Kuyini ukuhlangana kwebhola futhi kungalungiswa?

I-chassis nokumiswa kwemoto yesimanje kwenziwa ngezinto ezahlukahlukene, inhloso yazo ukunikeza ukunethezeka okuphezulu ngenkathi ushayela imoto, kanye nokunciphisa ukucindezeleka kwezinye izinto.

Ukuhlanganiswa kwebhola kungenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ekumisweni kwemoto. Cabanga ngenhloso yayo, idivaysi, amaphutha amakhulu kanye nezinketho zokufaka esikhundleni.

Kuyini ukuhlangana kwebhola

Igama lengxenye likhombisa ukuthi lisebenza njengokwesekwa. Kulokhu, izigaxa zamasondo ajikelezayo omshini nehabhu zihlala kuwo. Ngokuya ngemodeli yemoto, ukuhlangana kwebhola kuzoba nokwakheka okuguqulwe kancane, kepha ngokuyisisekelo konke kuyafana. Zisesimweni sebhola, esinophini wokuqinisa, obekwe esikhwameni sensimbi.

Kungani udinga ukuhlanganiswa kwebhola

Njengoba izingalo zokumiswa nezikhumulo zamasondo zihlala zihamba (ngaphandle kwalokhu, ukuhamba nokuthamba kohambo akunakwenzeka), intaba akufanele iphazamise ukunyakaza kwabo. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, ukuhamba kwalezi zingxenye kufanele kube semikhawulweni eqinile.

Inhloso yokuhlanganiswa kwebhola ukuvumela amasondo ukuba ajikeleze futhi ajike ngaphandle kwesithiyo, kepha ukuwavimba ukuthi ahambe ezihlangothini eziqondile (ukuhlinzeka amasondo ngokuma okuqondile).

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-hinge mount ayisetshenziswanga kuphela kule yunithi ukulungisa ihabhu nesigwedlo. Ingxenye efanayo itholakala kuma-steering, camber levers noma ezinye izinhlobo zezinciphisi ezishaqisayo (isib.

Umlando wokwakhiwa kwejoyinti lebhola

Ngaphambi kokusungulwa kwezinqubo zebhola, ama-pivots ayesetshenziswa ezimotweni. Lesi yisibopho esinenaliti noma i-roller bearing, enikeze amandla okuhamba ngamasondo angaphambili, kepha ukumiswa kwaziwa ngokuqina kwayo, ngoba ama-levers abengenakho ukudlala okukhululekile njengakwezimoto zesimanje.

Kwakukhona izindlela ezahlukahlukene, ezibandakanya izinduku eziningana ezinamabheringi, okwenza ukumiswa kuthambe. Kodwa ukwakhiwa kwamayunithi anjalo kwakunzima, futhi ukulungiswa kwawo kwakunzima kakhulu. Imbangela enkulu yokwehluleka ukulahleka kwegrisi kuma-bearings.

Ngasekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1950, kwavela intuthuko entsha eyenza lo mhlangano waba lula ngangokunokwenzeka. Lawa kwakungamalunga ebhola. Ngenxa yomklamo olula, ukugcinwa kwabo kwenziwa lula ngangokunokwenzeka, kepha ngasikhathi sinye ingxenye yanikeza inkululeko eningi esondweni elijikelezayo - ukuhamba ngesikhathi sokuminyanisa nokubuyela emuva kokumiswa, kanye nokujikeleza kwesibhakela lapho ihabhu lilungisiwe.

Ngemuva kweminyaka eyishumi kuphela, le ngxenye yaqala ukusetshenziswa ezimotweni eziningi zabagibeli, naphakathi kweminyaka yama-60s. ama-pivots ahlala ikakhulu emalolini nasezimotweni ezingekho emigwaqweni.

