Ungayiqala kanjani imoto uma ibhethri ifile

Ibhethri yinto ebaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni lokuthungela imoto, ngakho-ke, uma ingekho, imoto ngeke iqale. Iletha inkinga enkulu kakhulu kubashayeli ebusika: emakhazeni, ibhethri lingalahlekelwa uhhafu wamandla alo, futhi uma ungaboni ibhethri elingalungile ngesikhathi, futhi kungekho okunye okusalayo, ungadinga usizo. Ungayiqala kanjani imoto uma ibhethri ifile - sizohlaziya ngokuqhubekayo.

Ukuphepha kwebhethri

Njengoba amabhethri esebenza ngesisekelo sokuphendula kwamakhemikhali phakathi kwesixazululo sensimbi ne-esidi, kunengozi enkulu yokuthola ukusha kwamakhemikhali hhayi kuphela esikhunjeni, kodwa nangendlela yokuphefumula.

Ngenxa yale ngozi, lapho usebenza ngamabhethri, wonke umshayeli wemoto kufanele alandele imithetho ebalulekile:

• Sebenzisa amagilavu ​​wenjoloba ukuvikela izandla zakho.
• Lapho uqeda umsebenzi, kufanele ugeze izandla nobuso ngensipho, bese ugeza umlomo wakho. Uma i-asidi ingena esikhunjeni, ingancishiswa ngesisombululo se-baking soda esingu-10%.
• Phatha ibhethri ngesibambo esenzelwe lokhu noma ngosizo lokubamba okukhethekile.
• Lapho uqamba i-electrolyte, kubalulekile ukuthela i-asidi emanzini hhayi okuphambene nalokho. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kuzokwenzeka ukusabela okunodlame, lapho i-asidi izokhipha khona. Kule nqubo, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa izitsha zomthofu noma ze-ceramic (inani elikhulu lokushisa lenziwa ngesikhathi sokuphendula). Faka i-asidi emanzini emfuleni omncane, uvuselele isixazululo kahle ngenduku yengilazi.
• Sebenzisa umshini wokuphefumula nezibuko lapho ufaka amanzi acolisisiwe emathinini ebhethri.
• Ukusebenza kwebhethri eduze komlilo ovulekile akuvunyelwe. Udinga ukukhanyisa ibhethri ngebhalbhu yesibani engu-12 no-24 V (noma ngethoshi), akunasibani esilula. Futhi, ungabhemi lapho uhlola ibhethri.
• Xhuma ama-terminals ngendlela yokuthi ukukhishwa kwe-arcing kungafakwa.
• Igumbi okufakwa kulo ibhethri kufanele lingeniswe umoya kahle.
• Endabeni yokuguqulwa okusetshenzisiwe, wonke ama-plugs kufanele akhishwe ngaphambi kokuwakhokhisa. Lokhu kuzovimbela ukuqoqwa kwegesi i-oxyhydrogen emigodini yebhethri.

• Ama-terminals kufanele ahambisane kahle nezikhonkwane ukugwema ukuqhuma.
• Ngenkathi i-baratea ishaja, akufanele uyigobe bese ubheka emabhange avulekile. Intuthu ingadala ukusha epheshaneni lokuphefumula.
• Xhuma / unqamule ishaja ebhetri lapho inqanyulwa kuma-mains.
• Ngezikhathi ezithile kuyadingeka ukusula ikesi lebhethri (ukuthola amathiphu angeziwe wokuthi ungayandisa kanjani impilo yomthombo wamandla wemoto, bheka lapha).
• Lapho unqamula ama-terminals, kubalulekile ukuthi uqale ususe okungekuhle, bese kuthi okuhle. Uxhumano lwenziwa ngokulandelana okuphindayo. Lokhu kuzovimbela ukujikeleza okufishane ngengozi lapho ukhiye oqondile uthintana nomzimba wemoto.

Izimbangela eziyinhloko zokukhishwa kwebhethri emotweni

Kunezizathu eziningana zokuthi kungani ibhethri emotweni yakho lingaphela. Okuvamile kakhulu yimpilo yebhethri ende kakhulu (iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-5), ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-generator, kanye nomthelela wamakhaza amabi kakhulu.

