Ungaligcina kanjani ibhethri lemoto yakho

Isitoreji sebhethri lemoto

Umsebenzi omkhulu webhethri emotweni ukuqala injini. Ngakho-ke, ukuzinza kwe "iron horse" lakho kuncike ekusebenzeni kwayo. Isikhathi esiyingozi kakhulu sebhethri ubusika, ngoba isikhathi sokuphumula eside emakhazeni sinomthelela omubi kakhulu ekusebenzeni okulungile kwanoma yiliphi ibhethri, nebhethri lemoto alinjalo.

Kulesi sihloko, sizokhuluma ngokuthi ungayilungiselela kanjani ibhethri ebusika nokuthi ungayigcina kanjani ngendlela efanele ukuze ikukhonze ngokwethembeka iminyaka eminingi.

Izinhlobo zebhethri

Kunezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko zamabhethri:

• Kusetshenzisiwe. Lawa mabhethri agcwele i-liquid electrolyte. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwemishini kagesi yemoto, amanzi avela emathinini ayahwamuka, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuthi ngezikhathi ezithile uhlole izinga le-electrolyte nobukhulu bayo. Ukwenza izinqubo ezinjalo, izimbobo zokubuka zenziwa emabhange.

• Ukugcinwa okuphansi. Ukuguqulwa okunjalo kunembobo eyodwa yokugcwalisa futhi ifakwe i-valve (impahla yokwenziwa kwayo injoloba emelana ne-asidi). Lo mklamo unciphisa ukulahleka kwamanzi avela ku-electrolyte. Lapho ingcindezi iphakama, i-valve ibangelwa ukugwema ukucindezelwa komzimba.
• Akugadiwe. Kumabhethri anjalo, i-gassing incishisiwe. Lo mphumela ungatholakala ngokuqondisa umoya-mpilo owakhiwe eduze kwe-electrode eyakhayo uye kokubi, lapho uzosabela khona nge-hydrogen, lapho amanzi aphuphuma ngokushesha abuyela esimweni soketshezi. Ukusheshisa lokhu kuphendula, i-thickener ingezwa ku-electrolyte. Ibamba amabhamuza e-oxygen kusixazululo, okubenza babe sethubeni lokushaya i-electrode engeyona. Kokunye ukuguqulwa, i-liquid electrolyte iyaqhubeka nokuthelwa, kepha ukugcina ama-electrode emanzi, kufakwa kuwo i-fiberglass enezimbotshana ezincanyana. Amamodeli anjalo we-accumulators asebenza kangcono uma kuqhathaniswa ne-gel, kepha ngenxa yokuxhumana okungalungile ketshezi nezinduku, insiza yabo imfushane.

Isigaba samabhethri ahlinzekwayo nalawo asezingeni eliphansi afaka:

1. Uma amapuleti okuhola aqukethe amaphesenti angaphezu kwama-5 we-antimony, ukuguqulwa okunjalo kubizwa ngokuthi i-antimony. Le nto yengezwa ukunciphisa ukubola komthofu. Ububi bamabhethri anjalo inqubo esheshayo ye-sulfation (kaningi udinga ukufaka i-distillate), ngakho-ke namuhla awavamile ukusetshenziswa.
2. Ukuguqulwa okuphansi kwe-antimony kumacwecwe okuhola kuqukethe i-antimony engaphansi kuka-5%, okwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwamabhethri (agcinwa isikhathi eside futhi abamba imali kangcono).
3. Amabhethri e-calcium aqukethe i-calcium esikhundleni se-antimony. Amamodeli anjalo akhulise ukusebenza kahle. Amanzi akuzo awahwamuki kakhulu njengakuma-antimony, kepha ayazwela ekukhipheni okujulile. Umshayeli akufanele avunyelwe ukukhipha ngokuphelele ibhethri, ngaphandle kwalokho izokwehluleka ngokushesha.
4. Amabhethri e-hybrid aqukethe kokubili i-antimony ne-calcium. Amapuleti amahle aqukethe i-antimony, kanti lawo amabi aqukethe i-calcium. Le nhlanganisela ikuvumela ukuthi uzuze "incazelo yegolide" phakathi kokuthembeka nokusebenza kahle. Azizweli ekukhipheni njengabalingani bazo be-calcium.

