Rolls Royce

Okuqukethwe UmsunguliEmblemUmlando wezimoto ezine-Rolls Royce ngokushesha sibona ngokuhlanganyela imiqondo yento ewubukhazikhazi nobukhazikhazi. Izimoto zaseBrithani ezinokuhluka okuthile azivamile ukubonakala emigwaqeni. IRolls Royce Motor Cars yinkampani yezimoto zikanokusho yaseBrithani enekomkhulu eGoodwood. Umlando wokuvela kwezimoto zikanokusho zakwamanye amazwe uhlehlela emuva ngo-1904, lapho abangane ababili baseBrithani abanomqondo ofanayo bevumelana ngomqondo wokukhiqiza imoto ewubukhazikhazi enokwethenjelwa, kwakunguFrederick-Henry Royce noCharles Rolls. Isizinda sokusebenzisana silele ekungagculiseki kwemoto ethengiwe noRoyce, obenekhwalithi nomklamo omuhle wemoto. Ngokushesha waqhamuka necebo lokuzakhela eyakhe iphrojekthi, futhi ngemva kokuklama imoto yakhe yokuqala, wayidayisela unjiniyela uStripe, owabhekisisa umsebenzi wakhe. Imodeli eyakhiwe nguReuss ngo-1904 yaba imoto yokuqala yenkampani. Kwaqala kanjalo-ke ubambiswano lokwakha inkampani edumile. Okugqamayo ngale nkampani ukuthi kuze kube yimanje zonke izimoto zihlanganiswa ngezandla. Ukuphela kwenqubo yokwenza imishini yenzeka ekupendeni imoto ngezingqimba eziyi-12 zopende. Isikhathi esifushane ngemva kokusungulwa kwebhizinisi, eminyakeni embalwa ngo-1906, izimoto eziningana zase zikhiqizwa ngamayunithi amandla 2, 4, 6 ngisho 8 amasilinda (kodwa ikakhulukazi injini ezimbili-cylinder. Lawa amamodeli we-12/15/20/30 PS). Amamodeli avele anqoba imakethe futhi ayedingeka, njengoba inkampani yayiqondiswa izimiso ezimbalwa ezibalulekile lapho idala, njengokwethembeka, ikhwalithi, nendlela ekhuthele yokusebenza. Yilokhu uRoyce azama ukukufaka ekhanda lomsebenzi ngamunye, ngoba ngaphandle kwalokhu ngeke kube nomphumela ophezulu. Ngesikhathi sempi, inkampani iphinde yakhiqiza izimoto zamasosha. URolls Royce naye ubedumile emjahweni, ewina nemiklomelo. Ubuholi bokuqala budalwa yimoto yezemidlalo yango-1996 eyayibambe iqhaza emjahweni weTourist Trophy. Lokhu kulandelwe yiphethini yokuwina imiklomelo ngenxa yezimoto ezikhiqizwe ngesisekelo seRoyce Prototype. Inqwaba yokunethezeka inikezwe imodeli yePanthom, ethuthukisiwe izikhathi eziningana. Yayidingeka kakhulu futhi isikhathi esifushane kwakhiqizwa amamodeli angaphezu kuka-2000. Ngo-1931, inkampani ithatha i-Bentley ebabazekayo, esengozini yokuqothuka. Ngaleso sikhathi kwakungenye yezimbangi ezibaluleke kakhulu zeRolls Royce, njengoba iBentley ikhiqiza izimoto zekhwalithi efanayo futhi yayinedumela elinamandla emakethe. Phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili, inkampani yandisa imininingwane yayo ekukhiqizweni kwezinjini zezindiza zempi futhi yenza intuthuko ngokudalwa kwe-RR Merlin enamandla ombani. Lolu phiko lwamandla lwalusetshenziswa cishe kuzo zonke izindiza zempi. Izimoto zakwaRoll Royce zifunwa kakhulu phakathi kwezikhulu nezicebi. Cishe isigamu sekhulu leminyaka, inkampani yakhula ngokushesha ngaphandle kokuyeka ukumangala ngokunethezeka ekhiqizwayo, kodwa ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-60 isimo sasingakashintshi sibe ngcono. Enye inkinga