Idivayisi yokudlulisa imishini

Ukuhanjiswa ngesandla kwenziwa ngendlela ejwayelekile ezimotweni njengoba bekunjalo phambilini, kepha lokhu akubavimbeli ukuthi bangafuneki futhi bafanele. Lolu hlobo lokudlulisela lukhethwa yilabo bashayeli abathanda ukulawula inqubo yokushintshela amagiya phezulu noma phansi. Kwabashayeli bezimoto abaningi, lolu hambo alumnandi kangako uma imoto ifakwe nge-othomathikhi noma nge-tiptronic.

Ukuhambisa okwenziwa ngesandla kuyafana nokwethenjwa futhi kusadingeka ngenxa yokucineka nokulula kwensiza. Kodwa-ke, bambalwa abantu abazi ukuthi le divayisi iyini, isebenza kanjani. Siphakamisa ukuthi uzijwayeze "mechanics" kakhulu futhi uqonde umgomo wokudlulisela.

Ukuthi isebenza kanjani

Kudingeka ukuthi kudluliselwe imishini ukuze kuguqulwe i-torque futhi uyihambise kusuka enjini yokuhlangana yangaphakathi iye emasondweni. Ithoshi eliphuma kunjini linikezelwa emgodini wokufaka wegiya usebenzisa i-clutch pedal. Ngenxa yalokhu, iguqulwa ngamabili axhumene amagiya (izigaba) bese idluliselwa ngqo kumasondo emoto.

Onke amakamelo egiya anesilinganiso segiya lawo, elibhekele inani lezinguquko kanye nokunikezwa kwethoshi kusuka enjinini crankshaft kuya kumasondo. Ukwanda kwe-torque ngokuhanjiswa kudala ukwehla kwesivinini se-crankshaft. Uma wehla - okuphambene.
Ngaphambi kokushintsha amagiya kwibhokisi lamagiya okuqondisa, ukucindezela umphetho we-clutch kuyadingeka ukuphazamisa ukuhamba kwamandla kusuka enjini yokuhlangana yangaphakathi. Ukuqala kokuhamba kwemoto njalo kwenzeka kusuka esiteji sokuqala (ngaphandle kwamaloli), futhi ukwanda okulandelayo kwegiya kwenzeka kancane kancane, ngokushintshwa okulandelanayo kwezigaba zebhokisi lamagiya kusuka phansi kuye phezulu. Umzuzu wokushintshwa kunqunywa ijubane lemoto nezinkomba zamadivayisi: i-tachometer ne-speedometer.

Izinto eziphambili zunithi

Izinto ezisemqoka zebhokisi lemibhalo yilezi:

• I-Clutch. Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuthi unqamule ngokuphepha shaft yokufaka yebhokisi ekujikelezeni i-crankshaft... Inamathele kwi-injini flywheel futhi iqukethe ama-disc amabili ebhlokeni elilodwa (ibhasikidi le-clutch). Uma ucindezela i-clutch pedal, la ma-disc ayaxoshwa, bese ukujikeleza kwe shabox yegiya kuyeke. Lokhu kuvumela ukuthi ukudluliselwa kudluliselwe kugiya olifunayo. Lapho i-pedal idedelwa, i-torque esuka ku-crankshaft iye kwi-flywheel iya kwikhava ye-clutch, bese ipuleti yengcindezelo bese iya ku-disc eqhutshwayo. Umshini wokushayela webhokisi ufakwe kuhabhu lediski eliqhutshwa usebenzisa ukuxhumeka okuxhumekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukujikeleza kudluliselwa kumagiya, akhethwe ngumshayeli esebenzisa i-gearshift lever.

• Ama-Shafts namagiya. Lezi zinto zitholakala kunoma yikuphi ukudluliselwa. Inhloso yabo ukudlulisa i-torque kusuka emotweni iye umehluko, icala lokudlulisa noma ku i-Cardan, kanye nokushintsha isivinini sokujikeleza kwamasondo okushayela. Isethi yamagiya inikeza ukubamba okuthembekile kwama-shafts, ukuze amandla wamandla emoto adluliselwe kumasondo okushayela. Olunye uhlobo lwamagiya lugxilwe ngokuqinile emigodini (ngokwesibonelo, ibhulokhi lamagiya aphakathi, elenziwe njengengxenye eyodwa nge-shaft ephakathi), enye iyasuswa (ngokwesibonelo, ukushelela, okufakwe ku-shaft yesibili. ). Ukunciphisa umsindo ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-gearbox, amagiya enziwa ngamazinyo a-oblique.

• Izivumelanisi. Ukwakheka kwalezi zingxenye kuqinisekisa ukuthi ijubane lokujikeleza lezinto ezimbili ezizimele zilingana. Ngemuva kokujikeleza kokufakwa nokufakelwa shafts kuvumelaniswa, i-lockup clutch ixhunywe kwigiya yokuhambisa isebenzisa ukuxhumana okuxhumekile. Umshini onjalo awufaki ukushaqeka lapho ushintsha isivinini, kanye nokugqoka ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwamagiya axhunyiwe.

