Ungayifaka kanjani isisikhulisi emotweni

Isikhulisi semoto

Kwabashayeli abaningi, umsindo omkhulu nekhwalithi ephezulu kungenye yezinketho ezibaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni lokududuza izimoto. Imvamisa abashayeli be-novice ukuthenga rekhoda entsha yomsakazo, badumazekile emandleni ayo, yize okuhlanganiswayo kukhombisa izikhulumi eziqhumayo. Abanye abantu bazama ukuxazulula inkinga ngokuthenga izipikha ezinamandla amakhulu, kepha ivolumu iba phansi kakhulu.

Eqinisweni, isizathu ukuthi amandla okukhipha eyunithi yekhanda akwanele ukwenza izipikha emotweni zizwakale kakhulu. Ukuxazulula inkinga, i-amplifier ixhunywe ohlelweni lomsindo. Ake sibheke ukuthi isebenza kanjani, iyini, nokuthi ingaxhunywa kanjani ngokufanele.

Технические характеристики

Ngaphezu kokwehluka kwentengo, izikhulisi zemoto ziyehluka komunye nomunye kumapharamitha amaningi. Lezi yizindlela eziyinhloko zokukhetha izikhulisi zemoto.

Ngenombolo yeziteshi:

• 1-isiteshi. Le yi-monoblock, uhlobo olulula kakhulu lwesikhulisi. Ngokuvamile kusetshenziselwa ukuxhuma i-subwoofer. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-monoblocks. Owokuqala ngu-AB. Lokhu ukuguqulwa kwamandla aphansi okubhangqwe ne-single-ohm subwoofer. Ubuhle besimodeli esinjalo ukuthi umsindo unamandla ngokwanele, kepha ngasikhathi sinye kusetshenziswa okungenani impilo yebhethri. Uhlobo lwesibili yisigaba D. Sesivele singasebenza nama-amplifiers kusuka ku-ohms eyodwa kuya kwezine.
• 2-isiteshi. Lokhu kuguqulwa kusetshenziselwa ukuxhuma i-subwoofer eyodwa yokwenziwa (isekela umthwalo ongekho ngaphezu kwama-ohms amabili) noma izipikha ezimbili ezinamandla. Le amplifier yenza kube lula ukwandisa kahle amaza aphansi.
• 3-isiteshi. Lokhu kuguqulwa akuvamile. Eqinisweni, lesi yisikhulisi esifanayo seziteshi ezimbili, kuphela le modeli ekuvumela ukuthi uxhume i-mono eyodwa nama-stereo amabili.
• 4-isiteshi. Okuvamile ngokwengeziwe ekusebenzeni. Eqinisweni, lezi yizikhulisi zesiteshi ezimbili, ezihlanganiselwe emzimbeni owodwa. Inhloso enkulu yalokhu kuguqulwa ukushintsha ileveli yamandla ngaphambili futhi ngokwehlukile kuzipika zangemuva. Amandla ama-amplifiers anjalo afinyelela ku-100W ngesiteshi ngasinye. Umnikazi wemoto angaxhuma izipikha ezi-4 noma, esebenzisa indlela yebhuloho, ama-subwoofers amabili.
• 5-isiteshi. Njengoba umqondo uphakamisa, lokhu kuguqulwa kusetshenziselwa ukuxhuma izipikha ezine ezinamandla ne-subwoofer eyodwa (ngesiteshi se-mono).
• Isiteshi se-6. Kubiza kakhulu kunezakwabo ngenxa yezinhlobonhlobo zezinketho zokuxhuma kwe-acoustics. Ezinye zixhuma izipikha eziyi-6. Abanye - izipikha ezi-4 kanye ne-subwoofer ebrijiwe. Othile udinga lesi sikhulisi ukuze axhume ama-subwoofers amathathu (lapho ebridge).

Ngokusebenza kahle nangokuhlanekezelwa kwesiginali yomsindo:

• Isigaba. Inokuhlanekezelwa okuncane kwesiginali yomsindo futhi ikhiqiza nekhwalithi yomsindo ehamba phambili. Ngokuyinhloko, amamodeli we-premium amplifier ahambelana nalesi sigaba. Okuwukuphela kwento ebuyayo ukuthi banokusebenza kahle okuphansi (okuphezulu okungamaphesenti angama-25), futhi futhi balahlekelwa ngamandla wesiginali. Ngenxa yalokhu kusilela nezindleko eziphezulu, leli klasi alitholakali emakethe.
• B-isigaba. Ngokuqondene nezinga lokuhlanekezelwa, liphansi kancane, kepha amandla e-amplifiers anjalo asebenza kangcono. Bambalwa abathandi bomculo abakhetha izikhulisi ezinjalo ngenxa yokuhlanzeka komsindo.
• Isigaba se-AV. Kutholakala ezinhlelweni zomsindo kaningi kakhulu, ngoba izikhulisi ezinjalo zinikeza ikhwalithi yomsindo omaphakathi, amandla esignali anele, ukuhlanekezelwa okuphansi, nokusebenza kahle kusezingeni lamaphesenti angama-50. Imvamisa zithengwa ukuxhuma i-subwoofer, amandla amakhulu ayo angama-600W. Ngaphambi kokuthenga, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi ukuguqulwa okunjalo kuzoba nobukhulu obukhulu.
• D-ikilasi. Lawa ma-amps asebenza ngamasiginali edijithali. Isici sabo ngosayizi wabo ohlangene namandla amakhulu. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinga lokuhlanekezelwa kwesiginali liphansi, kepha ikhwalithi yomsindo iyahlupheka. Ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kokuguqulwa okunjalo kungamaphesenti angama-98.

