinhloko ze-chassis. Ukuzinza komshini lapho u-corning kuncike kukhwalithi kanye nezici zokuklama zale ngxenye. Futhi, ukumiswa kuthuthukiswa ngokucabangela izidingo zokuphepha ngokuhambisana nezidingo zomshayeli wesimanje, maqondana nenduduzo.

Kusukela ekudalweni kwemoto yokuqala, kuze kube namuhla, ukuklama kokumiswa kuhlale kuthuthukiswa, ngenxa yokuthi kunezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zazo zonke izinhlobo zemiklamo yokumiswa emhlabeni wezimoto. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwazo zonke lezi zakhiwo usendleleni umshini wokusekela (amasondo) ofakwe ngayo ku-axle eyodwa.

Ukumiswa kokuncika

Lolu wuhlobo lokuqala ngqa lokumiswa kwemoto. Kulokhu, amasondo e-axle eyodwa axhumene ngokuqinile. Izinzuzo zokumiswa okunjalo zihlanganisa izinga eliphezulu lokunamathela kwamasondo endaweni yomgwaqo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma imoto ingena ejikeni endaweni ebushelelezi. Ngenxa yokuqiniswa okuqinile, isondo ngalinye ligcina ukuma okuqondile.

Uma sikhuluma ngobubi balolu hlobo lokumiswa, khona-ke ngenkathi ushayela phezu kwama-bumps, amasondo axhunywe ngokuqinile komunye nomunye awanikezi ukuhamba okubushelelezi kwemoto (isondo elilodwa ligijima ku-hillock futhi lishintsha ukuthambekela kwayo yonke i-axle) . Ezimotweni zesimanje, i-suspension yangaphambili encike ngokugcwele isivele ilahliwe. Esikhundleni salokho, ukumiswa kohlobo lwe-MacPherson kufakwa.

Isakhiwo esincikile sifakwe ngokukhethekile ku-ekseli engemuva, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-ekseli yokushayela noma eshayelwa. Uma lokhu kuyi-axle yokushayela, khona-ke imelelwa i-axle yangemuva, ehlinzeka ngoxhumano oluqinile kuwo womabili amasondo. I-axle eshayelwayo isebenzisa ugongolo oluphambanayo noma ibha ye-torsion.

Ukumiswa okuzimele

Kulokhu, amasondo agibele i-axle awaxhumene ngokuqinile komunye nomunye, ngakho-ke isikhundla sawo esihlobene nendawo evundlile asithinti omunye nomunye. Ukuqinisekisa ukudonsa okuphezulu, i-stabilizer eguquguqukayo ifakwe ekumisweni okunjalo.

Lolu hlobo lokumiswa, naphezu komklamo oyinkimbinkimbi, lunikeza induduzo eyengeziwe futhi lunesisindo esincane uma kuqhathaniswa nokumiswa okuncikile. Ngenxa yalokhu, izimoto zanamuhla ziba namandla futhi zikhululekile ngangokunokwenzeka. Ububi buhlanganisa isidingo sokuhlala ulungisa ukuqondanisa.

Ukuhlukaniswa

Njengoba sike saxoxa, i-chassis emotweni iyadingeka ngezinhloso ezilandelayo:

1. Qinisekisa ukuhamba kwemoto ngokudlulisa i-torque kusuka kuyunithi yamandla iye ekudlulisweni bese iya kumasondo;
2. Nciphisa imithwalo eza ngenqubo yokuhambisa umshini phezu kwamaqhubu. Ngenxa yalokhu, injini noma ezinye izinto ezibalulekile zezokuthutha azihlushwa ukuzamazama njalo;
3. Nikeza ukunyakaza okuqondile, ukuhambisa, ukusheshisa noma ukwehlisa ijubane, kanye nokuma okuphelele ngokupaka okulandelayo kwaso sonke isakhiwo semoto.