Idivayisi ehlangene yeBhola

Amajoyinti ebhola lokuqala ayenezingxenye ezimbili, ezahlanganiswa ngokushisela. Ukwenza ingxenye ihlale isikhathi eside, ekuqaleni yayisebenziseka. Lokho wukuthi, bekufanele ithanjiswe, ngoba iphini kanye nentwasahlobo ngaphakathi kwecala kubhekene nomthwalo omkhulu. Ukuthuthuka okuncane kamuva kwalahleka entwasahlobo ngepuleti lokucindezela, futhi esikhundleni salokho idizayini yathola umkhono wepulasitiki.

Namuhla, imishini isebenzisa ukuguqulwa okungenakho ukunakekelwa okunesakhiwo esifana nalesi esishiwo ngenhla. Umehluko kuphela ukuthi kusetshenziswa into ehlala isikhathi eside esikhundleni sepulasitiki.

Idivayisi yokwesekwa okunjalo ifaka phakathi:

• Kokuzihlanganisa steel steel;
• Umunwe okhomba ibhola ofanela emzimbeni;
• Umugqa wenayiloni ovimbela izingxenye zensimbi ukuthi zingathintani;
• Ingxenye yonke iboshwe ebhuthini.

Ekwenziweni kwalezi zakhi, ubuchwepheshe obukhethekile bokufaka isitampu busetshenziswa, ngenxa yokuthi ingxenye encane iyakwazi ukumelana nemithwalo emikhulu yemishini nokushisa.

Akuvamile ukuthi abakhiqizi bezingxenye zezimoto basebenzise umhlangano webhola nge-lever, osiza inqubo yokulungisa imoto. Vele, kuleli cala, inqubo izobiza kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nenqubo ejwayelekile ye-hinge. Ngaphezu kwezindleko zomnyango uqobo, kuzofanele ukhokhele sonke isigwedlo.

Inombolo yamalungu ebhola ekumisweni

Ngokuya ngohlobo lwemoto (imoto yomgibeli noma i-SUV), inani lamalungu ebhola lingahluka. Isibonelo, emotweni yabagibeli yakudala enokumiswa okujwayelekile, kufakwa amalunga amabili ebhola - elilodwa ngesondo.

Kwamanye ama-SUV, ama-support amabili afakwa esondweni ngalinye ku-suspension yangaphambili (eyodwa phezulu nenye phansi). Kuyivelakancane kakhulu ukusebenzisa imiklamo yokumiswa esebenzisa amalunga amathathu ebhola isondo ngalinye. Ku-suspension ye-multi-link ezimele, ijoyinti yebhola ivamise ukufakwa nasesondweni elingemuva.

Ukusekela okunjalo kakhulu esakhiweni, kulula ukukwazi ukumelana nemithwalo enzima. Kodwa ngasikhathi sinye, ngokwanda kwenani lezingxenye esakhiweni, inani lama-node angahle aqhekeke nawo ayanda. Futhi, ukwanda kwenani lamalungu ebhola kwenza inqubo yokuxilonga yokumiswa ibe nzima kakhulu, futhi ukuyilungisa kubiza kakhulu.

Ungahlola kanjani ukuhlangana kwebhola

Ngaphandle kokuthi ibhola lenziwe ngezinto ezivumela ukuthi ingxenye isetshenziswe isikhathi eside, kusalokhu kungasebenziseki. Ngalesi sizathu, ukuxilongwa kokumiswa okujwayelekile kuyadingeka.

Ukuhlolwa kwebhola kwenziwa ezindaweni ezikhethekile. Kulokhu, kulula ukubona ukungasebenzi kahle kweyunithi ethile kunokuhlolwa okubukwayo. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlangana kwebhola nakho kungahlolwa ekhaya.