Amabhethri angenawo ama-Maintenance ayamelana nokuzikhipha (ekushiseni okungama- + 20, alahlekelwa kuphela yi-2% yenkokhelo yawo ngenyanga). Azikhiphi intuthu enobuthi. Lesi sigaba sifaka:

1. Ijeli. Esikhundleni se-electrolyte ewuketshezi, la mabhethri agcwaliswa nge-silica gel. Kulolo shintsho ukukhishwa nokuwohloka kwamapuleti akufakiwe. Unemijikelezo yokushaja / yokukhipha efinyelela ku-600, kepha idinga ukushajwa okuphezulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke, kufanele kusetshenziswe amashaja akhethekile kulokhu.
2. I-AGM (ukumunca). Lawa mabhethri asebenzisa i-electrolyte engamanzi. Phakathi kwamapuleti okuhola kukhona i-fiberglass ekhethekile yebhola kabili. Ingxenye eboshwe kahle ihlinzeka ukuxhumana okungaguquki kwamapuleti nge-electrolyte, kanti ingxenye enkulu ye-pore inikeza amabhamuza e-oksijeni akhiwe kumacwecwe ahlukile ukuze asabele nge-hydrogen. Azidingi ukushaja okunembile, kepha lapho amandla evuka, icala lingakhukhumala. Izinsizakusebenza - imijikelezo engafika ku-300.

Ingabe ngidinga ukususa ibhethri ebusika

Bonke abashayeli bahlukaniswe amakamu amabili. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi ibhethri liyazwela emazingeni okushisa aphansi, ngakho-ke, ukuqala ngokushesha injini, bayalisusa ibhethri ebusuku. Lezi zakamuva zinesiqiniseko sokuthi inqubo enjalo ingalimaza i-elektroniki yomshini (yehlisa izilungiselelo).

Amabhethri anamuhla amelana nesithwathwa, ngakho-ke amabhethri amasha angazange aqede insiza yawo awadingi ukugcinwa egumbini elifudumele. I-electrolyte ekuzo inesibalo esanele sokuvimbela ukwenziwa kwamakhemikhali okugcwala kwamanzi.

Endabeni yamamodeli amadala acishe aqeda insiza yawo, le nqubo izokwelula kancane "impilo" yebhethri. Emakhazeni, ku-electrolyte ephelelwe ngamandla, amanzi angaqina, ngakho-ke awashiywa isikhathi eside emakhazeni. Kodwa-ke, le nqubo iyisilinganiso sesikhashana ngaphambi kokuthenga ibhethri elisha (lokuthi ungalihlola kanjani ibhethri, funda lapha). Umthombo wamandla wakudala ufa ngezinga elifanayo, kokubanda nasekushiseni.

Kunconywa ukuthi unqamule ibhethri uma imoto ingenzi lutho isikhathi eside. Kunezizathu ezimbili zalokhu. Okokuqala, noma amadivayisi evaliwe, isekethe kagesi linikwa amandla, futhi ama-microcurrents ahamba ngalo. Okwesibili, ibhethri elinamandla elixhunyiwe elishiywe linganakiwe lingaba umthombo wokushisa.

Ukulungiselela ibhethri ebusika

Isikhathi sokuphumula eside sasebusika senza ukuthi ibhethri likhiphe ngokushesha. Lokhu kuyiqiniso, futhi akukho lapho ungabalekela khona, kepha kungenzeka ukunciphisa umonakalo odaleke ezintweni zikagesi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, mane ususe ukuphela okukodwa ebhethri lakho. Lokhu ngeke kuthinte isimo semoto, okungenani kube kubi kakhulu, kepha izinto eziningi uzogcina kusuka esidingweni sokusebenza eqhweni. Sikukwazisa ukuthi unqamule oxhumana naye ongemuhle kuqala, bese kuphela oxhumana naye ovumayo. Lokhu kuzogwema amasekethe amafushane.

Ibhethri elomile (elishajwe).