Kungakhathalekile ukuthi ibhethri linamandla kangakanani, ukusetshenziswa okungafanele kungayikhipha ngokushesha. Kunezizathu ezintathu eziyinhloko zalokhu:

• ukunganaki namaphutha omnikazi wemoto;
• ukungasebenzi kahle kwemishini;
• ukwephula ukwahlukanisa ucingo.

Ukunakwa komshayeli

Isizathu esivame kakhulu sokukhishwa kwebhethri amalambu akhanyisiwe isikhathi eside. Lokhu kungenzeka phakathi kuka-Okthoba noMeyi, lapho sekucacile ngaphandle. Ngemuva kohambo olude, umshayeli kungenzeka angaboni nokuthi amalambu aqhubeka akhanya.

Uhambo lwepikiniki luzoheha kakhulu ngomculo omnandi nama-acoustics asezingeni. Kodwa ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside kohlelo lomsindo kunciphisa kakhulu ukukhokhiswa kwebhethri.

Ngaphezu kwalezi zizathu, ibhethri lizokhishwa kwimishini esele, njengeglasi evuthayo, ukukhanyisa ku-trunk noma egilavu ​​yegilavu, umsakazo onesimungulu njll. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ezimotweni eziningi, lapho ukuthungela kucishiwe, amasistimu amaningi ayavalwa, kanti kwezinye awekho.

Amaphutha omshayeli afaka ukusetshenziswa kwemishini enamandla, okuyinto uhlelo lokuphakelwa kwamandla wefektri olungakwazi ukubhekana nayo. Lokhu kungafaka ukufakwa kwesikhulisi semoto (ukuthi ungayixhuma kanjani kahle i-amplifier, ungafunda kuyo isihloko esihlukile).

Imvamisa ukufaka amalambu ajwayelekile ngamalambu akhanyayo noma ukufaka imishini yokukhanyisa eyengeziwe nakho kuholela ekusetshenzisweni kokushaja okusheshayo. Udinga ukuthi uqaphele ikakhulukazi esimweni samabhethri amadala - ngenxa yokulahleka kwamandla, akhipha ngokushesha okukhulu. Kwesinye isikhathi kwanele ukufaka i-starter izikhathi ezimbalwa, futhi ibhethri "liyalala".

Ukwehluleka ukuthobela imithetho yokusebenza nokugcinwa kwamabhethri akuholeli kuphela ekulahlekelweni kwemali ekhokhwayo kaningi, kepha futhi kunciphisa kakhulu insiza yokusebenza yomthombo wamandla.

Uhambo olufushane oluvulwe imishini enamandla (ngokwesibonelo, ebusika, i-windshield eshisayo namawindi angemuva, isitofu) kuzoholela ekukhishweni kwebhethri. Abashayeli abaningi bacabanga ukuthi ukushaja kabusha kwanele ukugcina imoto isebenza. Empeleni, eziningi ama-generator shaja ibhethri nge-1500 rpm yenjini. Ngokwemvelo, uma imoto ihamba kancane esiminyaminyeni sezimoto ngesivinini esiphansi, ibhethri alilayishi kabusha (noma lithola inani lamandla elincane).

Uma imoto ingaqali ngemuva kwesikhathi eside ingasebenzi, umshayeli, ejika i-starter isikhathi eside, ukhipha ibhethri ngokwakhe. Ukusebenza kwe-Starter kungenye yezinqubo ezisebenzisa amandla kakhulu ngesikhathi kusebenza imoto.

Ukwehluleka kwe-Hardware

Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwemoto, ibhethri kufanele ligcwaliswe kabusha. Uma i-generator inephutha, le nqubo ngeke yenzeke. Izinkinga zayo zifaka:

• ukwehluleka kwesilawuli sokushaja ("ushokoledi");
• ukwephulwa kwe-rotor emazombezombe;
• kushe ibhuloho lediode;
• fuse block obandayo wehlulekile;
• amabhulashi agugile;
• ukuqala kokugwedla kubolile.