Nazi ezinye izici okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha i-amplifier entsha:

1. Amandla. Imiyalo yokusebenza yedivayisi ingakhombisa ukuphakama noma amandla amakhulu kanye namandla okuzisholo. Esimweni sokuqala, le datha ayithinti ikhwalithi yomsindo nganoma iyiphi indlela. Noma kunjalo, kugcizelelwa kule parameter ukuheha abathengi abaningi. Kungcono ukugxila emandleni akaliwe.
2. Isiginali kuNoise Ratio (S / N Ratio). Isikhulisi sakha inani elithile lomsindo wangemuva ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Le pharamitha ikhombisa ukuthi isignali ekhiqizwe kabusha inamandla kangakanani kunomsindo wangemuva ovela ku-amplifier. Izikhulisi zemoto zeClass D zinesilinganiso esingu-60 kuye ku-80 dB. Isigaba AB sibonakala ngezinga lama-90-100. Isilinganiso esikahle yi-110dB.
3. I-THD (Ukuhlanekezelwa kweHarmonic). Leli yizinga lokuhlanekezela okwakhiwa i-amplifier. Le pharamitha ithinta ukuphuma komsindo. Ukuphakama kwesilinganiso, kwehlisa ikhwalithi yomsindo. Umkhawulo wale pharamitha wezikhulisi zesigaba D ungamaphesenti owodwa. Izinhlobo ze-Class AB zinesilinganiso esingaphansi kuka-0.1%
4. Isici seDamping. I-Damping Factor yi-coefficient ekhombisa ukusebenzisana phakathi kwe-amp nezipikha. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, izipikha zikhipha ukudlidlizela, okuthinta kabi ubumsulwa bomsindo. Isikhulisi sisheshisa ukubola kwalokhu kukhanya. Ukuphakama kwesilungiselelo, umsindo uzocaca ngokwengeziwe. Kuma-amplifiers esabelomali, isici sokulinganisa esivela ku-200 kuye ku-300 siyisici, isigaba esiphakathi sine-coefficient engaphezu kuka-500, namamodeli we-premium - angaphezu kuka-1000.
5. Okokufaka Kwezinga Eliphakeme Leli ipharamitha elengeziwe elikuvumela ukuthi uxhume emisakazweni engafakiwe i-line-out. Ukusebenzisa lokhu okufakwayo kukhulisa ukuhlanekezela, kepha futhi kukuvumela ukuthi uxhume usebenzisa izintambo zezipikha ezijwayelekile esikhundleni sokuxhuma okubiza kakhulu.
6. Isihlungi se-Low-pass (LPF). Lesi sihlungi kufanele sifakwe kwi-amplifier lapho i-subwoofer ixhunywe khona. Iqiniso ngukuthi liyakwazi ukudlulisa isignali ngemvamisa ephansi kuneyokusikwa. Inani laso kufanele libe yi-80-150Hz. Lesi sihlungi sikuvumela ukuthi uqondise umsindo webhasi kusipikha esifanele (i-subwoofer).
7. Isihlungi esiphakeme kakhulu (i-HPF). Izipikha zangaphambili nezingemuva zixhunywe kulesi sikhulisi. Lesi sihlungi sidlulisa kuphela isignali ngemvamisa ephezulu kune-cutoff. Le parameter kuma-acoustics ane-subwoofer kufanele isuke ku-80 iye ku-150Hz, naku-analogue enezipikha kuphela - kusuka ku-50 kuye ku-60Hz. Lesi sihlungi sivikela izipikha zemvamisa ephezulu ekulimaleni komshini ngesiginali yemvamisa ephansi - ayiyi kubo.
8. Umsebenzi we-Bridge Mode. Lesi sici sikuvumela ukuthi ukhulise kakhulu isilinganiso samandla se-amp ngokuxhuma iziteshi ezimbili zibe yinye. Le modi isetshenziswa kuzipikha ezifakwe i-subwoofer. Kulesi simo, kubalulekile ukucabangela ipharamitha yokumelana nomthwalo. Uma kuqhathaniswa nomthwalo esiteshini, le parameter iphakeme kakhulu ngoxhumano oluhlanganisiwe, ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuxhuma amadivayisi, kuyadingeka ukuthi ucabangele isilinganiso semithwalo ye-amplifier ne-subwoofer.

Kungani udinga i-amplifier

Igama ledivayisi liyazikhulumela. Kodwa-ke, ayenzi nje kuphela umsindo ovela kuzipikha zakho uzwakale. Ikuvumela ukuthi udlulise isignali ngekhwalithi engcono, ukuze kuthi lapho udlala ngale divayisi, ungezwa umehluko kuzilungiselelo ezinhle zokulinganisa.

Kubathandi bomculo webhesi, i-subwoofer ingaxhunywa kudivayisi. Futhi uma futhi uxhuma i-crossover kuhlelo lomsindo, ungajabulela umsindo kuwo wonke amaza ngaphandle kokushisa izipikha zamandla ahlukile. I-capacitor eyengeziwe kusifunda sohlelo lomsindo ngeke ivumele ama-bass ukuthi "acwile" ngesikhathi sokulayisha okuphezulu esiteshini esihlukile.

Wonke la maqhubu abalulekile ekudlulisweni komsindo osezingeni eliphakeme. Kepha ngeke zisebenze kahle ngaphandle kokuthi zinikezwe isiginali enamandla. Lo msebenzi wenziwa nge-auto amplifier.

Isebenza kanjani i-amplifier

Zonke izikhulisi zemoto zinezinto ezintathu.

1. Okokufaka. Yamukela isignali yomsindo evela kwirekhoda. Amplifier ngayinye ayinqunyelwe kuphela ngamandla wokukhipha, kodwa nangamandla wesiginali yokufaka. Uma kuphakeme kunokuzwela kwenodi yokufaka, khona-ke umculo uzophazamiseka kuzipikha. Ngakho-ke, lapho ukhetha idivaysi, kubalulekile ukuhlola ukuxhumana kwamasignali kokukhishwa okuvela kumsakazo nakokufaka ku-amplifier - noma ngabe kububanzi obufanayo.
2. Ukunikezwa kwamandla kagesi. Le yunithi ifakwe i-transformer ukukhulisa amandla wevolthi ahlinzekwa avela ebhethri. Njengoba isiginali yokulalelwayo iguquguquka, i-voltage ohlelweni lwamandla wesipikha nayo kumele ibe yakhayo futhi ibe yimbi. Uma kukhulu umehluko kulezi zinkomba, amandla e-amplifier ayakuba phezulu. Nasi isibonelo. Uma amandla kagesi aletha i-50V (+ 25V ne -25V), lapho-ke lapho usebenzisa izipikha ezinokumelana no-4 Ohm, amandla amakhulu wesikhulisi azoba ngu-625 W (isikwele samandla ka-2500V sihlukaniswe ukumelana no-4 Ohm). Lokhu kusho ukuthi umahluko omkhulu kumbane wamandla kagesi, i-amplifier inamandla amakhulu.
3. Okukhishwayo. Kule node, kwenziwa isignali yomsindo eguquliwe futhi yanikezwa izikhulumi. Ifakwe ama-transistor anamandla avulayo futhi acime kuye ngomsindo ovela kumsakazo.