Lesi sithombe sibonisa enye yezinketho zebhokisi elisetshenziswayo esigabeni:

Izinhlobo zokuhambisa ngesandla

Idivaysi yokudlulisela le ncwadi inezinhlobo eziningi. Ngokuya ngenani lemishayo eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, umehluko wenziwa phakathi:

• shaft amabili (efakwe ezimotweni zabagibeli ezinama-wheel-wheel drive);
• ezintathu-shaft (isetshenziselwa ukuqhutshwa kwesondo lokushayela nokugibela imithwalo).

Ngokwenombolo yezinyathelo (amagiya), indawo okuhlola kuyo isivinini esingu-4, 5 no-6.

Umshini wokuhambisa ngomshini

Ukwakhiwa kokudluliselwa ngesandla kufaka phakathi izinto ezilandelayo:

1. I-crankcase equkethe izingxenye eziphambili zokudlulisela.
2. Shafts: okuyisisekelo, okwesibili, okuphakathi kanye nokwengeziwe (ngokuhlehlisa).
3. I-Synchronizer. Unesibopho sokungabikho kwamajezi kanye nokusebenza okuthule kwezinto ze-gearbox lapho kushintshwa amagiya.
4. I-Mechanism yokushintsha kwegiya, kufaka phakathi izinto zokuvala nokukhiya.
5. I-Shift lever (etholakala egumbini lokugibela).

Umdwebo ongezansi uzosiza ukuqonda kabanzi ngesakhiwo sokudluliswa kwencwadi: Inombolo 1 ikhombisa indawo shaft eyinhloko, inombolo 2 ikhombisa i-lever yokushintsha amagiya ebhokisini lamagiya. Inombolo 3 ikhombisa indlela eshintshayo ngokwayo. 4, 5 no-6 - kuya kubhavu yesibili, kukhipha ipulaki kanye nomgodi ophakathi, ngokulandelana. Futhi inombolo 7 imelela isikwele.
Kuyafaneleka ukubheka ukuthi ukudluliswa kohlobo lwensimbi emithathu ne-shaft emibili kuhluke ngokuhlukile komunye ngesakhiwo nomgomo wokusebenza.

I-Twin-shaft gearbox: ukuklanywa kanye nenqubo yokusebenza

Ekuhanjisweni okwenziwe ngesandla, i-torque inikezwa kusuka enjini yokuhlanganisa yangaphakathi iye kufolishi yokufaka ngenxa ye-clutch ekhona. Amawashi shaft, akhiwe endaweni efanayo nama-synchronizer, ahlala ezungeza izembe. Ithoshi elivela kushaji yesibili lidluliselwa ngegiya elikhulu nokwehlukile (elibhekele ukujikeleza kwamasondo ngejubane elihlukile le-angular) ngqo kumasondo emoto. Ishaft eqhutshwayo inegiya main elifakwe ngokuphephile. Imishini yokushintsha amagiya itholakala engxenyeni yomzimba yebhokisi futhi ifaka amafoloko nezinduku ezisetshenziselwa ukushintsha isikhundla se-synchronizer clutch. Ukuze ubandakanye i-reverse gear, ishaft eyengeziwe enegiya eliphakathi nendawo iyasetshenziswa.

Ibhokisi lamagiya amathathu-shaft: idivaysi nenqubo yokusebenza

Ukudlulisela okwenziwe ngemicu emithathu kuyahlukahluka kweyokuqala kungokuba khona kwamasheya amathathu asebenzayo. Ngaphezu kwemeshini yokushayela nokuqhutshwa, kukhona nomgodi ophakathi nendawo. Okuyinhloko kusebenza ngokuhambisana ne-clutch futhi kunesibopho sokudlulisa i-torque iye shaft ephakathi ngokusebenzisa igiya elihambisanayo. Ngenxa yalesi sici sokuqamba, wonke amasheya ama-3 asasebenza njalo. Isikhundla somgodi ophakathi nendawo maqondana nesisekelo siyafana (kuyadingeka ukulungisa amagiya endaweni eyodwa). Ukucaciswa kwesakhiwo sebhokisi le-mehendi kusho ukuba khona kweziphedi ezimbili ku-eksisi engu-1: elesibili neleyinhloko. Amagiya omshini oqhutshwayo ayakwazi ukuzungeza ngokukhululeka, ngoba awunawo ukulungiswa okuqinile. Umshini wokushintshana utholakala lapha emzimbeni wegiya. Ifakwe nge-lever yokulawula, isiqu kanye nemfoloko.

Yini ukungasebenzi

Imvamisa, ukuthunyelwa kwencwajana kudilizwa lapho umshayeli enza amakamelo amancane. Lapho udlulisa amagiya kusuka kwelinye kuya kwelinye ngokuhamba okubukhali, ngeke kwenzeke ukugwema ukuqhekeka. Lo mkhuba wokusebenzisa ibhokisi lamagiya uzoholela ekuqhekekeni komshini wamagiya nama-synchronizer.

