Steuck knuckle - idivayisi, ukungasebenzi, esikhundleni

Idivayisi yanoma iyiphi imoto yanamuhla ifaka ingxenye efana neqhubu lokushayela. Kunzima kwabanye ukukusho ngohlelo oluthile lwemoto, ngoba ingxenye yenza eminye imisebenzi yezinqubo eziningana.

Ake sicabangele ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi yini into eyingqayizivele, sizokhuluma ngezinhlobo zengxenye, kanye nomgomo wokushintshwa kwayo lapho kunesidingo.

Kuyini iqupha lokuqondisa

Singasho ngokuphepha ukuthi isibhakela siyimininingwane esebenza ngemisebenzi eminingi. Ifakwe ekuhlanganeni kwezinhlelo eziningi, yingakho kunenkinga ngokuhlukaniswa: ukuthi lolu hlelo lukuluphi uhlelo.

Iphethe ingxenye yesiteringi, ihabhu lamasondo, imichilo yokushaqeka nezinye izinto (ngokwesibonelo, izakhi zokubopha). Ngalesi sizathu, isibhakela siyindawo lapho idatha yohlelo ixhunywe khona futhi ivumelaniswe khona. Njengoba kunemithwalo emikhulu kule ngxenye, yenziwa ngezinto eziqinile.

Abanye abakhiqizi basebenzisa insimbi ephezulu ye-alloy kwimikhiqizo yabo, kanti abanye basebenzisa i-cast iron. Esinye isici se-knuckle yokuqondisa ukuma kwayo okuyi-geometric ngokweqile. Ukuma kwequpha kungahluka kakhulu ngokuya ngohlobo lokumiswa nokuqondisa.

Iyini induku yokuqondisa?

Igama ngokwalo lisho enye yezinhloso zokufaka le ngxenye emotweni - ukuqinisekisa ukujikeleza kwamasondo angaphambili. Uma imoto ihamba ngamasondo angemuva, isibhakela sizoba nento elula.

Kunzima kakhulu ukuhlinzeka ngokujika kwesondo lokushayela, ngoba ngaphezu kokushintsha i-trajectory, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa i-torque kusuka ekudlulisweni kuya kuhabhu yayo. Ukuba khona kwequpha lokuqondisa kwasombulula izinkinga eziningana ngasikhathi sinye:

• Kunikezwe ukulungiswa okuzinzile kwehabhu elijikelezayo, lapho kulungiswa khona isondo lokushayela;
• Wenza ukuxhuma isondo ligijima hhayi kuphela ukudluliswa, kodwa futhi ukumiswa. Isibonelo, ekuguqulweni kweMcPherson (idivaysi yayo yaxoxwa ngaphambili kancane) umucu wokushaqeka wezimoto eziningi ubekwe kule ngxenye ethile;
• Ivumela iyunithi ukuthi ijike ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa amandla njengoba isondo liphotha futhi limisa ukumiswa ngenkathi ligibele.

Ngenxa yemisebenzi enjalo, isibhakela sithathwa njengokusekelwa ku-chassis kanye ne-actuator yokuqondisa imoto. Ngaphezu kwemisebenzi efakwe kuhlu, ezinye izingxenye zohlelo lokubhaka amabhuleki zixhunywe kwi-knuckle.

Uma ingxenye yenziwa ngamaphutha wejometri, amanye amasistimu angahluleka ngokushesha.

Ingxenye yokuphumula okukhulunywa ngayo isetshenziswa ku-asi yokuqala. Kwesinye isikhathi kufane kubizwe ngokusekelwa kwehabhu elingemuva. Banomklamo ofanayo, kuphela esimweni sesibili, ingxenye ayinikezeli amandla okujikeleza, ngakho-ke ayinakubizwa ngokuthi yi-rotary.

Isimiso sokusebenza

Ukwenza ukumiswa kusebenze ngenqindi, izimbobo zenziwa esibhakeleni sokuxhuma isigwedlo (ezansi) kanye ne-shock absorber (phezulu). Isitendi sinamathiselwe ngokuxhuma okuvamile kwe-bolt, kepha isigwedlo sisebenza ngokuhlangana kwebhola. Lesi sici sivumela amasondo ukuthi ajike.