Ngaphezu kwalawa maphutha, kufanelekile ukunaka ibhande lokushayela le-alternator. Kumele ihlanzwe ngokwanele. Esimweni sezulu esimanzi, lokhu kuyaphawuleka ngokushesha ngenxa yesici sokuncinza ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwenjini. Lo msindo uzozwakala kuze kube yilapho ibhande selomile. Ukungezwani kwebhande kulula ukubheka. Udinga ukuyicindezela ngomunwe wakho. Uma ihamba ngamasentimitha ayi-1,5, udinga ukuyiqinisa.

Ukwephula ukwahlukanisa ucingo

Lokhu kubangela ukuthi ibhethri likhiphe linganakiwe. Kwesinye isikhathi amandla okuvuza awakwazi ukunakwa, ngaphandle kwalapho kulahleka imali ngokushesha. Inkinga iqedwa ngokuhlolwa okubonakalayo kwentambo. Uma izintambo ziqhekekile (ama-cores akudingeki abonakale), kufanele afakelwe okunye. Futhi, ukuvuza kwamanje kungatholakala uma "ukhalisa" izingxenye zikagesi zemoto.

Ngaphezu kwamaphutha wokuhlukanisa, imisinga yokuvuza ingenzeka ngenxa yokuxhunywa okungafanele kukagesi. Ukuxhumeka okufanele kwesekethe kagesi kuvumela ibhethri ukuthi lihlale likhokhisiwe izinyanga ezifika kwezintathu (kuya ngekhwalithi yebhethri).

Ungaqonda kanjani ukuthi ibhethri lifile? 

Kunezindlela eziningi zokuqonda ukuthi ibhethri lemoto lifile. Into yokuqala okufanele uyibheke ukukhanya kudeshibhodi. Uma ibomvu, khona-ke ibhethri idinga ukushaja kabusha. Kuzoba wusizo ukuqapha i-voltage yenethiwekhi ebhodini - kulokhu udinga i-voltmeter yangaphandle.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma uzwa umsindo ongahloniphi lapho uqala injini, futhi ubuye uhlole ukusebenza kancane kwenkanyezi, khona-ke kunamathuba aphezulu okuncipha kokuqala kwamanje, okuthinta isimo sebhethri. Izimpawu zokungasebenzi kahle nazo zibila kohlelo lwe-alamu kanye nezikhiye zeminyango. Uma behlangana noma besebenza ngezikhathi ezithile, khona-ke ibhethri lemoto liyadedelwa.

Ungayiqala kanjani imoto uma ibhethri ifile?

Ngaphezu kokushisa okubandayo, okufaka isandla ekuphumeni kwebhethri, kuthinta umthamo webhethri nokushayela ngesifudumezi, ngezihlalo ezifudumele, kanye nezibuko nesiteringi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, akuvamile ukuthi umshayeli akhohlwe ukucisha amalambu asemaceleni noma amanye amadivayisi ngenkathi kupakwa. Nokho, ungethuki. Ngezansi kunezindlela ezine imoto engaqala nokuhamba ngazo.

Indlela yoku-1. Qalisa imoto kusuka ekudonselweni noma ekuqhutshweni

Ukuze uqale imoto kusuka ku-pusher, udinga ikhebula lokudonsa. Ubude obulungile ngamamitha ayi-4-6. Ukudonsa, izimoto ezimbili kudingeka zixhunywe ngekhebula futhi zisheshise zifike ku-15 km. Emotweni edonswayo, igiya lesithathu liyakhanyiswa, bese i-clutch idedelwa kancane kancane. Uma le ndlela isebenza, imishini inganqanyulwa. Le ndlela ilungele imoto lapho kufakwa khona u-gearbox womakhenikha. 

Uma ingekho imoto efanelekile yokudonsa eduzane, cela othile akusize ukusheshisa imoto. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe emgwaqeni oyisicaba noma ekwehleni. Abantu abafike bakusize kumele bame ngemuva kwemoto, bambe umboko bese bayiqhubela phambili imoto ize iqale injini nemoto iqhubeke nokuhamba.

Indlela 2. Qalisa imoto ngokuyikhanyisa kusuka ebhethri lomnikeli

Yini okufanele uyenze esimweni uma ibhethri ligijimela phansi ku-zero? Indlela efakazelwe ukukhanyisa imoto. Ngalokhu uzodinga:

• umshini wabanikeli;
• ukhiye we-10;
• ucingo lokukhanyisa.