Ngokuya ngohlobo lwemoto eqhutshwa phansi, kunezinhlobo ezilandelayo ze-chassis:

• Izithuthi - kuncike ezimotweni, emalolini, kuma-trailer nakuma-trail-semi;
• Ugandaganda - njengoba igama liphakamisa, le chassis isetshenziswa ogandaganda. Kungalandelelwa noma kuhanjiswe amasondo;
• Isithuthuthu - esisetshenziselwa ukuhlangana kwezithuthuthu, ama-scooter, ama-tricycle, ama-quads;
• Okokusebenza okukhethekile. Idizayini ingaba zombili ezizihambisayo nezingazenzeli. Izinhlobo ezizihambisayo zingasebenzisa amathrekhi noma amasondo;
• Isitimela - ngesisekelo se-chassis enjalo, ezokuthutha zenzelwe ukunyakaza kojantshi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izitimela, izitimela zikagesi, izitimela, ama-trams, njalonjalo;
• Imoto yethrafikhi yonke - yize i-chassis enjalo isetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa izimoto, ukwakheka kwayo kufaka izici zokuhamba komhlaba namanzi, ngenxa yokuthi i- "amphibian" ikwazi ukuhamba ngokulingana ngokulinganayo, emhlabathini nasemanzini. Lesi sigaba asifaki i-hovercraft. Lokhu sekuvele kunguhlobo lokuthuthwa kwamanzi.

Zonke lezi zinhlobo ze-chassis nazo zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezilandelayo:

• Ukwakhiwa kohlaka. Kubukeka njengeziteshi zensimbi ezishiselwe lapho zonke izinqubo nezinhlangano zemoto zilungisiwe. Amaloli nama-SUV amaningi agcwele enziwa ngalolu hlobo lwe-chassis. Phambilini, izimoto zabagibeli nazo bezisuselwa enqoleni enjalo, kodwa ngenxa yesisindo esikhulu, isakhiwo besidinga ukufakwa kwamandla kagesi anamandla.
• Umzimba othwala imithwalo. Ngokuyinhloko, lolu hlobo lwe-chassis lusetshenziswa ezimotweni ezilula. I-subframe ingasetshenziswa enqoleni enjalo, kepha kukhona nezimoto ezingenayo le nto.
• Idizayini ezizihambelayo. Lokhu ukuguqulwa kuhlanganisa imishini ekhethekile kuphela. Inqola iqukethe amayunithi ayisisekelo ayivumela ukuthi ihambe ngokuzimela. Ihlinzeka isihlalo somqhubi. Lesi sigaba se-chassis sivame ukusetshenziselwa izakhiwo zamasosha ukuhambisa imishini yezempi, kanye nezinkampani ezinkulu zokwakha.
• Uzimele ukwakhiwa kwezithuthuthu. Lolu hlobo lwe-chassis lusetshenziselwa ukwakha izimoto zezithuthuthu. Kukhona nohlobo lwemoto yezemidlalo, i- "Buggy", nayo esuselwa ohlakeni olwenziwe ngamapayipi ashiselwe (ukwenza lula ukwakhiwa).

I-chassis yamaloli

Izinketho eziningana ze-chassis zenzelwe amaloli. Inqola enjalo ihlala isuselwa ohlakeni. Ngokuya ngemodeli, i-chassis yemoto ingamelwa ngamathrekhi noma ngamasondo. Izinketho ezihlanganisiwe azivamile kakhulu: ingxenye yokuqondisa ingamasondo, kanti ingxenye ehamba phambili ngamacimbi.

Ngokuya ngenhloso yemoto, kungafakwa umzimba, idokodo, ithangi, i-manipulator, i-mixer kakhonkolo, imbeleko nokunye. Iloli chassis ihlukaniswa ngokuya nge:

• Inani lamazembe okungenani amabili futhi okungenani amane;
• Amandla wokuthwala - amathani amancane, aphakathi noma asindayo;
• Ifomula yamasondo - inani lamasondo afakwe kutrolley. Bangaba abangashadile noma abaphindwe kabili.

Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi amaloli amaningi asuselwa ohlakeni lwe-classic, kukhona namamodeli anomzimba we-monocoque. Kepha lolu hlobo lwemoto alusebenzi kangako ekuthwaleni imithwalo ehloniphekile.

Isibonelo, nangu ukubuka konke kweloli eliyi-axle ezine uKenworth W900, elisuselwa kuhlobo lwe-chassis yohlaka:

UHandsome Kenworth W900 ngama-230 ayizinkulungwane ezingama- $

Izici ezinomthelela ekushintsheni ekwakhiweni kwesisu semoto

Selokhu kwethulwe izimoto zokuqala ezisebenza nge-chassis, i-bogie ibilokhu iqhubeka nesimanje. Ezimotweni zokuqala, ukunakekelwa kwaklanywa kuqala, ukuze kusetshenziswe amandla kagesi angenamandla kangako, kepha ngasikhathi sinye ukuguquguquka kwesithuthi akuzange kulahleke.

Amasondo okuqala ayenziwe ngokhuni. Ukwenza kube lula, kwenziwa izimbobo kuzo. Kusukela kwasungulwa i-analog yensimbi ekhulunywayo, yathunyelwa ngokushesha ezimotweni. Njengoba isivinini izimoto ebesingafinyelela kuso sanda, badinga ukumiswa okusebenza kahle. Ngalesi sizathu, onjiniyela baqala ukusungula izinhlelo ezizinzile nezisebenza kahle. Futhi ukwahlulela ngeqiniso lokuthi ubuchwepheshe obusha buvela (ngokwesibonelo, ama-magnetic shock absorbers, achaziwe lapha), umsebenzi wokuthuthukisa i-chassis awuyeki.

Ngokuya ngohlobo lwe-bogie, ingasebenzisa izinto ezingasindi, ngokwesibonelo, umzimba ohlanganisiwe we-monocoque, kepha ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha, bonke abakhiqizi bezimoto abakasheshi ukuyeka ukusetshenziswa kwezakhi zensimbi. Lapho ukusetshenziswa kwezinye izinto zokwakha, ezinjengezinhlanganisela noma ama-nano-materials, kuyafaneleka kwezomnotho (namuhla lezo zimoto zibiza ngokusobala kumthengi ojwayelekile), kungenzeka ukuthi abenzi bezimoto bazolungisa kancane kancane imigqa yokukhiqiza yokwenziwa kwalolu hlobo lwe-chassis.

Ukungasebenzi kahle kweChassis

Uma kutholwa imisindo engavamile lapho usuka kwelinye igiya uye kwelinye, lokhu kuwuphawu lokungasebenzi kahle kwe-chassis. Enye yezinkinga ezivame kakhulu ukuthi nini imoto iholela eceleni, kwesokudla noma kwesobunxele.

Lokhu kwenzeka ngezizathu eziningana:

• i-geometry yamasondo angaphambili aphukile,
• ukucindezela okwandayo kwesondo,
• izigaxa ezikhubazekile,
• umehluko omkhulu ku- ukugqoka isondo,
• ukwephula ukufana phakathi kwama-asi ama-ekseli angemuva nangaphambili.

Lezi zinkinga zingaholela ekulimaleni kwezinto ezithinta ukushaqeka, okuholela ekuqhekekeni kwemithombo noma omunye umonakalo ekumisweni. Uma kusolwa umonakalo ku-chassis, umshayeli kufanele abheke ukuthi akukho yini ukuvuza ku-chassis. Kungenzeka ukuthi amabhlogo athule akhululiwe, okuvame ukuholela ekulimaleni kwama-discs kanye nokungalingani kwamasondo angaphambili. I-creak lapho ibhuleka isignali yokungasebenzi kahle kwe-shock absorber, stabilizer noma izingxenye zezinto ezisekelayo. Uma okungenani kuvela izimpawu ezingenhla, kufanele uthathe isinyathelo ngokushesha futhi uxhumane nesevisi yemoto.