Nazi ezinye izindlela:

• Iveza umsindo. Lapho injini icishiwe, gungqisa umshini ngapha nangapha. Kuleli qophelo, kufanele ulalele uma ukumiswa kukuchofoza noma kungqongqoza. Ngale ndlela, kufanele ufune usizo lwangaphandle. Uma ukutholwa kwengxenye ethile kutholakele, kufanele kushintshwe;
• Amasondo agingqikayo. Kulokhu, futhi awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kosizo. Izimoto ziboshelwe phezulu noma ziphakanyiswa kulayini. Umuntu oyedwa ungaphakathi emotweni futhi ubambe iphedali yebhuleki. Elinye linyakazisa isondo ngalinye ngakunye. Uma kukhona ukubuyela emuva, khona-ke ibhola kufanele lithathelwe indawo.

Izimpawu zokungasebenzi kahle kwamajoyinti ebhola

Ukuhlangana kwebhola okungasebenzi kahle kwandisa ubungozi besimo esiphuthumayo. Alikho izinga elilodwa lokuthi ingxenye enikeziwe kufanele ihlale isikhathi esingakanani. Kwezinye izinhlobo zezimoto, insiza yayo ingaba cishe ngamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-150. Ngalesi sizathu, uhlelo lokushintshwa kumele lucaciswe kumanuwali yokusebenza kwemoto.

Le nto yokumiswa kwemoto yehla kakhulu kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kwandulelwa ezinye izimpawu:

• Imisindo yokumiswa lapho ushayela kancane phezu kwezingqinamba - imigodi noma amaqhubu wejubane. Le misindo ivela ngaphambili emotweni;
• Ngesikhathi sokuhamba, isondo lishintshela ezinhlangothini. Lokhu kungenxa yokubuyela emuva ekusekelweni. Akunakwenzeka ukungazinaki uphawu olunjalo, ngoba ngaphansi komthwalo, ingxenye ingaqhuma futhi isondo lizovela. Isimo esiyingozi kakhulu yilapho lokhu kwenzeka lapho kuweleka ujantshi, ngakho-ke, uma kwenzeka kuba nokuhlehlela emuva, ibhola kufanele lithathelwe indawo ngokushesha okukhulu;
• Ukugqoka okungalingani emasondweni amasondo angaphambili (kuchazwa izinhlobo ezahlukene zokugqoka zenjoloba ngokubuyekezwa okuhlukile);
• Lapho uvula amasondo, kuzwakala i-creak (ukudilika ngesikhathi sokunyakaza kukhombisa ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-CV)

Izizathu zokuhluleka kwejoyinti lebhola

Yize le ngxenye ihlala isikhathi eside ngokwengeziwe uma iqhathaniswa nama-pivots, amandla afanayo asasebenza kuyo. Noma iyiphi indlela yokusebenza ngokushesha noma kamuva iwela ekungahambini kahle, futhi ezinye izinto ziyasheshisa le nqubo. Nazi ezinye zazo:

• Ibhuthi lidabukile. Ngenxa yalokhu, umswakama, isihlabathi nezinye izinto ezihluphayo zingena emhlanganweni. Uma wenza ukuhlolwa kokubukwa ngezikhathi ezithile, le nkinga ingabonakala kusenesikhathi futhi ivimbele ukulungiswa kwangaphambi kweyunithi;
• Ukushayela umgwaqo ongekho emgwaqeni noma emigwaqeni engakhiwanga kahle. Kulokhu, ukuhlangana kwebhola kungenzeka ukuthi kutholakale ukucindezeleka okukhulu. Ngalesi sizathu, kufanele iguqulwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi kunalokho okukhonjiswa ngumenzi;
• Ukugcoba okungakafiki kwezingxenye ezisetshenzisiwe;
• Iphini yokuqinisa ifakiwe. Lokhu kuholela ekwandeni kokudlala, futhi umunwe umane uphume ngaphandle kwesokhethi.

Ukubuyiselwa kokuhlangana kwebhola

Ngokuchichima kokuhlanganisa amabhola ebhajethi emakethe, kulula kubashayeli abaningi ukuthenga ingxenye entsha bese bebuyisela ehlulekile. Ezimweni ezimbi zomgwaqo, i-valve yebhola isebenza cishe amakhilomitha angu-30, ngakho abaningi babheka le ngxenye njengento esebenzisekayo.