Izinzuzo nobubi bokubuka

Lapho kungenzeka ukusebenzisa izindlela ezinezimpawu ezihlukile, abashayeli bezimoto bavame ukuqhathanisa ubuhle babo nobubi babo. Ibhokisi lemishini nalo linezinzuzo zalo nokubi kulo.

Izinzuzo zifaka:

• Isisindo esincane futhi eshibhile uma kuqhathaniswa nokudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo;
• ivumela umshayeli ukulawula isikhawu phakathi kokushintshwa kwamagiya, akhuphule amandla okushintsha ngesikhathi sokushesha;
• uma usebenzisa amakhono, umshayeli anganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli;
• ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu;
• umklamo ulula, ngenxa yokuthi lo mshini uthembeke kakhulu;
• kulula ukuyilungisa nokuyigcina kunozakwabo abazenzekelayo;
• lapho ushayela umgwaqo ongekho emgwaqweni, kulula ukukhetha imodi efanelekile ethambile kunjini;
• ikhono lokushayela imoto ngokudluliswa mathupha linikezwa ukugcizelela okukhulu lapho uqeqesha abashayeli abasha. Kwamanye amazwe, amalungelo abantu abasha afakwa uphawu "ngaphandle kwelungelo lokushayela imoto enamagiya asetshenziswayo" uma bedlula behamba ngemoto ene-automatic transmission. Uma kwenzeka eqeqeshwa "kumakhenikha" uvunyelwe ukushayela izimoto ezahlukahlukene zesigaba esihambisanayo;
• ungakwazi ukudonsa imoto. Imoto nayo ingadonswa ngokuzenzekelayo, kuphela kulokhu kunemikhawulo ethile.

Okubi kwemishini:

• kubathandi bokunethezeka nalabo abakhathele ukuqapha njalo igiya lamanje, inketho engcono kakhulu ukuhambisa okuzenzakalelayo;
• kudinga ukushintshwa kwe-clutch ngezikhathi ezithile;
• ekushintsheni okubushelelezi, kudingeka ikhono elithile (i-analog ezenzakalelayo inikeza ukusheshisa ngaphandle kwamajezi namaphiphu).

Ukudonsa imoto kuyinzuzo nobubi. Ububi bokudonswa mahhala kwemoto ukuthi kulula ukuntshontsha. Kepha uma imoto ingaqali ngenxa yebhethri elifile (silalele umculo epikinikini isikhathi eside), khona-ke ungaqala ngokusheshisa ngejubane elingathathi hlangothi nangegiya lokubandakanya. Kulokhu, i-torque iya kolunye uhlangothi - ukusuka emasondweni kuya emotweni, ifanisa ukusebenza kokuqala. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwemishini.

Ngemishini eminingi "ezenzakalelayo" lokhu ngeke kusebenze, ngoba ama-clutch disc acindezelwe omunye komunye ngenxa yengcindezi yempompo kawoyela esebenza lapho injini isebenza. Ngesikhathi sokuzungeziswa kwamasondo ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi, lonke ibhokisi liyasebenza, ngakho ukuphusha imoto kunzima kakhulu kunemoto "kumakhenikhi". Ngenxa yokushoda kokuthambisa kwamagiya, oomakhenikhi bezimoto abakukhuthazi ukudonsa izimoto ezinamagiya azenzekelayo emabangeni amade.

Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, ukudluliswa okwenziwa ngesandla kuyisici esibalulekile, ngaphandle kwayo imoto ngeke ihambe, noma ngabe iyiphi amandla enjini. "Imishini" ikuvumela ukuba ukhethe imodi yejubane lemoto ngokwakho, ucindezela amandla amakhulu aphuma emotweni. Kushibhile futhi kulula kunokudlulisa okuzenzakalelayo, yize kuncane kakhulu kune "okuzenzakalelayo" ngokunethezeka ngenkathi ushayela.

Imibuzo ejwayelekile:

Kuyini ukudluliswa okwenziwa ngesandla? Ukudluliswa okwenziwa ngesandla kungu-gearbox lapho ukukhetha kwejubane kwenziwa ngokuphelele ngumshayeli. Kulokhu, ulwazi lomshayeli wemoto kanye nokuqonda kwakhe ukusebenza kwendlela yokusebenza kwamagiya kudlala indima enkulu.

Lenziwe ngani u-gearbox? Ukudluliswa kwamanyuwali kuqukethe ubhasikidi we-clutch oxhuma ku-flywheel kanye ne-shaft yokufaka; imiphini ephakathi nendawo neyesibili enamagiya; switch switch kanye shift lever. Ngaphezu kwalokho, shaft nge gear reverse.

Likuphi i-gearbox emotweni? Emotweni, i-transmission manual ihlale ikhona eduze nenjini. Imoto ene-wheel-wheel drive inebhokisi elihlelelwe ibanga elide, kanti ngaphambili idonsa ngamabili.