Ngakho-ke, le divayisi isebenza ngokuya ngomgomo olandelayo. Isiginali ene-amplitude encane ivela kuyunithi yekhanda yohlelo lomsindo. Amandla kagesi awakhuphula epharamitha edingekayo, futhi ikhophi elikhulisiwe lalesi siginali lenziwa esigabeni sokukhipha.

Imininingwane eminingi mayelana nenqubo yokusebenza kwesikhulisi esizenzakalelayo ichazwe kuvidiyo elandelayo:

Ukubuka konke kwama-amplifiers ezimoto

Izinhlobo zesikhulisi

Konke ukuguqulwa kwamadivayisi okwandisa kuhlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili:

1. i-analogi - thola isignali ngendlela yokushintshana kwamanje namandla kagesi, kuyehluka ngokuya ngemvamisa yomsindo, bese uyayikhulisa ngaphambi kokuya kuzipikha;
2. edijithali - zisebenza ngokukhethekile ngamasignali ngefomethi yedijithali (eyodwa noziro, noma ama-pulse ngefomethi "yokuvula / ukuvala"), ukwandisa ubukhulu bawo, bese uwaguqula abe yifomu ye-analog.

Amadivayisi ohlobo lokuqala adlulisa umsindo ongashintshiwe. Ngokucaca komsindo, ukusebenza okubukhoma kuphela okungaba okungcono kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa ne-analog. Noma kunjalo, ukuqoshwa uqobo kufanele kuphelele.

Uhlobo lwesibili lwedivayisi lukuhlanekezela kancane ukuqoshwa kwangempela, kususwe ngomsindo omncane.

Ungawuzwa umehluko phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zezikhulisi ngokuzixhuma ku-turntable. Umthandi womculo uzokhetha uhlobo lokuqala lwama-amplifiers, ngoba umsindo kuzipikha kuleli cala uzoba owemvelo ngokwengeziwe (onophawu lwenaliti, olungenakuqondakala). Kodwa-ke, uma udlala umculo kusuka kwimidiya yedijithali (idiski, i-flash drive, imemori khadi), zombili izinhlobo zezikhulisi zisebenza ngokulingana.

Umehluko kulo msindo ungazwakala ekuhlolweni kwevidiyo okulandelayo (lalela ngama-headphone):

I-Digital vs. Analog - Isilingo se-Eeee esingajwayelekile!

Izikhulisi zemoto nazo zihlukaniswa ngenani leziteshi:

• isiteshi esisodwa - esisetshenziselwa ukuxhuma i-subwoofer ngesiphazamiso esiphezulu esifinyelela ku-2 ohms, sivame ukuba nokulawulwa okujwayelekile okuphansi;
• Iziteshi ezimbili - zingasetshenziselwa ukuxhuma izipikha ezimbili noma i-subwoofer eyodwa ne-impedance ngaphezu kwama-ohms ama-2;
• iziteshi ezine - zithathe indawo yesiteshi ezintathu ngenxa yokungasebenzi kwazo, lolu hlobo lwe-amplifier luvame kakhulu, ngoba ungaxhuma izikhulumi ezine noma izikhulumi ezimbili kanye ne-subwoofer eyodwa kuzo;
• iziteshi ezinhlanu - izipikha ezine ne-subwoofer eyodwa zixhunywe kubo;
• Iziteshi eziyisithupha - zisetshenziswa kuphela uma i-subwoofer inempedance ephezulu kunenani eliphakeme elivumelekile lokuguqulwa kwangaphambilini.

Ungayifaka kanjani

Ngaphambi kokufaka le divayisi, kubalulekile ukuthi uzijwayeze ngamanye ama-nuances lapho ukuphepha kwemoto nokusebenza kahle kohlelo lomsindo kuncike khona.

Ukukhetha indawo

Izici eziningana zincike ekukhetheni kwendawo yokufaka idivayisi.

• I-amplifier ishisa kakhulu ngenkathi isebenza, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukukhetha indawo lapho ukusakazwa komoya okuhle kwenzeka kakhulu. Akumele ifakwe ohlangothini lwayo, ibheke phansi, noma ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Lokhu kuzokwehla insimbi bese, okungenani, kuyeke ukusebenza. Isimo esibi kakhulu ngomlilo.
• Ukude kakhulu nomsakazo ofakelwe kuwo, ukumelana nakho kuzoba kukhulu. Lokhu kuzokwenza izikhulumi zizwakale zizolile kancane.
• I-wiring kumele iqhutshwe ngaphansi komugqa ongaphakathi, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukwenza izilinganiso ezifanele, kucatshangelwa amathuba.
• Ungayifaki kwikhabethe le-subwoofer, ngoba ayikubekezeleli ukunyakaza okukhulu.

Yiphi indawo enhle yokufaka lesi sakhi somsindo? Nazi ezinye izindawo ezine ezivamile.

1. Phambi kwekhabethe. Kuya ngemodeli yemoto. Uma kunesikhala samahhala ngaphansi kwe-torpedo futhi ngeke kuphazamise umgibeli. Le ndawo ithathwa njengelingene kahle, ngoba ukucaca okuphezulu kokuzwakalayo kutholakala (ubude bude bekhebula)
2. Ngaphansi kwesihlalo sabagibeli esingaphambili. Kukhona ukusakazeka komoya okuhle (umoya opholile uhlala usakazeka eduze kwezansi) nokufinyelela kwamahhala ocingweni. Uma kunesikhala esiningi ngaphansi kwesihlalo, kunethuba lokuthi abagibeli abasemuva kwesitolo baphoqelele insimbi ngezinyawo.
3. Amashalofu angemuva. Akusiyo inketho embi yemizimba ye-sedan ne-coupe, ngoba ngokungafani nama-hatchbacks, imile.
4. Esiqwini. Lokhu kuzoba wusizo ikakhulukazi lapho kuxhuma ama-amplifera amabili (elinye kwikhabethe elinye ku-trunk).