Kodwa-ke, uma uthanda, ukuhlanganiswa kwebhola kungabuyiselwa. Ngokuyisisekelo, i-liner ne-anther kuphela eguga kuyo, futhi izakhi zensimbi zihlala zinjalo. Ngaphandle kwalezo zimo lapho umshayeli ekushaya indiva ukungqongqoza kwe-suspension isikhathi eside.

Inqubo yokubuyisela ibhola imi kanje:

• Ingxenye ephukile iyasuswa.
• Ukusekelwa kuyahlakazeka (kukhathaza izingxenye ezigoqekayo) - izindandatho ku-anther azihlanjululwa, ziyasuswa, umunwe ususiwe, i-lubricant kanye ne-liner iyashintshwa. Ungasebenzisi amafutha e-graphite.
• Uma ingxenye ingakwazi ukuhlakazwa, khona-ke imbobo enkulu ibhotshwa engxenyeni engezansi futhi kwenziwa intambo kuyo. I-liner ikhishwa ngalo mgodi, i-liner entsha ifakwe ngendlela efanayo, amafutha agcwaliswa futhi imbobo iboshwe ngepulaki yensimbi elungiselelwe kusengaphambili.

Kunzima kakhulu ukubuyisela izisekelo ezingasuswanga kuma-levers. Kulesi simo, inqubo iyinkinga, ngakho-ke kulula ukuthenga ingxenye entsha. Ukuze ubuyisele ibhola elinjalo, udinga imishini ekhethekile kanye ne-fluoroplastic (i-polymer, ngemva kokushisa kuya kuma-degree angu-200, iphonswa engxenyeni ngembobo ebhoboziwe).

Indlela yokwelula impilo yamalunga ebhola

Ngeshwa, akuwona wonke umkhiqizi wamalunga ebhola osebenzisa ukuthambisa okwanele, yingakho le ngxenye ihluleka ngokushesha. Ikakhulukazi impilo yokusebenza yezingxenye ezinjalo incike esimweni se-anthers. Inani elincane lokuthambisa ligezwa ngokushesha futhi i-ball bear iyaguga.

Uma umnikazi wemoto efuna ukwandisa insiza yokuhlanganisa amabhola (okufanayo kusebenza emaphethelweni enduku yokubopha), angakwazi ukugcwalisa inani lokugcoba ngezikhathi ezithile. Yiqiniso, uma ukuklama kwebhola kuvumela lokhu ukuthi kungenzeka (kukhona i-grease ingono ngezansi ye-grease fitting noma isibhamu sokugcoba), lokhu kulula kakhulu ukukwenza. Inqubo yokugcwalisa imi kanje.

I-plug bolt ayikulungi futhi ingono ifakwe phakathi. I-Lubricant ifakwa kusirinji yokufaka amafutha (kungcono ukusebenzisa into kumajoyinti e-CV, njengoba le nto yokuthambisa imelana kakhulu nezinga lokushisa namanzi). Into esemqoka ukungafaki amafutha amaningi. Uma kungenjalo, i-anther izovuvuka futhi iphuke ngesikhathi sokugibela.

Indlela yokukhetha i-ball joint

Ukukhethwa kokuhlanganiswa kwebhola okusha kwenziwa ngendlela efanayo nokukhethwa kwezinye izingxenye. Okokuqala udinga ukukhumbula ukuthi amalunga ebhola angaphezulu naphansi (uma ukwakheka kokumiswa kunezisekelo ezinjalo) aziguquki. Ngamunye wabo uklanyelwe imithwalo ehlukene, futhi uhluke ngandlela-thile ekuklanyeni.

Kulula ukuthola ikhithi yemodeli ethile yemoto kunokubheka izingxenye ngazinye. Kulula ukukhetha inhlanganisela yebhola entsha ngokusho kokwakheka kanye nemodeli yemoto. Uma imoto isebenza, isibonelo, i-classic yasekhaya, izingxenye ezinjalo zizotholakala cishe kunoma yisiphi isitolo sezingxenye zezimoto.