Okokuqala, ibhethri kufanele lisuswe futhi lihlanze ukungcoliswa. Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukukhipha amapulagi bese uhlola izinga le-electrolyte. Okufanelekile, kufanele kube ngamamilimitha ayi-12-13. Lokhu kwanele ukumboza amapuleti ezitsheni. Uma lungekho uketshezi olwanele, engeza amanzi acolisisiwe ebhetri. Kwenze kancane kancane, ngemithamo emincane, ukuze ungadluli kukho.

Okulandelayo, udinga ukuhlola ukuminyana kwe-electrolyte. Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa idivaysi ekhethekile ebizwa nge-hydrometer. Thela i-electrolyte kuflask bese uzuze isimo se-float ukuze singathinti izindonga nangaphansi. Okulandelayo, bheka amamaki wedivayisi, azokhombisa ukuminyana. Izinkomba ezijwayelekile zisuka ku-1.25-1.29 g / m³. Uma ukuminyana kungaphansi, i-acid kufanele ingezwe, futhi uma ingaphezulu, iphinde ifakwe distilled. Qaphela ukuthi lesi silinganiso kufanele sithathwe ekamelweni lokushisa.

Ngemuva kokuthi umsebenzi omkhulu usuphothuliwe, isikulufa sibuyele endaweni yaso, bese usula ngokucophelela ibhethri uqobo ngesidwedwe esifakwe kwisisombululo sesoda. Lokhu kuzosusa izinsalela ze-asidi kuyo. Futhi, ungagcoba oxhumana nabo ngamafutha aqhubayo, lokhu ngeke kuthathe isikhathi esiningi, kepha kuzokwandisa kakhulu impilo yebhethri.

Manje bopha ibhethri ngendwangu bese uyithumela ngokuphepha ukuyigcina isikhathi eside.

Gel ibhethri

Amabhethri e-gel akanakulondolozwa ngakho-ke kulula kakhulu ukuwasebenzisa. Futhi ngokwazo zimelana ngokumangazayo nanoma iziphi izenzakalo zomkhathi. Yimaphi amabhethri anjalo athanda kakhulu i-voltage. Ngakho-ke, noma yikuphi ukukhwabanisa nabo kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela okukhulu.

Ukulungiselela ibhethri lakho lejel ebusika, isinyathelo sokuqala ukusikhokhisa. Futhi kunconywa ukuthi ukwenze lokhu ekamelweni lokushisa. Okulandelayo, nqamula ngokulandelana ama-terminals - negative, bese kuthi positive, bese uthumela ibhethri ukugcina isikhathi eside.

Amabhethri e-lead acid (ene-electrolyte)

Ungathumela ibhethri elinjalo ukuze ligcinwe kuphela ngefomu eligcwaliswe ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, okokuqala, hlola izinga lokushaja nge-multimeter. Le divayisi elula futhi engabizi kakhulu itholakala kunoma yisiphi isitolo se-elekthronikhi.

Amandla ebhethri kufanele abe ngu-12,7 V. Uma uthola inani eliphansi, khona-ke ibhethri kufanele lixhunywe ekunikezelweni kwamandla.

Lapho usufinyelele inani elidingekayo, nqamula ngokulandelana ama-terminals, bese uthumela ibhethri ukuze ligcinwe, lapho kade ulisonge ngengubo endala.

Ungaligcina kanjani futhi kuphi ibhethri ebusika

Kunemithetho ejwayelekile yokugcina amabhethri, okulandelayo, ozokwandisa kakhulu impilo yawo yesevisi. Ake sizicabangele ngokuningiliziwe:

• Gcina ibhethri egumbini elinomoya onomoya ofudumele. Okufanelekile, ukushisa komoya kufanele kube phakathi kwama-5-10 degrees.
• Ukukhanya kwelanga ngqo nothuli kungadala ukuthi ibhethri liphulukane nokusebenza kwangempela. Ngakho livikele ngendwangu ewugqinsi.
• Kuyadingeka ukuthi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ileveli yokushaja ebhetri ayiweli ngaphansi kophawu olubucayi, ngoba ngokwehla kwamandla kagesi okunamandla, kuyeka ukubamba imali. Kunconywa ukuthi uhlole ukuphuma kwebhethri okungenani kanye ngenyanga.