Uhlelo lokuqondisa (okuyi-tie rod) luzophinde lunamathiselwe nezicucu zebhola (ezibizwa ngokuthi yi-tie rod ends).

Ukuqinisekisa ukuzungeziswa kwamasondo wokushayela, kufakwa i-bearing (imoto edonsa ngasemuva) noma i-CV joint (front-wheel drive car) emboshweni wokushayela.

Ngokuya ngezimo ezisemgwaqeni, iqupha lokushayela linganikeza ngasikhathi sinye ukujikeleza kwamasondo, ukudamba kwalo, nokunikezwa kwe-torque ezindaweni zokushayela.

Ukuthi zonke izinhlelo eziku-node zisebenzisana kanjani, bona ividiyo elandelayo ngokususelwa ekubukeni konke kokumiswa kwemoto:

Idivayisi ejwayelekile yokumiswa kwemoto. Ukugqwayiza kwe-3D.

Idivayisi nezinhlobonhlobo

Abakhiqizi basebenzisa amasistimu wokumisa ahlukile ezimotweni zabo, ngakho-ke ukuma kwamaqhubu wokushayela nakho kuyahluka. Lesi yisona sizathu sokuqala sokuthi kungani kufanele ukhethe ingxenye ngokuya ngokwenziwa kwemoto. Ikhodi ye-VIN izosiza ekusesheni, okukhombisa izici zemoto ethile (yokuthi ungaziqonda kanjani zonke izinhlamvu, funda i-athikili ehlukile).

Ngisho nokuphambana okuncane kungenza kube nzima ukufaka ingxenye, noma ukusebenza kwezinqubo. Isibonelo, ngenxa yokubopha okungafanele, induku yokuqondisa ngeke ikwazi ukuguqula isondo liye ekugcineni, ngoba ibhola selikule engeli engafanele, njll.

Kusembotsheni yokuqondisa ukuthi kunamathiselwe imishini eyengeziwe, isibonelo, ama-brake calipers, kanye nezinzwa.

Kungaba iphutha ukucabanga ukuthi umenzi usebenzisa ukwakheka okufanayo kwalezi zingxenye kuzo zonke izimoto ezisebangeni lemodeli. Isibonelo, lapho umenzi eqala inqubo yokubuyisela kabusha (mayelana nokuthi iyini nokuthi kungani abenzi bezimoto bekwenza, funda lapha), onjiniyela bangashintsha ukwakheka kwengxenye ethile ukuze inamathisela inzwa kuyo, ebingeyona enguqulweni eyenziwe ngaphambilini.

Ukungasebenzi kahle kanye nezimpawu ezingenzeka

Kunezimpawu ezimbalwa umshayeli anganquma ngazo ukuthi kunenkinga ngefosholo lokushayela. Nazi ezinye izimpawu:

• Uma ushayela ulayini oqondile, imoto idonswa eceleni. Kulokhu, okokuqala, ukuhlolwa kokuqondaniswa kwamasondo (ukuthi inqubo yenziwa kanjani, funda kokunye ukubuyekeza). Uma inkinga iqhubeka, inkinga ingaba sesibhakeleni;
• I-engeli yokuqondisa yamasondo yehle kakhulu. Kulokhu, kufanelekile ukuhlola ukuhlangana kwebhola kuqala;
• Isondo laphuma. Esikhathini esiningi lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokwehluleka kwebhola (umunwe wanqunywa), kepha lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka lapho i-eyelet yokufaka intaba iphuka;
• Izindlu eziqhekekile noma indawo yokufaka egqokile. Lokhu kwesinye isikhathi kwenzeka ngokufakwa okungafundile kwezinto ze-chassis (ukuthwala kucindezelwe ngaphakathi noma amabhawodi esondweni awaqinisiwe ngokuphelele).

Ngokuqondene nokwakheka kwemifantu, abanye omakhenikha bezimoto bathembisa ukubuyisa ingxenye - ukuyishisela. Uma ingxenye eseceleni iyinsimbi, khona-ke kufanele ibuyiselwe. Iningi lama-kulaks enziwe ngensimbi eyakhiwe.