kanye noshintsho kumaqhinga ezomnotho, amaphrojekthi amaningana abizayo amakhulu, ukuthuthukiswa kweyunithi yamandla endiza kanye nemalimboleko - konke kuthinte kakhulu inhlalakahle yezezimali yenkampani, kuze kube sekuqoqweni. Ukuvalwa akuzange kuvunyelwe futhi inkampani yahlengwa nguhulumeni, okhokhele iningi lezikweletu ezibalulekile. Lokhu kufakazela kuphela ukuthi uRolls Royce usezuze ifa nesithunzi esihlonishwayo hhayi ezimakethe kuphela, kodwa nakuleli. Kwathi ngo-1997 lo mkhiqizo watholwa ngabakwaBMW, okwakungenye yeziningi ezazisohlwini lokuthenga iRolls Royce. UBentley uthole iVolkswagen. Umnikazi omusha womkhiqizo usethe ukukhiqiza ngokushesha ngaphandle kokuthinta ikakhulukazi bonke ubuchwepheshe nezindlela zeRoll Royce. Umkhiqizo odumile usabhekwa njengongenakuqhathaniswa kuze kube yilolu suku. Ukunethezeka nobukhazikhazi bezimoto ezikhiqiziwe kuwukufaneleka okukhulu kwabasunguli bazo. Le nkampani inamaphuzu angaphezu kwekhulu okudayiswa emhlabeni jikelele, futhi ukuvelela kwayo kanye nokugqama kwayo kwenza wonke umuntu afise ukuba ngabanikazi bemoto iRolls Royce. Umsunguli Abasunguli bangonjiniyela ababili baseBrithani abanekhono, uFrederick Henry Royce noCharles Rolls. UFrederick Henry Royce wazalwa entwasahlobo ka-1963 emndenini omkhulu we-miller e-UK. UHenry waya esikoleni eLondon, kodwa wachitha unyaka lapho. Umndeni wawumpofu, unezinkinga zezimali futhi ukushona kukayise kwashukumisela uHenry ukuba ashiye isikole futhi athathe umsebenzi wokuba u-paperboy. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngosizo lwezihlobo, uHenry wathola umsebenzi wokufunda eshabhu. Wabe esesebenza enkampanini kagesi eLondon, kamuva waba uchwepheshe kagesi eLiverpool. Kusukela ngo-1894, kanye nomngane wakhe, wahlela ibhizinisi elincane elikhiqiza izinto zikagesi. Ukwenyuka ezinyathelweni ezincane zesitebhisi sakhe somsebenzi - uRoyce uhlela inkampani yokukhiqiza ama-cranes. 1901 - inguquko eyaba nomthelela omuhle empilweni yakhe yonke, uHenry wathenga umshini owasungulwa eFrance. Kodwa ngokushesha wadumala kakhulu emotweni iyonke futhi wanquma ukudala eyakhe. Ngo-1904 wakha i-Rolls Royce yokuqala futhi wayithengisa kumlingani wesikhathi esizayo, i-Rolls. Ngawo lowo nyaka, kwahlelwa inkampani yodumo iRolls Royce. Ngemuva kwezinkinga zempilo nokusebenza okuhlehlisiwe, akakwazanga ukubamba iqhaza ekwakhiweni (kokuhlanganiswa) kwezimoto, kepha ubenakho ukulawula okuphelele kubadwebi abenze imidwebo futhi benza umsebenzi wokukhiqiza. UFrederick Henry Royce ushone entwasahlobo ka-1933 eWest Witterting eGreat Britain. Umsunguli wesibili, uCharles Stewart Rolls, wazalwa ehlobo lika-1877 emndenini omkhulu we-baron ecebile eLondon. Ngemuva kokuphothula esikoleni, wafundiswa eCambridge yodumo eneziqu zobunjiniyela. Kusukela ebuntwaneni, ubelokhu ekhangwa izimoto. Ubengomunye wabashayeli abahamba phambili eWales. Ngo-1896 wathenga imoto yakhe. Ngo-1903, irekhodi lejubane lezwe lika-93 mph labekwa. Wakha nebhizinisi elithengisa izimoto zemikhiqizo yaseFrance. IRolls Royce yasungulwa ngo-1904. Ngaphezu kwe-motorsport kanye nemboni yezimoto, wayethanda amabhaluni nezindiza, okwaba umsebenzi wakhe wesibili wokuzilibazisa futhi waletha ukuthandwa (ngeshwa, hhayi kuphela ngendlela enhle). Ehlobo lika-1910, indiza kaRolls yaphuka emoyeni endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angu-6 futhi uCharles wafa. Uphawu "Umoya we-Ecstasy" (noma uMoya we-Extasy) - umfanekiso ohlanganisa lo mbono ku-hood yemoto.  