Izintambo zokuxhuma

Abanye abashayeli bezimoto bakholelwa ngephutha ukuthi izintambo ezijwayelekile ezondile eza nezipikha zanele ohlelweni lomsindo. Kodwa-ke, ikhebula elikhethekile liyadingeka ukunika amandla i-amplifier.

Isibonelo, umshayeli uthenge idivaysi eyi-200W. Le nkomba kumele ingezwe ngamaphesenti angama-30 (ukulahleka kokusebenza okuncane). Ngenxa yalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwe-amplifier kuzoba ngu-260 W. Isiphambano secingo lamandla sibalwa kusetshenziswa ifomula elandelayo: amandla ahlukaniswe ngevolumu (260/12). Kulokhu, ikhebula kufanele livumelane ne-21,6A yamanje.

Abasebenza ngogesi abazenzakalelayo bayeluleka ukuthi kuthengwe izintambo ngomugqa omncane onqenqemeni ukuze ukufakwa kwabo kungancibeki ngenxa yokushisa. Ngemuva kokubalwa okunjalo, abaningi bayamangala ukuthi i-wiring ye-amplifier izoba yinkulu kangakanani.

Fuse

I-fuse kumele ibe khona kunoma iyiphi isekethe kagesi, ikakhulukazi uma iphatha okwamanje nge-amperage enkulu. Kuyisici sefusible esiphula umjikelezo lapho kufudumele. Kuzovikela ingaphakathi lemoto emlilweni ngenxa yesifunda esifushane.

I-fuse yezinhlelo ezinjalo ihlala ibukeka njengesigaxa seglasi esinomgogodla wensimbi owenziwe ngaphakathi. Lokhu kulungiswa kunokudonsa okuphambili. Oxhumana nabo kubo bavaliwe, ngenxa yokuthi amandla edivayisi alahlekile.

Izinketho eziningi zefuse ezibizayo zifakwe iziqeshana ze-bolt ukuvikela ipuleti elisebenzayo. Oxhumana naye ekuxhumaneni okunjalo akanyamalaleli ekushintsheni okungapheli ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwemoto.

Le nto yokuvikela kufanele ifakwe eduze kwebhethri ngangokunokwenzeka - ngaphakathi kwamasentimitha angama-30. Ukulungiswa okudlula umthamo wethambo akunakusetshenziswa. Isibonelo, uma ikhebula likwazi ukumelana namandla ka-30A, i-fuse kuleli cala akumele idlule inani le-50A.

Intambo yokuxhumeka

Lokhu akufani nekhebula lamandla. Ucingo oluxhumeka luxhumanisa umphumela womsakazo ne-amplifier. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wale nto ukudlulisa isiginali yomsindo kusuka kwirekhoda le-tode liye endaweni yokufaka ye-amplifier ngaphandle kokulahleka kwekhwalithi.

Intambo enjalo kufanele ihlale inokufakwa okuqinile okunokuvikela okugcwele kanye nomqhubi wesikhungo obukhulu. Kufanele ithengwe ngokwahlukana, njengoba ihlala iza nenketho yesabelomali.

Imidwebo yokuxhuma yesikhulisi

Ngaphambi kokuthenga i-amplifier, udinga ukunquma ukuthi izikhulumi zizoxhunywa kusiphi isikhulumi nge-amplifier. Kunezinketho ezintathu zokuxhuma:

• Kuyavumelana. Le ndlela ifanele izipikha ezifakwe izikhulumi ezigcwele ngokugcwele neziphansi ezixhunywe ku-amplifier. Ngenxa yalokhu, uhlelo oluneziteshi ezine luzosabalalisa amandla esignali ezinhlangothini;
• Iyafana. Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuthi uxhume izipikha ze-impedance eziphakeme kudivayisi engakhelwanga i-impedance yokulayisha okuphezulu. Le ndlela futhi ikuvumela ukuthi uxhume izikhulumi ezinemvamisa ephezulu nokuguqulwa kwe-wideband uma ukuxhumana kwe-serial kunganikanga ivolumu efanayo kuzo zonke izipikha (esinye sazo sizwakala sithule kakhulu noma sizwakala kakhulu);
• I-serial-parallel. Lo mklamo usetshenziselwa ukudala izinhlelo zesipikha eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe. Imvamisa isetshenziswa ezimweni lapho ukuxhuma izipikha eziningana kwisikhulisi esineziteshi ezimbili kunganikanga umphumela oyifunayo.

Okulandelayo, udinga ukunquma ukuthi i-amplifier izoxhunywa kanjani kumsakazo. Lokhu kungenziwa kusetshenziswa izintambo zesipika noma imiphumela yomugqa.

Cabanga ngezici zesikimu ngasinye esingenhla sokuxhuma izipikha ku-amplifier.

Kuyavumelana

Kulokhu, i-subwoofer ixhunywe ochungechungeni nesipikha esingakwesobunxele noma sesokudla kwisikhulisi seziteshi ezimbili. Uma imoto yesikhulisi esine-4 ifakiwe emotweni, i-subwoofer ixhunywe ngendlela yebhuloho noma esikhaleni sesiteshi ngakwesobunxele noma kwesokudla.

Ukuze kube lula, i-terminal enhle yenziwa yabanzi kunaleyo enegethivu. Ukuxhumeka kwenziwa ngale ndlela elandelayo. Isipikha esingesihle sesipikha sangemuva se-wideband sixhunywe esigungwini esihle se-subwoofer. Izintambo zesipika ezivela ku-amplifier zixhunywe kumatheminali wamahhala wesipikha ne-subwoofer.

Qinisekisa ukuthi izingongolo zilungile ngaphambi kokusebenzisa uhlelo lwesipikha. Kulokhu, ibhethri eliyi-1.5-volt lixhunywe ezintanjeni. Uma ulwelwesi lwesipikha luhamba luye ohlangothini olulodwa, khona-ke ubukhulu buqondile. Ngaphandle kwalokho, oxhumana nabo bashintshaniswa.

Impedance kuzo zonke izikhulumi kufanele ifane. Ngaphandle kwalokho, isikhulumi ngasinye sizokhala kakhulu noma sithule.