Uma imodeli ingavamile, futhi ukuhlanganiswa kwayo kwebhola kunomklamo okhethekile, ngakho-ke kungcono ukucinga ngenombolo yengxenye (ngokuvamile kukhona okuqoshiwe kwale nombolo kuma-anther of the joints ball, kodwa ukuyibona, udinga. ukuqaqa ingxenye). Ubunzima bosesho olunjalo ukuthi udinga ukwazi noma ukuthola inombolo yekhathalogi edingekayo. Enye indlela ethembekile iwukubheka inhlanganisela yebhola ngekhodi ye-VIN.

Indlela elula ukuthenga ingxenye yokuqala. Kodwa izinketho ezinhle nazo zitholakala kwabanye abakhiqizi noma ezinkampanini zokupakisha. Phakathi kwemikhiqizo enjalo (ngokuphathelene nama-ball joints) yi-CTR yaseNingizimu Korea, i-German Lemfoerder, i-American Delphi ne-Japanese 555. Ngokuqondene nenkampani yokugcina, imikhiqizo engamanga ngaphansi kwegama lalo mkhiqizo ivame ukutholakala emakethe.

Uma inikezwa izinketho zesabelomali, khona-ke imininingwane evela kubapakishi ifanelwe ukunakwa, kuphela kulokhu kungcono ukukhetha amafemu aseYurophu, hhayi amaTurkey noma aseTaiwan.

Isibonelo sokushintsha ijoyinti lebhola

Umthetho oyisisekelo wokushintsha ama-valve ebhola ukushintsha ikhithi, hhayi ngakunye. Lokhu kusebenza kuwo wonke amamodeli ezimoto. Umsebenzi wenziwa ngokulandelana okulandelayo:

• Umshini uphakanyiswa ku-jack noma ku-lift;
• Amabhawodi we-lever aqinisiwe (awudingi ukwenza umzamo futhi usebenzise i-VD-40, ngoba intambo ivame ukunamathela). Azisusulwanga ngokuphelele;
• Ibhawodi elilungisa ibhola alikhishiwe;
• Ukusekelwa kucindezelwa ngaphandle kwesibhakela sehabhu kusetshenziswa ithuluzi elikhethekile, kepha uma lungekho, khona-ke isando nesisi kuzosiza ngokuphelele;
• Lapho ibhola linqanyuliwe esibhakeleni, ekugcineni ungasikhipha isibambo;
• Ngenkathi i-lever inqanyuliwe, naka amabhulokhi athule (mayelana nokuthi ayini nokuthi kungani uwaguqula, utshele ngokwehlukana);
• Esigungwini, ihenjisi lilungiswa ngendandatho yokugcina, futhi kufakwa ibhuthi ngaphezulu. Lezi zingxenye ziyasuswa bese ibhola likhishwa esihlalweni;
• Ukusekelwa okusha kucindezelwe ku-lever, kulungiswe ngendandatho yokugcina, kufakwe i-lubricated bese kufakwa ibhuthi;
• Isigwedlo sixhunywe kwi-subframe futhi amabhawodi aboshiwe, kepha aqinisiwe ngokuphelele (ukuze ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kube lula ukukhipha imishudo, i-nigrol isetshenziswa entanjeni);
• Umunwe wokusekelwa okusha uqondiswe kokunamathiselwe kwesibhakela (udinga ukwenza umzamo walokhu);
• Ibhawodi yokusekelwa iqiniswe kuze kube sekugcineni;
• Imoto yehlisiwe futhi izibopho ze-lever ziyaqiniswa ngaphansi kwesisindo sayo.

Inqubo iyaphindwa ngakolunye uhlangothi lomshini.