Umnikazi wokuqala wemoto enalo mfanekiso kwakuyiNkosi ecebile uScott Montagu, owayala umngane womqophi ukuba enze umfanekiso osesimweni sowesifazane ondizayo. Imodeli yalesi sibalo kwakuyinkosikazi kaMontagu u-Eleanor. Lokhu kubahlabe umxhwele abasunguli bale nkampani base besebenzisa lesi sibonelo njengophawu lwemoto. Ngokubeka i-oda nomqophi ofanayo, babenombono ocishe ufane nemodeli efanayo edala i-Spirit of Extasy edumile - "intokazi endizayo". Kuwo wonke umlando, i-alloy kuphela lapho isifanekiso senziwe khona sishintshile, okwamanje senziwe ngensimbi engagqwali. Futhi ilogo yenkampani uqobo, njengoba kungenzima ukuqagela, ikhombisa ngohlamvu oluphindwe kabili lwesiNgisi u-R, olufaka uhlamvu lokuqala lwamagama abadali beRolls Royce. Umlando wezimoto Njengoba sekushiwo, i-Rolls Royce yokuqala yasungulwa ngo-1904. Kusukela ngonyaka ofanayo kuya ku-1906, inkampani ikhiqiza amamodeli 12/15/20/30 PS anamayunithi ahlukene wamandla esilinda ukusuka ku-2 kuya ku-8 cylinder. Imodeli engu-20 PS enenjini engu-20 hp enamasilinda amane ifanelwe ukuhlukaniswa okukhethekile. kanye nokuthatha indawo yesikhulumi ku-rally Tourist Trophy. Ngo-1907 iSilver Ghost yaqanjwa njengemoto ehamba phambili emhlabeni, ekuqaleni yaklanywa unyaka ngaphambili njenge-chassis yokuqala yenkampani engu-40/50 HP. Ngo-1925, iPhantom I yaqala ngenjini engu-7,6 litre. Inguqulo yesimanje, eqanjwe kabusha ye-Phantom II yakhululwa eminyakeni emine kamuva futhi yanikezwa ubuhle obukhethekile. Kamuva, kwakhululwa ezinye izizukulwane ezine zale modeli. Ngemuva kokutholwa kweBentley, iMK VI yaqala ngomzimba wensimbi oqinile. Ngo-1935 isizukulwane esisha iPanthom III sabona umhlaba unenjini enamandla eyi-12-cylinder. Esikhathini sangemva kwempi, isizukulwane seSiliva siyaqala. Kodwa i-Silver Wraith / Cloud - lezi zinhlobo ezimbili azizange zizuze inhlonipho efanele kanye nesidingo esikhethekile emakethe, esivumele inkampani ukuthi idale iphrojekthi yokufisa kakhulu ngokusekelwe kulawa mamodeli futhi yenze i-splash nge-Silver Shadow ekhishwe ngobuchwepheshe obuhle kakhulu. ukusebenza nokubukeka, ikakhulukazi umzimba othwala umthwalo . Ngokuya ngeShadow, okuguqukayo kweConiche kwasungulwa ngo-1971, okwakuyizibulo lenkampani. Futhi imoto yokuqala eyenziwe ngonjiniyela bakwamanye amazwe kwaba yiCamague ka-1975. I-limousine eneminyango emine ene-8-cylinder powertrain yaqala ngo-1977 futhi yaba ngumbukiso eGeneva Exhibition. Uchungechunge olusha lweSilver Spur/Spirit lwethulwa emhlabeni wonke ngo-1982 futhi lwaduma kakhulu, ikakhulukazi iSpur, ehlonishwa njengemoto ehamba phambili ezifundazweni. Futhi ngo-1996, inguqulo ethuthukisiwe ebizwa ngokuthi i-Flying Spur yakhululwa.