Iyafana

Kulokhu, ama-tweeters noma i-subwoofer ixhunywe kuzipikha eziyinhloko ngokufana. Njengoba ulwelwesi lwe-tweeter lungabonakali, ubumbano kufanele buhlolwe ngendlebe. Nganoma yimuphi umsindo ongajwayelekile, izintambo ziyahlehliswa.

Kusebenza kangcono ukuxhuma izintambo hhayi ezimbili ngazimbili kusokhethi elilodwa, kepha ukusebenzisa ikhebuli yesipikha enamagatsha. Izintambo ezivela kuzipikha zifrintiwe ziye komunye wemikhawulo yazo, futhi ukuze i-junction ingafaki i-oxidize, kufanele ifakwe ngotape kagesi noma i-cambric eshisa ukushisa.

I-serial-parallel

Le ndlela yokuxhumana ikuvumela ukuthi unikeze umsindo wekhwalithi ephezulu. Lo mphumela utholakala ngokuhlanganisa izipikha, nangokufanisa impedance yazo nenkomba efanayo lapho kukhishwa i-amplifier.

Kulokhu, kunokuhlukahluka okuningi kokuxhumeka kwesipika. Isibonelo, i-subwoofer nesipikha sebanga eligcwele zixhunywe ochungechungeni. Ngokufana nesipikha se-broadband, i-twitter isaxhunyiwe.

Ungaxhuma kanjani ngezandla zakho

Awudingi ukuba nolwazi olujulile kagesi ukuze uxhume i-amplifier. Kwanele ukulandela imiyalo eza nedivaysi. Kungakhathaleki ukuthi uhlelo lushintshiwe, ukuxhumana kwenziwa ngale ndlela elandelayo.

1. Okokuqala, icala le-amplifier lilungiswa endaweni ekhethiweyo yemoto (lapho engeke idlule khona).

2. Ukuvimbela ukuqhekeka ngengozi komugqa, i-wiring kufanele ibekwe ngaphansi komugqa ongaphakathi. Ukwenza kanjani lokhu kunqunywa ngumnikazi wemoto uqobo. Kodwa-ke, lapho ubeka ikhebula lokuxhumeka, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi indawo esondelene nenethiwekhi yamandla omshini izowaphambukisa isiginali yomsindo ngenxa yemisebe ye-electromagnetic.

inketho yokuqala yokubeka ikhebula lamandla

3. Ikhebula lamandla lingagudluzwa lapho kuhanjwa khona ngentambo kwe-inthanethi kwezintambo. Ngasikhathi sinye, kubalulekile ukuyilungisa ukuze ingawi ngaphansi kwezinto ezihamba phambili zomshini - isondo eliqondisa, abagwedli noma abagijimayo (lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka uma umsebenzi ungenziwa uchwepheshe). Ezindaweni lapho ikhebula lidlula khona odongeni lomzimba, kumele kusetshenziswe ama-grommets epulasitiki. Lokhu kuzovikela ukuhanjiswa ngocingo. Ukuphepha okukhulu, umugqa kufanele ubekwe kusetshenziswa ishubhu (ishubhu elenziwe ngodaka elenziwe ngezinto ezingashisi).

4. Intambo engemihle (emnyama) kumele iqondiswe emzimbeni wemoto. Kulokhu, ama-screws we-self-tap and twist awakwazi ukusetshenziswa - izigaxa ezinamantongomane kuphela, futhi iphuzu lokuxhumana kufanele lihlanzwe. I-terminal eku-amplifier emakwe nge-GND ingumhlaba, noma minus. I-Remote ukugcina iyindawo yokuxhuma i-wire control kusukela kumsakazo (ingafakwa amandla axhumeka kusixhumi se-antenna). Ithumela isiginali ukuthi isebenze lapho okurekhoda kuvuliwe. Imvamisa kunentambo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma umucu omhlophe ekhishini ngale njongo.

inketho yesibili yokubeka intambo yamandla

5. Intambo yesiginali ixhunywe kusixhumi se-Line-Out (radio) ne-Line-in (amplifier). Amamodeli amaningi anokuningi kulawa jacks: ngaphambili (Front), emuva (ngemuva), subwoofer (Sub).

6. Izipikha zizoxhunywa ngokuya ngemanuwali yencwadi yazo.

7. Kuthiwani uma umsakazo ungamasiteshi amabili bese i-amplifier iyisiteshi ezine? Kulokhu, sebenzisa intambo yokuxhuma nesihlukanisi. Inama-tulips amabili ngakolunye uhlangothi kanti amane kwelinye.

Ukuxhuma i-amplifier kumsakazo ngaphandle kwama-tulips

Izinhlobo zomsakazo zemoto eziphansi kakhulu zinezixhumi ezivamile ngeziqeshana. Kulokhu, kuzodingeka uthenge i-adaptha ekhethekile ukuxhuma ikhebula lomugqa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inezintambo ezijwayelekile, ngakolunye - "omama be-tulip".

Ukuze izintambo eziphakathi kwe-adaptha nomsakazo zingaphuli ngenxa yokugudluza njalo kwensimbi, ungayisonga ngensimbi ye-foam (ngeke isheshe ngenkathi ushayela) futhi uyilayishe ekhanda lekhanda.

Ungaxhuma kanjani ama-amplifera amabili noma ngaphezulu

Lapho kuxhuma insimbi yokwandisa yesibili, kufanele kucatshangwe izici ezingeziwe.

• Kudingeka i-capacitor enamandla (okungenani i-1F). Kufakwe ngokuxhunyaniswa parallel nebhethri.
• Ukuxhumana kwentambo yesiginali kuncike ekushintsheni kwama-amplifera uqobo. Imiyalo izokhombisa lokhu. Imvamisa i-crossover (imvamisa yokusabalalisa i-microcontroller) isetshenziselwa lokhu.

Kungani udinga i-crossover nokuthi uyimisa kanjani ichazwe kusibuyekezo esilandelayo:

Umsindo wemoto. Izimfihlo Zezilungiselelo # 1. ICrossover.

Ukuxhuma i-amplifier eneziteshi ezimbili nezine

Ukuxhuma i-amplifier, ngaphezu kwedivayisi uqobo, uzodinga futhi izintambo ezikhethekile. Njengoba sekushiwo, izintambo zesiginali kufanele zibe nesikrini esisezingeni eliphezulu ukuze umsindo ungakheki emsindweni. Izintambo zikagesi kumele zimelane nemithamo ephakeme.