Isimo esikhulu sale ndlela ukuthi ibhethri lomnikeli kufanele lisebenze kahle. Ukwenza ukukhanyisa, izimoto kufanele zipakwe eduze, kepha ukuze zingathintani. Injini yemoto enikelayo kufanele icishwe, bese kuthi i-terminal engemihle isuswe kuleyo edinga ukugcwaliswa kabusha. I-Polarity kumele ibhekwe ukuvikela ukulimala kwe-electronics yemoto. Ucingo lokususa luvame ukuba nombala omnyama, bese kuthi oluhlanganisiwe lubomvu. Xhuma amatheminali amakwe ngokuhlanganisa.

Okulandelayo, kufanele uxhume okukodwa ku-auto-donor, bese okwesibili emotweni, ibhethri elidinga ukugcwaliswa kabusha. Qala imoto yabanikeli bese ulinda imizuzu engu-5 kuze kube yilapho ibhethri lemoto yesibili selishajwa kabusha. Ngemuva kwalokho, ungayiqala futhi, uyiyeke isebenze cishe imizuzu engu-7. Ngenxa yalokhu, ama-terminals anganqanyulwa, futhi umshini kufanele uvunyelwe ukusebenza imizuzu engu-15-20. Ngale ndlela ungashaja imoto ngokushesha lapho injini ivuliwe.

Indlela 3. Qalisa imoto ngentambo

Ukuze usebenzise le ndlela, kufanele ubeke intambo eqinile nejack. Isinyathelo sokuqala ukukhulisa i-axle yedrayivu yomshini ngejack. Okulandelayo, bopha isondo lemoto ngentambo. Ukuze ujikeleze isondo, khipha intambo ngokunyakaza okubukhali, njengokukhipha intambo kumshini wokugunda utshani ukuze uyiqale.

Le ndlela ukulingisa ukuqala imoto kusuka ku-pusher. Lapho isondo lokushayela liphenduka, idrayivu yemoto iqala ukuzungeza, okuqala izinqubo ezilandelayo eziholela enjini eqala. Ngemoto ene-automatic transmission, le ndlela, maye, ngeke isebenze. Kodwa-ke, ukuqala imoto ngokuhanjiswa ngesandla kuzophumelela.

Indlela 4. Qalisa imoto usebenzisa ishaja yokuqala

Okulula kakhulu ukukusebenzisa ukuqala ibhethri usebenzisa idivayisi ekhethekile. Ishaja yokuqalisa ixhunywe kunethiwekhi, futhi iswishi yemodi kufanele ibe kumodi "yokuqala". Intambo ye-ROM enenani elifanele kufanele ixhunywe ku-terminal enhle, futhi ne-negative ku-motor block, eduze kwalapho i-starter itholakala khona. Ukushiswa bese kwenziwa kusebenze ngokhiye. Uma le ndlela ibisebenza futhi nemoto iqalile, nqamula i-ROM. Ungasebenzisa futhi i-booster ukushaja ibhethri.

Okufanele ukwenze uma ibhethri lifile emshinini

Iningi lalezi zindlela lisetshenziswa ezimotweni ezinokudluliswa ngesandla. Endabeni yokudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo, indlela enhle ye-pusher ngeke isebenze. Iphuzu lapha umehluko imishini yokudlulisa ngesandla futhi okuzenzakalelayo.

Abanye "abeluleki" baphikisa ngokuthi ngeke zibe khona izinkinga ngokuqala "okuzenzekelayo" kusuka kumqhubi uma usheshisa imoto iye ku-70 km / h bese uhambisa isikhethi endaweni ka "D". Eqinisweni, lezi zeluleko azisekelwa amaqiniso.

Ngokungafani nokudluliswa komshini, umshini awunakho ukuxhumana okuqinile ne-motor (ngokwesibonelo, ekuguqulweni kwe-torque converter, i-torque idluliselwa ebhokisini leplanethi kusetshenziswa ipompo ekhethekile engasebenzi ngenkathi injini icishiwe). Ngenxa yalezi zici zedivayisi, indlela "yakudala" yokuqalisa injini ngeke isize. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nqubo izonakalisa inqubo uqobo (ngisho nokudonsa okujwayelekile akuyona into efiselekayo "kumishini ezenzakalelayo").