Futhi ungathola ukuthi yini i- INOMBOLO YEKHASISI: ITHOLAKALA KUPHI FUTHI IKHONZE NINI?

Izinzuzo nobubi be-chassis yemoto yaphansi

Ngokubheka ukuthi onjiniyela emhlabeni jikelele basebenze ekuthuthukiseni i-chassis yezimoto isikhathi esingaphezu kwekhulu, ezokuthutha zanamuhla zikhombisa ukuzinza okuphezulu, ukuthembeka, ukuphepha kanye nokunethezeka. Ngenxa yalokhu, wonke amayunithi nezinqubo ezifakwe emotweni noma ngesithuthuthu azihlushwa ukuqhaqhazela noma ukudlidliza kwemvelo. Impilo yokusebenza kwalezi zingxenye iyanda, okunomphumela omuhle ekuhloleni okuphelele kwemikhiqizo yanamuhla yama-automakers.

Futhi, i-chassis, esebenzisa umhlaba njenge-fulcrum, kunomoya noma amanzi, ivumela ukuhambisa imithwalo emikhulu ebangeni elifanele, ngenkathi isebenzisa inani eliphansi likaphethiloli (uma kuqhathaniswa nokuthuthwa komoya noma kwamanzi, okungathutha imithwalo efanayo).

Ngaphandle kokuthi izimoto zesimanje zisuselwa kumatroli anjalo ahlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuphepha, i-chassis yokuhamba phansi inezihibe zayo. Vele, ukushiyeka okuningi kwezinqola ezindala kuyalungiswa ngokufaka izinto ezintsha ezizinzile. Kepha ukungahambi kahle kwakho konke ukuguqulwa kokumiswa kwe-chassis phansi ukuthi lezo zimoto zingahamba kuphela emhlabeni.

Okuhlukile ngaphandle yizimoto ezihamba emanzini, kepha lobu buchwepheshe busetshenziswa kakhulu ezimotweni ezikhethekile, bese kuphela ezimweni zokusebenza okuncane (ngokwesibonelo, imoto yethrafikhi yonke ayisebenziseki ezindaweni zasemadolobheni). Ukuthuthwa komphakathi okwamanje akukwazi ukuziqhayisa ngokuguquguquka kwezinto, ubuntofontofo nokusebenza ngendlela efanayo, kokubili emhlabeni nasemanzini, ingasaphathwa eyemishini ekwazi ukundiza. Yize, ngokusho komkhakha wamafilimu, isintu maduze sizoyixazulula le nkinga (umkhumbi-ngwenya wake wabhekwa njengesithelo sefantasy yasendle yababhali bezinganekwane zesayensi).

Ividiyo ngesihloko

Sengiphetha, sinikeza inkulumo emfushane yevidiyo mayelana nesakhiwo esijwayelekile se-chassis yemoto:

Ukuhlelwa kwe-chassis okujwayelekile

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Yini i-chassis emotweni. Ngaphansi kwe-chassis yemoto kwakhiwe isakhiwo, esifaka ifreyimu (esikhundleni saso, ezimotweni eziningi zabagibeli, kusetshenziswa ingxenye esekelayo yomzimba), amayunithi wokudlulisa, izinto zesisu, ukumiswa, kanye nezindlela zokulawula (ukuqondisa). I-chassis yohlaka ingabhekwa njengomklamo ophelele, ngoba ingahamba ngokukhululeka kumathrekhi noma kumasondo.

Okufakiwe ku-chassis yemoto. Idizayini ye-chassis ifaka ifreyimu noma ingxenye esekelayo yomzimba, amasondo okuqondisa (izinduku, i-rack), ama-ekseli amasondo, imishayo enama-levers, amasondo ngokwawo, ama-axle shafts, i-cardan, i-gearbox, izinto zokumiswa.