Okulandelayo, sizocubungula izici zokulimala ohlotsheni ngalunye lwebhethri.

Amabhethri ane-electrolyte

Kumabhethri anjalo, ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhelwe kuma-plugs, ngoba angakwazi ukukhululeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okugcwele ukuvuza futhi kulimaze ne-electrolyte. Futhi, zama ukugcina izinga lokushisa ekamelweni lizinzile ukuze kungabikho ukwehla okukhulu, ngoba lokhu kungadala ukuguquguquka kwamandla ebhethri.

Amabhethri ashajwe omile

Amabhethri anjalo angaba nomthelela omubi emzimbeni womuntu, ngakho-ke kufanele uqaphele kakhulu lapho uwagcina.

Sicela wazi ukuthi amabhethri akhokhiswa omile agcinwa aqondile. Uma kungenjalo, uma izinhlayiya ze-electrolyte ezisebenzayo ziqala ukunganqwabeli phansi, kepha ezindongeni zamathini, isifunda esifushane kungenzeka.

Ngendlela, mayelana nokuphepha. Gcina la mabhethri lapho izingane zingafinyeleli khona. Iqiniso ukuthi i-asidi equkethwe kuzo ingalimaza isikhumba somuntu. Futhi iphuzu elilodwa elibaluleke kakhulu - ngesikhathi sokushaja, ibhethri likhipha i-hydrogen eqhumayo. Lokhu kufanele kubhekwe futhi kuvuselelwe kude nomlilo.

Gel amabhethri

Lawa mabhethri kulula kakhulu ukuwagcina. Zidinga ukuvuselelwa ngezikhathi ezithile - okungenani kanye ezinyangeni eziyisithupha futhi zingamelana namazinga okushisa ashubile. Umkhawulo ongezansi ungaphansi kuka-35 degrees, kanti umkhawulo ongaphezulu uhlanganisa u-65. Impela, ezingxenyeni zethu zakhona cishe akukho ukwehla okunjalo.

Igcina ibhethri lemoto entsha

Ochwepheshe abakukhuthazi ukuthenga ibhethri kusengaphambili ukuze ungene esikhundleni sesiphelelwe yisikhathi ngokuzayo. Ngaphambi kokuthi ifinyelele esitobhini sesitolo, ibhethri lizohlala endlini yokugcina impahla isikhathi esithile. Kunzima ukulandelela ukuthi kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani ize iwele ezandleni zomthengi, ngakho-ke kufanele uthenge imodeli entsha ngokushesha lapho isidingo sivela.

Amabhethri akhokhiswe omile angagcinwa kuze kube yiminyaka emithathu (ihlala isesimweni esiqondile), ngoba akukho ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okwenzeka kuwo. Ngemuva kokuthenga, kwanele ukuthulula i-electrolyte (hhayi amanzi acolisisiwe) ezitsheni nasekushajeni.

Amabhethri agcwalisiwe adinga ukugcinwa ngezikhathi ezithile ngesikhathi sokulondolozwa, ngakho-ke izinga le-electrolyte, ukushaja nobuningi kufanele kuhlolwe. Ukugcinwa kwesikhathi eside kwamabhethri anjalo akunconyiwe, ngoba noma kusesimweni sokuthula, balahlekelwa amandla abo kancane kancane.

Ngaphambi kokufaka ibhethri kwisitoreji, kufanele ishajwe ngokugcwele, ibekwe egumbini elimnyama elinomoya omncane omuhle kude namadivayisi okushisa (funda ngokuthi ungayandisa kanjani impilo yebhethri esinye isihloko).

Kungenzeka yini ukugcina ibhethri emakhazeni

Njengoba sekushiwo, amabhethri amasha awasabi isithwathwa, kepha-ke, lapho uqala imotor epholile ebusika, amandla amaningi ayadingeka. I-electrolyte efriziwe ilahlekelwa ukuminyana kwayo iphinde ibuyisele ukushaja kwayo kancane. Ukushisa okuphansi ketshezi, ibhethri lizokhishwa ngokushesha, ngakho-ke ngeke lisebenze isikhathi eside ukuvula i-starter emakhazeni.