Nayi ividiyo emfushane yokuthi inqubo yenziwa kanjani ngokubukeka:

Ukushintshwa kwebhola okulula. # ukulungisa imoto "Igaraji No. 6"

Amathiphu wenkonzo awusizo

Ukugwema ukuwohloka nokulungiswa okuphuthumayo kwenhlanganisela yebhola, kufanele kuhlolwe iyunithi encane ngezikhathi ezithile phakathi kwezinsuku zokulungiswa ezihleliwe. Kuleli qophelo, okokuqala, kwenziwa ukubonwa okubonakalayo kwama-anthers, ngoba lapho ephuka, ingxenye ilahlekelwa ukuthambisa kwayo nezinhlamvu zesihlabathi zingena ebholeni, kusheshiswe ukugqokwa kwento leyo.

Ngaphambili, sesicubungule indlela eyodwa ekuvumela ukuthi unqume ukugqokwa komnyango - ukugoqa isondo elilungiswe ngamabhuleki. Njengoba ingxenye iningi layo lingenakondliwa, uma kutholakala amaphutha, limane lifakwe elisha.

Umshayeli angakugcina ukumiswa, kufaka phakathi ukwesekwa, uma ekhetha izingxenye ezingaphezulu noma ezingaphansi zomgwaqo (ukweqa izimbobo) futhi agweme ukushayela ngokushesha emgwaqeni. Futhi, abashayeli abaningi benza iphutha elilodwa lapho begijima phezu kweqhubu lesivinini. Babamba ibhuleki kuze kube yilapho ngaphambili emotweni kugijima isithiyo. Eqinisweni, ibhuleki kufanele ikhishwe ngaphambi kokuthi isondo lishaye isithiyo. Lokhu kuvimbela ukuthi umshayeli ashaye kanzima ukumiswa.

Eqinisweni, ibhola liyingxenye eqinile impela. Uma usebenzisa imoto ngokucophelela, ingxenye izohlala ingashintshi kuso sonke isikhathi esibekwe ngumenzi.

isiphetho

Ngakho-ke, ngaphandle kokuhlanganiswa kwebhola, ukumiswa kwemoto bekungeke kukwazi ukubhekana nomsebenzi wayo ngendlela efanele. Ngeke kwenzeke ukushayela ngokuphepha nangokunethezeka emotweni enjalo. Udinga ukukhumbula ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu ezibonisa ukwehluleka kwale ngxenye. Lapho isigugile, ingxenye ivame ukushintshwa ngentsha, kodwa uma ifunwa futhi inesikhathi esanele, ibhola lingabuyiselwa. Lapho kukhethwa ibhola elisha, okuthandwayo kufanele kunikezwe emikhiqizweni yokuqala noma imikhiqizo eyaziwayo.

Ividiyo ngesihloko

Ekupheleni kokubuyekezwa kwethu, siphakamisa ukubuka ividiyo yokuthi i-joint yebhola esetshenziswayo iziphatha kanjani:

Ukuxilongwa kwe-Ball joint: isibonelo se-lever esebenzayo.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Wazi kanjani uma sekuyisikhathi sokushintsha amalunga ebhola? Kuyafaneleka ukunaka i-joint yebhola uma isondo lingqongqoza ngenkathi imoto ihamba, ukunyathela kwesondo kuguga ngendlela engalingani, kuzwakala i-creak uma ijika, imoto idonselwa eceleni uma ibhuleka.

Kuyini ukuhlangana kwebhola emotweni? Lena i-pivot evikela ihabhu lesondo engalweni elengayo. Le ngxenye ivimbela isondo ekuhambeni endizeni eqondile futhi inikeza inkululeko ekumeni.

Kungani ijoyinti lebhola liphuka? Ukuphuka kwebhuthi, ukugqoka ngenxa yemithwalo eningi lapho ushayela ngaphandle komgwaqo, ukungabi khona kwe-lubricant, ukukhuphuka kweminwe ngenxa yokugqoka kwemvelo.