Ngisho noma ngabe umshiseli ekwazi ukufihla ukuqhekeka, okokusebenza uqobo kulahlekelwa yizindawo zakhe lapho kusetshenzwa khona. Ingxenye eshiselwe izophuka ngokushesha emgodini wokuqala omkhulu.

Ngezizathu zokuphepha, uma kutholakala noma yikuphi ukukhubazeka, kungcono ukufaka enye ingxenye esikhundleni sendawo. Ukuthi lokhu kwenziwa kanjani, bona isibonelo semoto ethile:

Isibhakela esisheshayo iMatiz: ukususwa-ukufakwa.

Ungayisusa kanjani iqupha lokuqondisa?

Ukuze ukwazi ukukhipha iqupha lokuqondisa, kuzodingeka unqamule zonke izinto ezinamathiselwe kulo. Inqubo yenziwa ngokulandelana okulandelayo:

• Umshini ufakwa ku-jack noma ulengiswe ku-lift;
• Siqaqa isondo elihambisanayo;
• Hlukanisa i-caliper brake;
• Khipha isikhuphukeli se-stroller absorber strut;
• Sicindezela iphuzu lenduku yokubopha. Ukuze kungadingeki ukuthi uyiguqule, kungakuhle ukuzihlomisa ngethuluzi elikhethekile;
• Hlukanisa i-axle shaft kusuka kuhabhu;
• Siqaqa izinzwa nezinye izinto zokusebenza, uma zitholakala emotweni. Kulokhu, kungaba ngcono ukukhumbula lapho okunamathiselwe khona. Odinga ukukwenza nje ukuthatha isithombe efonini yakho;
• Hlukanisa isibhakela uqobo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa i-screwdriver esicaba ukuze unqamule ukubopha kwendandatho yokubamba engxenyeni yebhola efakwe engalweni engezansi;
• Isinyathelo sokugcina ukukhipha ihabhu esibhakeleni (ikinati ekhishwe ingavulwanga), ngaphambi kwalokho ama-splines awabanjwa. Okulandelayo, amabhawodi amasondo afakwa ngaphakathi, futhi ihabhu likhishwa ohlangothini lwangemuva ngokushaywa okuncane.

Ngaphambi kokuqaqa amabhawodi namantongomane, kubalulekile ukunamathela esimisweni esilula: ukuze wehlise umthelela emaphethelweni abagcini, bahlanzwa ukungcola nokugqwala, bese belashwa ngoketshezi olungena ngaphakathi (ngokwesibonelo, i-WD -40).

Izindleko ze-knuckle knuckle

Abenzi benza ama-knuckle steering nge-margin ehloniphekile yokuphepha. Ngenxa yalokho, ingxenye iphuka kuphela ngaphansi kwemithwalo eyeqile, futhi ukugqoka kwemvelo kwenzeka kancane.

Kwezinye izimo, izingxenye ziyashintshwa njengekhithi. Ngokuqondene nemikhonto yokuqondisa, asikho isidingo salokhu. Izindleko zale nto zisuka ku- $ 40 ziye ngaphezu kuka- $ 500. Uhla olunjalo lwamanani kungenxa yezimpawu zemodeli yemoto nenqubomgomo yamanani womkhiqizi.

Kulokhu, ikhwalithi yengxenye ivame ukufana nentengo. Ngalesi sizathu, kungcono ukunika okuncamelayo kumkhiqizi owaziwayo, noma ngabe imikhiqizo yayo ingafakiwe esigabeni sezimpahla zesabelomali.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Iliphi elinye igama lequpha lokuqondisa? Iphinikhodi lena. Ibizwa ngokuthi i-steering knuckle ngoba ivumela isondo eliqinile ukuthi lijike endizeni evundlile.

Yini efakiwe equlwini lokuqondisa? Iwucezu oluyisiqephu esisodwa. Kuye ngemodeli (ngisho nonyaka wokukhiqiza) wemoto, kungase kube khona ukuvuleka okuhlukene kanye namaphuzu okunamathiselwe ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile esibhakeleni.

Yini enamathiselwe equlwini lokuqondisa? Ihabhu lamasondo, izingalo ezilengayo ezingenhla neziphansi, isiteringi, izakhi zesistimu yebhuleki, inzwa yokuzungezisa amasondo kunamathiselwe ku-trunnion.