Uma umshayeli wemoto engalethi ibhethri egumbini elifudumele ebusuku, angavimbela uketshezi olusemathinini ukuba lungagcini ngokweqile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungenza okulandelayo:

• sebenzisa ikhava yokushisa eshajekayo ebusuku;
• vimbela umoya obandayo ungangeni egumbini lenjini (abanye bafaka ukwahlukanisa amakhadibhodi phakathi kwerediyetha ne-grille, okungasuswa lapho ushayela);
• ngemuva kohambo, imoto ingambozwa ngebhethri ukugcina ukushisa isikhathi eside.

Uma umshayeli ebona ukwehla okuphawulekayo ekusebenzeni komthombo wamandla, khona-ke lokhu kuyisignali yokuyifaka esikhundleni esisha. Ukuhamba kwansuku zonke egumbini elifudumele ubusuku bonke akunamphumela omncane. Kuyafaneleka futhi ukucabanga ukuthi izinguquko ezingazelelwe ekushiseni (ububanzi obungaba ngu-40 degrees) zisheshisa ukubhujiswa kwamaseli, ngakho-ke ibhethri elikhishwe emotweni kufanele ligcinwe egumbini elipholile.

Ibhethri likusiphi isimo

Ukugcinwa nokusetshenziswa kwebhethri kufanele kwenziwe ngokuya ngemiyalelo yomkhiqizi. Uma nje ibhethri lisha, le nto iyisihluthulelo, noma ngabe izofakwa iwaranti noma cha.

Ngokuphepha komthombo wamandla, umzimba wayo kufanele uphelele, akumele kube khona ama-smudges noma ukungcola kuwo - ikakhulukazi esembozweni esiphakathi koxhumana nabo. Ibhethri efakwe emotweni kufanele ihlale ngokuqinile esihlalweni.

Abanye abashayeli baphatha ibhethri lesibili emotweni ukuyigcina. Lokhu akufanele kwenziwe ngoba ibhethri elishajiwe kufanele ligcinwe lisesimweni esizolile nasesilinganisweni sokushisa esizinzile. Uma kunesidingo sebhethri elengeziwe, kufanele lixhunywe kusekethe efanayo nelikhulu.

Ibhethri lingagcinwa isikhathi esingakanani ngaphandle kokushajwa kabusha?

Akunandaba ukuthi lihle kangakanani ibhethri, lidinga ukugcinwa ngendlela efanele. Izici eziyinhloko ezizocatshangelwa yilezi:

• Igumbi lokushisa kusuka ku-0 kuye ku-15 degrees, indawo eyomile (yezinketho zejel, leli banga linwetshiwe lisuka ku -35 liye +60 degrees);
• isheke lesikhathi samandla wesekethe avulekile (uma inkomba ingaphansi kuka-12,5 V. ukushaja kuyadingeka);
• izinga lokushaja ibhethri elisha akumele libe ngaphansi kuka-12,6 V.

Uma ukuguqulwa kwe-hybrid kungasebenzi izinyanga eziyi-14, inkokhiso izokwehla ngo-40%, kanti ama-calcium azofinyelela kuleli nani zingakapheli izinyanga eziyi-18-20 zingasebenzi. Ukuguqulwa okukhokhiswe ngomlilo kugcina ukusebenza kwawo iminyaka emithathu. Njengoba ibhethri akuyona into yemoto engagcinwa isikhathi eside, akufanele kube nesikhathi eside phakathi kokukhiqiza nokufakwa emotweni.

Ukutholwa kwebhethri lemoto ngemva kobusika

Uma uhlangabezane nayo yonke imibandela yokugcina ibhethri - ishaja ngezikhathi ezithile futhi ihlolwe isimo se-electrolyte, khona-ke ingafakwa ngokushesha emotweni. Sincoma ukuthi uphinde uhlolisise ukuze ugweme "ukumangala" okungathandeki. Kwalokhu:

• Phinda uhlole ileveli yokushaja ibhethri nge-multimeter futhi, uma kunesidingo, uyixhume kumthombo wamandla. Khumbula ukuthi izinga lamandla kagesi angu-12,5V nangaphezulu.
• Linganisa ubukhulu be-electrolyte. Okujwayelekile kungu-1,25, kepha lesi sibalo kufanele sihlolwe kabili kumadokhumenti ebhethri, ngoba angahluka.
• Hlola icala ngokucophelela futhi uma ubona ukuvuza kwe-electrolyte, lisule ngesisombululo se-soda.