Ama-analogs eziteshi ezimbili nezine anezindlela ezifanayo zokuxhuma, kuya ngomphumela ofuna ukuwuthola.

Isikhulisi sesiteshi ezimbili

Izinhlobo zeziteshi ezimbili zithandwa kakhulu ngabathandi bomsindo wemoto. Ku-acoustics yebhajethi, ukuguqulwa okunjalo kusetshenziswa njenge-amplifier yezipika zangaphambili noma ukuxhuma i-subwoofer. Nakhu ukuthi i-amplifier enjalo izoxhunywa kanjani kuzimo zombili:

• Ama-acoustics angaphambili. Kulokhu, i-amplifier izosetshenziswa ku-stereo. Kulokhu, ikhebula lesiginali lingaxhunywa ezingeni eliphakeme (uma irekhodi lerekhodi lomsakazo lingenayo imiphumela yomugqa, i-amplifier inembobo yokufaka esezingeni eliphakeme yalokhu) noma ezingeni eliphansi (lapho irekhodi lerekhodi lomsakazo linemiphumela eqondile - amajack ajwayelekile ohlobo lwe "tulip"). Lapho uxhuma, kubalulekile ukuthi ungadidanisi ubumbano neziteshi. Kufanele futhi usebenzise i-HPF noma isihlungi sephasi esiphansi. Kulokhu, umthwalo esiteshini ngasinye ungaba ama-2 ohms.
• I-Subwoofer. Kulokhu, i-amplifier ixhunywe kumodi "yebhuloho". Lolu hlelo luyatholakala kumamodeli amaningi wesiteshi esingu-4. Uhlelo lumi kanjena. Ukuhlanganiswa kwesiteshi esisodwa se-amplifier kanye nokususwa kwesinye kuthathwe futhi kwaxhunyaniswa ne-subwoofer. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi iningi lamamodeli lisebenza ngomthwalo omncane kumodi yebhuloho kusuka ku-50 Ohm. Kusikimu esinjalo sokuxhuma, uzodinga isihlungi se-LPF. Isika amasiginali ngemvamisa ye-100-XNUMXHz evela ku-subwoofer.  

Isikhulisi sesiteshi ezine

Ukuxhuma i-amplifier enjalo kunesifunda esicishe sifane. Umehluko kuphela ukukwazi ukuxhuma izikhulumi ezine noma izikhulumi ezimbili kanye ne-subwoofer. Udinga ukunika amandla idivayisi usebenzisa ikhebula eliwugqinsi.

Ezimweni eziningi, kanye nesikhulisi, ikhithi ifaka nemiyalo yokuxhuma ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene. Lokhu kusebenza kuzo zombili izindlela zestiriyo (izipikha zixhunywe ngokuya nge-polarity ekhonjiswe kumdwebo kumiyalo) kanye ne-mono (izikhulumi ezi-2 ne-sub).

Ukuxhuma i-subwoofer, kufanele ulandele imiyalo yesikhulumi ngokucophelela. Umdwebo wokuxhuma uyefana nokuxhuma i-subwoofer kwisikhulisi esineziteshi ezimbili - iziteshi ezimbili zihlanganisiwe zaba yibhuloho elilodwa. Kuphela eziteshini ezine, izikhulumi ezimbili nazo zixhunyiwe.

Ungasixhuma kanjani isikhulisi esineziteshi ezinhlanu

Kule nguqulo, idivayisi ixhunywe kubhethri ngendlela efanayo nanoma iyiphi enye i-amplifier. Ukuxhuma kwirekhoda yomsakazo nakho akuhlukile. Umehluko kuphela ekuxhumaneni kwesipika.

Njengoba sishilo, kuzinguqulo ezinemigudu emihlanu, iziteshi ezine zenzelwe ukondla isinali kuzipikha. I-subwoofer ihlala esiteshini sesihlanu. Njengoba i-tweeter idinga amandla amaningi, isabelo sebhubesi samandla we-amplifier sizosetshenziselwa ukushayela ulwelwesi olungaphansi.

Ububi balezi amplifiers ukuthi ama-bass amakhulu athatha cishe wonke amandla avela kuma-tweeters. Ngalesi sizathu, lokhu kuguqulwa kuthengwa ngabanikazi bezimoto abakwazisa ubuhle bomculo nokujula kwawo wonke amaza, hhayi ivolumu yomculo. AmaTweets angabekwa kuzikhonkwane ezifanayo nezipika zangaphambili (uxhumano olufanayo).

Ungayisetha kanjani i-amplifier

Ukulungisa kahle i-amplifier kungenye into ethinta ikhwalithi yomsindo womculo emotweni. Uma kungekho okuhlangenwe nakho kokwenza izilungiselelo ezinjalo, kungcono ukuthi ufune usizo lochwepheshe okokuqala ngqa. Uma izilungiselelo zingalungile, ungashisa isiteshi noma ulimaze ulwelwesi lwesipikha (i-twitter izamile ukukhiqiza ama-bass, futhi yaphuka).

Nayi imingcele oyidingayo ukusetha ku-amplifier yezinhlobo ezithile zezikhulisa-zwi:

• Isihlungi se-HPF noma se-High Pass. Isikhulisi se-subwoofer kufanele sisethwe cishe ngama-20Hz. Kumashayeli we-midrange, i-HPF isethwe cishe ku-80Hz. Lokhu kuzonquma amaza aphansi isikhulumi esingakwazi ukuwadlulisa. Uma ama-tweeters exhunywe ngokwehlukile ku-amplifier, khona-ke le pharamitha yabo isethwe kuma-5000Hz aphezulu (kuya ngemodeli yabo).
• I-LPF noma isihlungi sephasi eliphansi. Ku-amplifier subwoofer, lesi sihlungi sisethwe phakathi kuka-50 no-80Hz. Ngokukhethwa kwe-midrange, i-cutoff kufanele ibe ngaphezulu kwe-1600Hz. Kwama-twitters, ungenza umkhawulo we-20Hz, kepha lokhu akubalulekile.
• Ukuzuza noma ukuzwela kokufakwayo okuvela emsakazweni. Le ipharamitha ekuvumela ukuthi uqondanise i-amplifier kanye nerekhoda yomsakazo. Ukuzwela kukalwa ngama-volts. Ukwengeza lesi silungiselelo kukhulisa ivolumu yezipikha. Lapho ulungisa le parameter kuzipikha ze-subwoofer, kufanele ucishe isilinganisi nezinye izinketho ezilawula ama-bass. Sizokunaka kakhulu ukushuna kukaGein ngemuva kwesikhashana.
• ISubsonic isihlungi esezingeni eliphansi esihlukanisayo esika i-infrasound. Ingatholakala kuma-subwoofer amplifiers (monoblocs). Ngokuzenzakalelayo, le parameter kufanele isethwe ku-25Hz.
• I-Bassboost. Lokhu ukulawula okuzenzakalelayo ukuthi kumvamisa othize (imvamisa ebangeni le-40-45Hz) kukhulisa ivolumu yesipika. Uma oqalayo elungisa i-amplifier, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuthi ungasiphenduli lesi silawuli, ngoba kunamathuba aphezulu okushisa i-sub.
• I-X-over. Lokhu ukushintsha kwezihlungi ezahlukahlukene. Itholakala kumamodeli angenazo izilungiselelo ezihlukile zesihlungi ngasinye. I-HPF - amasiginali wemvamisa ephezulu ayanqunywa, i-LPF - amasiginali wemvamisa ephansi ayanqunywa, izihlungi ezigcwele azisetshenziswa.
• Isigaba - Lesi silungiselelo sikuvumela ukuthi ushintshe izigaba zesipika. Uma ungenalo ulwazi kuzilungiselelo, kungcono ukuthi ungathinti le switch.
• Master / Isigqila. Lokhu kushintshela kukuvumela ukuthi ubambe izipikha. Isikhundla sokuqala sithinta ukuxhumana okuvela ku- "tulips" (RCA) okuvela emsakazweni, bese kuthi okwesibili kusethwe uma i-monoblock ixhunyiwe.

Ake sikhulume kancane ngokuthi ungayilungisa kanjani kahle ipharamitha ye-Gain. Kunezindlela ezimbili. Owokuqala uzodinga usizo lozakwethu. Okokuqala, emsakazweni, ivolumu yomculo isethwe kunani eliphansi. Ngemuva kwalokho kufakwe ukwakheka, okuvame ukuzwakala emotweni, futhi kuyaziwa ukuthi kufanele kuzwakale kanjani.

Umthamo wedivayisi usethwe kancane kancane ube cishe amakota amathathu wenani eliphakeme. Uma umsindo uqala ukuhlanekezela ekuqaleni, khona-ke kufanele uyeke ukukhulisa ivolumu, bese wehlisa ukulungiswa ngokuhlukaniswa okumbalwa.

Okulandelayo, i-amplifier isethwe. Umsizi kancane kancane wandisa amandla okuzuza ngemuva kwe-amplifier kuze kuvele ukuphazamiseka okusha. Lapho nje umculo uqala ukuzwakala ungeyona eyemvelo, kufanele ume futhi wenqabe ukulungiswa cishe ngamaphesenti ayi-10.

Indlela yesibili izodinga ukulanda imisindo ekhethekile eyenzelwe ukulungisa amapharamitha ahlukahlukene wesikhulisi. Le misindo ibizwa ngama-sinus. Ukushuna i-subwoofer, imvamisa isethelwe ku-40 noma ku-50 (uma isipikha sisebhokisini elivaliwe). Uma i-midbass isethiwe, khona-ke isisekelo kufanele sibe yipharamitha cishe ye-315Hz.

Okulandelayo, inqubo efanayo yenziwa njengasendleleni edlule. Irekhoda yomsakazo isethwe kokungenani, i-sine ivuliwe (umsindo wethoni ozwakala kumvamisa othize, uma ushintsha, uzwakala ngokushesha), futhi kancane kancane ivolumu yengezwa kuze kuvele ukuphazamiseka. Lokhu kuzoba umsindo omkhulu emsakazweni.

Okulandelayo, i-amplifier ishuniwe ngendlela efanayo nasendleleni yokuqala. Inzuzo yengezwa kuze kuvele ukuhlanekezela, ngemuva kwalokho ukulawula kuhanjiswe phansi ngamaphesenti ayi-10.

Indlela yokukhetha yokukhulisa

Noma iyiphi imishini, ikakhulukazi evumela ukuthi ukhiphe umsindo omsulwa kwidijithali, inezici zayo. Njengoba isiqopha-mazwi serediyo, izipikha, i-amplifier nenye imishini ye-elektroniki isebenza ngenqwaba eyodwa, i-amplifier entsha kufanele ifane nezinye izakhi zohlelo lomsindo. Nazi izinkomba odinga ukugxila kuzo lapho ukhetha i-amplifier entsha:

1. Amandla esiteshini ngasinye;
2. Isipika esingasemuva namandla alinganiselwe we-subwoofer. Le pharamitha kufanele ibe ngaphezulu kancane kunamandla esiteshi esisodwa ku-amplifier. Ngenxa yalokhu, kuzokwazi ukufeza umsindo ohlanzekile futhi izipikha ngeke "ziminyanise" kusuka ekulayisheni ngokweqile;
3. Layisha ukumelana. Umthwalo wesikhulisi imishini ye-acoustic. Okudingeka kuqala kufanele kube umdlalo wokumelana kuzipika naku-amplifier. Isibonelo, uma izipikha zine-impedance yama-4 ohms, khona-ke i-amplifier kufanele ibe nenani elifanayo. Kujwayelekile ukuthi isipikha seqe impedance yesikhulisi. Uma lo mehluko wehlukile (i-amplifier inezipikha eziningi), khona-ke kunamathuba amakhulu okuthi zombili i-amplifier kanye ne-acoustics ziphume;
4. Imvamisa yesikhulisi semoto kufanele isuke ku-20 hertz iye kuma-kilohertz angama-20. Uma lokhu kusabalala kukhulu, kusho ukuthi kungcono kakhulu, kuphela lokhu okuzothinta izindleko zemishini;
5. Ukuba khona kwe-crossover. Lapho uthenga i-amplifier yesimanje, lesi sici kufanele futhi sicatshangelwe. Kumamodeli amaningi, kujwayelekile. Le nto ikuvumela ukuthi ushintshe izindlela futhi usebenzise i-amplifier kumabanga ahlukahlukene wemvamisa;
6. Ukuba khona komugqa we-transistor okukhiphayo, uma kunesidingo sokuxhuma i-amplifier yesibili.

