Kungani udinga i-catalyst emotweni
Iningi labanikazi bezimoto liyakhumbula noma lifunde ngokuba khona kwesiguquli se-catalytic ohlelweni lwe-exhaust lwemoto kuphela lapho bezwa inkulumo ethi "i-catalyst yakho ifile" evela ku-serviceman. Kulula ukubhekana nokungasebenzi kahle okunjalo, kodwa ngezindlela eziningana ezahlukene.
I-contraption, ngokujwayelekile ebizwa ngokuthi "i-catalyst", inesihloko esisemthethweni esithi "I-Automotive Exhaust Catalytic Converter". Lokhu kuyingxenye yesistimu yokukhipha umoya wemoto, obhekene nokuqedwa kwezinto eziyingozi kubantu kanye nemvelo ngokujwayelekile, njengama-hydrocarbons angashiswa kumasilinda, i-soot, i-carbon monoxide CO ne-nitrogen oxide NO, emagesini aphumayo. Ku-catalyst, zonke lezi zinto zishiswa ngenkani emva kokushiswa, ziphenduka ezintweni ezingenalo ulaka ukusuka endaweni yokubuka yamakhemikhali: amanzi, i-CO2 ne-nitrogen. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokusabela kwamakhemikhali okwenzeka phambi kwama-catalysts - i-radium, i-palladium ne-platinum.
Inqubo yenzeka ngenkathi amagesi e-exhaust edlula kuceramic enemeshi ecolekile noma ikhekheba lezinyosi lensimbi ngaphakathi "komgqomo" wesiguquli se-catalytic, esimbozwe ngengxubevange yalezi zinsimbi zomhlaba eziyivelakancane. I-catalyst yemoto iyingxenye ebizayo futhi ihlala isikhathi esifushane. Ngisho nasezimweni ezinhle kakhulu, abaguquli abambalwa "bazophila" ngaphezu kwe-120 km. gijima. Ngokuvamile bayehluleka ngenxa yezizathu eziningana. Ama-Ceramic catalysts angaphuka ngesivinini esisheshayo lapho imoto ivame ukushayelwa phezu kwamabhampa anzima. Kusukela ekunyakaziseni nasekushayeni, izindonga ezincane zamakhekheba ezinyosi ziqhekezekile futhi zinqunywe.
Uma kwenzeka injini inezinkinga ohlelweni lokugcoba, iqembu le-cylinder-piston noma ukuthungela, uphethiloli ongashiswa namafutha avela kumasilinda awo angena ku-catalyst futhi avale ama-honeycombs ayo nge-slag. Cishe umphumela ofanayo unikeza uthando lomnikazi wemoto noma ngaphandle kwesizathu sokucindezela i-pedal pedal yonke indlela kunoma yisiphi isimo. Isiguquli se-catalytic esiwile noma esivalwe ngamadiphozithi asigcini nje ngokuyeka ukwenza umsebenzi waso, kodwa futhi senze kube nzima kakhulu ukuphuma kwamagesi e-exhaust enjinini. Lokhu-ke kuholela ekulahlekeni okuphawulekayo kwamandla enjini. Yini okufanele uyenze ngesiguquli se-catalytic esihlulekile?
Into yokuqala efika engqondweni ukufaka esikhundleni esifanayo, kodwa kuphela entsha. Lena inketho ebiza kakhulu. Izintengo zeziguquli ezintsha ezinophawu lwe-catalytic zifinyelela kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amahlanu. Ngakho-ke, abashayeli abaningi bakhetha ukufaka esikhundleni se-catalyst endala evalekile ngemodeli engeyona eyangempela noma evamile. Ukufaka i-catalyst ehlangabezana nezindinganiso ze-Euro 4 ezisebenza eRussia manje kubiza cishe ama-ruble angu-10. Uma lesi samba sibonakala singenakubekezelelwa, khona-ke esikhundleni se-catalyst, "umgqomo" we-flame arrester uhlanganiswe emgqonyeni wokuqeda futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo iyunithi yokulawula injini ihlelwa kabusha. Ukusebenza kokugcina kuyadingeka ukuze inzwa ye-oksijeni endaweni yokukhipha umoya, ibonise ukuthi i-catalyst ayisebenzi, ayilingani "ubuchopho" be-electronic.