Ungaligcina kanjani ibhethri isikhathi eside

Uma kunesidingo sokugcina ibhethri isikhathi eside (imoto "igcinwe" ebusika noma kudingeka ukulungiswa kwesikhathi eside), khona-ke ukuze iphephe kufanele ilungiswe kahle, bese ibuyiselwa ekusebenzeni kahle.

Sikhipha ibhethri ukuze sigcinwe

Ibhethri ligcinwa nge-boric acid. Kubambezela inqubo yokubola kwepuleti. Inqubo yenziwa ngokulandelana okulandelayo:

• Ibhethri ishajiwe;
• impuphu kufanele ihlanjululwe emanzini acolisisiwe ngesilinganiso se-1 tsp. ingilazi ngayinye (ungathenga futhi isixazululo se-boric esivele sihlanjululwe - 10%);
• ngosizo lwe-aerometer, thatha kancane i-electrolyte (cishe inqubo izothatha imizuzu engama-20);
• ukususa izinsalela ze-electrolyte, hlambulula kahle amathini ngamanzi afakiwe;
• gcwalisa iziqukathi ngesisombululo se-boron bese uvale ngokuqinile amakhokho amathini;
• phatha oxhumana nabo nge-antioxidant agent, isibonelo, i-vaseline yezobuchwepheshe;
• Ibhethri eligcinwe kufanele ligcinwe emazingeni okushisa kusuka ku-0 kuye +10 degrees ngaphandle kwelanga eliqondile.

 Kulesi simo, ibhethri lingagcinwa unyaka noma ngaphezulu. Kubalulekile ukugcina ukunikezwa kwamandla kuqondile. Kulokhu, amapuleti azocwiliswa kusixazululo futhi ngeke ahlanganise.

Sibuyisela ukusebenza kwebhethri eligciniwe

Ukubuyisela ibhethri kusevisi, kufanele wenze okulandelayo:

• khipha kancane kancane nangokucophelela isisombululo se-boric (nge-aerometer noma isirinji ende);
• Izimbiza kufanele zigezwe (zihambise ngamanzi ahlanzekile afakwe amanzi, uzishiye lapho imizuzu eyi-10-15. Phinda inqubo okungenani amahlandla amabili);
• iziqukathi ezomile (ungasebenzisa isomisi esivamile noma sokwakha izinwele);
• Thela i-electrolyte (kuzoba okuphephile ukuyithenga esitolo sezimoto), ubukhulu bayo obungu-1,28 g / cm³, bese ulinda kuze kuqale ukusabela emabhange;
• Ngaphambi kokuxhuma ugesi kunqubo kagesi yemoto, udinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuminyana kwe-electrolyte akwehli. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ibhethri idinga ukushajwa.

Ekuphetheni, isikhumbuzi esincane. Wonke umshayeli wemoto kufanele akhumbule: lapho ibhethri linqanyuliwe, ukukhishwa kususwa kuqala Isikhumulo, bese - plus. Amandla kagesi axhunywe ngokulandelana okuphindayo - futhi, bese kukhishwa.

Sekwanele. Manje ungafaka ngokuzethemba ibhethri emotweni bese uvula ukuthungela.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Indlela yokugcina ibhethri efulethini? Igumbi kufanele lome futhi lipholile (izinga lokushisa kufanele libe phakathi kuka-+10 no-+15 degrees). Akufanele igcinwe eduze kwamabhethri noma ezinye izinto zokushisisa.

Iyiphi indlela engcono kakhulu yokugcina ibhethri lishajiwe noma lingashaji? Ukugcina, ibhethri kufanele libekwe esimweni sokushajwa, futhi izinga lokushajwa kufanele lihlolwe ngezikhathi ezithile. Amandla kagesi angaphansi kwe-12 V angaholela ekufakweni kwamapuleti okuhola.