Ungayikhetha kanjani i-amplifier uma kufakwa i-subwoofer

Kungaba nokuhlelwa okuningi kohlelo lwesipikha semoto. Ukukhethwa kwesikhulisi kwenziwa ngokuhambisana nemingcele echazwe ngenhla. Kodwa uma i-subwoofer isivele ifakiwe emotweni, khona-ke ngaphezu kwalezi zimingcele, udinga ukukhetha imodeli yeziteshi ezimbili. Ngendlela, lapho ukhetha idivaysi, udinga ukuqiniseka ukuthi isekela ukubopha. Ubuningi obukhulu bamamodeli anjalo busemakethe yezinsiza ezizenzakalelayo.

Njengoba sibonile ekuqaleni, ukubopha kubhekisa kundlela yokuxhuma ethembele kuziteshi ezimbili zesikhulisa nge-subwoofer isikhulumi ngasinye. Izinhlobo ze-Amp ezingaxhasi ukuvaleka zixhunywe ngendlela ekhethekile ukuze isignali evela eziteshini ze-amplifier ifingqwe kusipikha se-subwoofer. Ezinye izikhulumi zokuxhumana zenza lokhu ngokuxhuma amasiginali kusuka kokukhiphayo kwama-amplifier amaningi (uma kusetshenziswa ikhoyili yezwi ekabili ku-subwoofer)

Ngalokhu kuxhumeka, izintambo zesiginali ezivela ku-amplifier zixhunywe ku-windings yesipikha se-subwoofer (kufanele kugcinwe i-polarity). Uma kukhona i-subwoofer eyodwa kuphela egoqayo, kuzodingeka uthenge isengezo esikhethekile. Ngalokhu kuxhumeka, i-amplifier idlulisa isignali ye-mono ngamabili amandla wesiteshi ngasinye, kepha kulokhu akukho ukulahleka lapho kwenziwa ukufingqwa kwesiginali.

Indlela eyinkimbinkimbi ingasetshenziswa ukuxhuma i-subwoofer ekhona ku-amplifier entsha. Kulokhu, zonke iziteshi zesikhulisi zisebenzisela uhlelo lwesipikha esehlukile, kepha zifingqelwa i-subwoofer ngemuva kwesikhashana. Ukugwema ukulayisha ngokweqile ifoni, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi amabanga amaza eziteshi angahlali. Kulokhu, idivayisi yokuhlunga engenzi lutho ixhunywe esiteshini sokukhipha. Kepha kungcono ukubeka ukuxhumana okunjalo kochwepheshe.

Ividiyo: ungayixhuma kanjani i-amplifier ngezandla zakho

Lapho ukhetha i-amplifier ye-auto, kubalulekile ukuthi unake ukuthi imishini eyengeziwe idinga ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukunakekela ukwethenjwa kwebhethri ukuze kuthi lapho kwenzeka ngokungafanele ivele ibanjelwe. Ungafunda ukuthi ungahlola kanjani impilo yebhethri kusuka isihloko esihlukile.

Ngemininingwane yokuthi ungaxhuma kanjani i-amplifier, bheka ividiyo:

Ungasixhuma kanjani isandisi semoto

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Ungayixhuma kanjani i-amplifier yesiteshi esingu-4 kwirekhoda yomsakazo ene-1 RCA. Kunezinketho ezimbili zalesi sakhiwo. Okokuqala ukuthenga ama-Y-splitters. Le inketho eshibhile, kepha inezinkinga ezimbalwa. Okokuqala, kuthinta kabi ikhwalithi yomsindo. Okwesibili, akunakwenzeka ukushintsha ibhalansi phakathi kwezipikha zisebenzisa ukulawula okufanele emsakazweni. Lokhu kuzodinga ukuguqulwa kwisikhulisi uqobo. Indlela yesibili isebenzisa i-amplifier eneziteshi ezimbili, exhuma kwimiphumela yayo yomugqa. I-amplifier eneziteshi ezimbili ixhunywe kwirekhoda yomsakazo, futhi i-amplifier eneziteshi ezine ixhunywe kuyo. Ububi besixha esinjalo buyafana - akunakwenzeka ukulungisa ibhalansi yezipikha zangaphambili / ezingemuva zomsakazo. Okwesithathu - kufakwa iprosesa / isilinganisi phakathi kweyunithi yekhanda nesikhulisi. Okubi okubalulekile izindleko eziphezulu, kanye nobunzima bokuxhumeka.

Ungaxhuma kanjani ama-amplifiers amabili kumsakazo we-1 RCA. Indlela elula yokwenza lokhu nge-Y-splitters. Kepha kulokhu, kuzoba nokuphazamiseka. Indlela elandelayo i-amplifier yesiteshi esingu-4 ihlala kuma-midbass naku-tweeters. I-amplifier yesiteshi esingu-1 ishayela izipikha ezingemuva. Kaningi, lesi yisigaxa esisetshenziswayo.

Ungaxhuma kanjani i-amplifier kuyunithi lekhanda? Okokuqala, i-amplifier ixhunywe ohlelweni lwamandla emoto (amatheminali amahle nebi ebhethri). Ngemuva kwalokho, kusetshenziswa ikhebula, izixhumi ze-Line-in (kwi-amplifier) ​​ne-Line-out (emsakazweni) ziyaxhunywa. Ixhunywe ku-amplifier yesipikha.

Ungaxhuma kanjani i-amplifier nge-light bulb? Ukukhanya esifundeni esiphakathi kwe-amplifier nebhethri kuyadingeka ukuvimbela isifunda esifushane esifundeni. Ngalokhu kuxhuma, isibani kufanele sikhanye ngokugqamile bese sicima, noma sikhanye ngokufiphele-ngokufiphele. Le ndlela yokuxhumana isetshenziswa nayizimfundamakhwela ukuzenzela wena. Indlela elula ukuxhuma i-amplifier nge-break circuit breaker evulekile.