Ukuqala imoto nge-automatic transmission, kuzofanele usebenzise ukushaja kuphela. Kulokhu, ibhethri liyasuswa emotweni bese lixhunywa kwishaja. Ngohlelo lokuthungela nokuhlinzeka ngophethiloli, imoto izoqala.

Uma singekho isikhathi sokulinda kuze kube yilapho ibhetri ishajiwe noma ingekho ishaja, "ungakhanyisa" imoto kamakhelwane noma usebenzise ezinye izindlela "zokuvuselela" ibhethri.

Okufanele ukwenze uma ibhethri liphela ebusika

Ebusika, ngenxa yomthwalo okhuphukile, ibhethri likhishwa ngokushesha, futhi lokhu akuxhomekile ekutheni lathengwa kudala kangakanani. Abanye abashayeli ngemuva kwesikhathi eside bengasebenzi ngaphambi kokuqala injini imizuzwana emi-3-5. vula ugongolo oluphakeme ukuze "uvuse" ibhethri, bese uqala injini.

Endabeni yokudlulisa ngomshini, kunezindlela eziningi ongakhetha kuzo ngenjini ephoqelelwe ngebhethri elikhishiwe. Okulula ukuqala injini kusuka ku-pusher. Ngokwenza njalo, kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi inkinga ihlobene nokushaja kwebhethri okuphansi. Kulokhu, i-starter izophenduka kancane noma ngeke isabele nhlobo ekushintsheni ukhiye kukhiye wokushisa. KU-IN isihloko esihlukile usebenzisa isibonelo se-VAZ 2107, kukhonjiswa ezinye izimbangela zenjini enenkinga ezingahlobene nokushaja kwebhethri okuphansi.

Uma imoto ihamba ngokudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo, kuzosiza kuphela omunye umthombo wamandla kulokhu. Kuchazwa ukuthi ungakuvimbela kanjani ukupholisa ngokweqile kwebhethri ebusika, kanye nokugcinwa kwasebusika okulungile kwamabhethri emoto lapha.

Ungayelula kanjani impilo yebhethri?

Ukugcina ibhethri lemoto yakho lisebenza isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka, landela lawa macebiso.

1. Gcina ibhetri yemoto yakho yomile futhi ihlanzekile.
2. Gwema izinguquko zokushisa okungazelelwe.
3. Musa ukushaja ngokweqile ibhethri noma unqamule ukunikezwa kwamandla ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
4. Cisha injini uma ungenzi lutho.
5. Ungagugi ibhethri ngenjini yokuqala.
6. Khweza ibhethri ngokuphepha emotweni.
7. Ungalikhiphi ngokuphelele ibhethri.

Zonke lezi zeluleko zilula futhi zilula ukulandela. Kumele ujwayele ukunakekela imoto ngesikhathi, ukuze ungavuki maphakathi nomgwaqo.

Imibuzo ejwayelekile:

Ngingakwazi yini ukuqala imoto yami ngaphandle kwebhethri? Yebo. Izindlela kuphela ezahlukile ngokuya ngezici zokuhlelwa komshini. Ngaphandle kwebhethri, imoto ingaqalwa kusuka ku-pusher (kulokhu, imoto kufanele ibe ne-transmission manual) noma isuka ku-booster (ithuluzi elincane lokuqala elikhiqiza amandla amakhulu okuqala kuze kube iminithi elilodwa).

Ungaqonda kanjani ukuthi ibhethri lifile? Kulokhu, ilambu elibomvu lebhethri kudeshibhodi lizokhanyisa ngokuqhubekayo. Ngokushaja okuphansi, i-starter iphenduka ngokuvilapha (ibhethri idinga ukuvuselelwa). Uma ibhethri likhishwe ngokuphelele, uhlelo olukubhodi alusebenzi (ama-bulb ngeke akhanyise).

Okufanele ukwenze uma ibhethri selifile ngokuphelele? 1 - yikhokhele ubusuku bonke. 2 - qala imoto kuphusha bese uyiyeka igijime noma ishayele ngaphandle kokumisa injini nemishini icishiwe (okungenani ama-50 km).