Izimpawu zesiguquli se-catalytic esivalekile

Yonke imoto yesimanjemanje ifakwe isiguquli esisebenzisayo. Le element yohlelo lokukhipha ivumela izinto eziyingozi ukuthi zisuswe emagesi aqeda amandla. Ngokuqondile, le mininingwane iyaziqeda amandla, ibahlukanise zibe yingozi. Kepha, naphezu kwezinzuzo, i-catalyst idinga ukusebenza kahle kwezinhlelo ezahlukahlukene emotweni. Isibonelo, ukwakheka ngqo kwenhlanganisela yomoya / kaphethiloli kubaluleke kakhulu kuzinqubo ezenzeka ku-catalyst.

Ake sicabangele ukuthi isiguquli se-catalytic sisebenza kanjani, yiziphi izinkinga into evinjiwe yohlelo lokukhipha ingadala kumshayeli, ukuthi kungani ingavimba. Sizobuye sixoxe ngokuthi i-catalyst evaliwe ingalungiswa yini.

I-Catalyst, kungani ifakwe, idivayisi nenhloso

Ngaphambi kokuthi sicabangele ukuthi le ngxenye ingahluleka ngaziphi izizathu, kuyadingeka ukuqonda ukuthi isebenza kanjani. Njengoba sesibonile, i-catalyst iyingxenye yohlelo lokukhipha injini, futhi ayifakwanga kuphela kuphethiloli kaphethiloli, kodwa futhi nenjini kadizili.

Izimoto zokuqala ezifakwe abaguquleli bokukhipha zakhiqizwa ngawo-1970. Yize ngaleso sikhathi intuthuko yayikhona cishe iminyaka engamashumi amabili. Njengakho konke ukuthuthuka, idivayisi ye-catalyst iye yacwengisiswa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngenxa yokuthi izinketho zesimanje zenza umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu womsebenzi wazo. Futhi ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo ezengeziwe, amagesi okukhipha ayingozi ancishiswa ngempumelelo ezimodeni ezihlukile zokusebenza kwezinjini.

Lesi sici senzelwe ukuthi ngesikhathi sokusebenza kweyunithi yamandla, ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kwenzeka ohlelweni lokukhipha amandla, okunciphisa izinto eziyingozi ezivela ngesikhathi somlilo wephethiloli.

By the way, to make the diesel engine exhaust cleaner, a urea injection system is installed in many car car.Ngokusho, ukuze kwenziwe injini yokuhlanza injini yedizili, kufakwe uhlelo lwe-urea injection ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezimoto. Funda ngokuthi kuyini nokuthi kusebenza kanjani. kokunye ukubuyekeza... Isithombe esingezansi sikhombisa idivayisi ye-catalyst.

Isigaba sikhombisa ukuthi le nto izohlala ibukeka njengezinyosi zezinyosi. Wonke amapuleti e-ceramic catalyst agqunywe ungqimba oluncane lwezinsimbi eziyigugu. Lezi yi-platinum, i-iridium, igolide, njll. Konke kuncike ekutheni hlobo luni lokuphendula oludinga ukunikezwa kudivayisi. Kepha ngaphezulu kwalokho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Okokuqala, le nto kufanele ifudunyezwe ukuze kushe izinhlayiya zikaphethiloli ezingashiswanga kule ndawo.

Ibhodlela lifudunyezwa ukufakwa kwamagesi ashisayo okukhipha. Ngalesi sizathu, i-catalyst ifakwa eduze kakhulu neyunithi yamandla ukuze ugesi ungabi nesikhathi sokupholisa ohlelweni olubandayo lokukhipha imoto.

Ngaphezu kokushiswa kokugcina kukaphethiloli, ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kwenzeka kudivayisi ukuze kunciphise amagesi anobuthi. Inikezwa ngokuxhumana kwama-molecule we-qeda nobuso obushisayo bezinyosi be-substrate ye-ceramic. Idizayini yesiguquli se-catalytic ifaka phakathi:

• Uzimele. Senziwe ngesimo isibani, okusikhumbuza silencer ezengeziwe. Isici sangaphakathi kuphela sale ngxenye esihlukile;
• Vimba inkampani yenethiwekhi. Lokhu kungukugcwaliswa okunobumba okwenziwe ngobumba kwamashubhu amancane, okwakha ikhekhe lezinyosi esigabeni. Ungqimba oluncane lwensimbi eyigugu lubekwe phezu kwalezi zingcwecwe. Le ngxenye ye-catalyst iyinto esemqoka, ngoba ukwenzeka kwamakhemikhali kwenzeka kuyo. Isakhiwo seselula sivumela ukwandisa indawo yokuxhumana yamagesi okukhipha nensimbi evuthayo;
• Isendlalelo sokuvikela ukushisa. Kuyadingeka ukuvimbela ukushintshaniswa kokushisa phakathi kwe-bulb nemvelo. Ngenxa yalokhu, idivayisi igcina izinga lokushisa eliphakeme ngisho nasebusika obubandayo.

I-catalytic converter inlet kanye ne-outlet ifakwe ama-lambda probes. Esihlokweni esehlukile funda ngokusemqoka kwale sensor nokuthi isebenza kanjani. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi kunezinhlobo eziningana zezinto ezisebenzayo. Zihlukile komunye nomunye ngensimbi efakwe ebusweni bamaseli wesithinteli senkampani yenethiwekhi.

Ngale pharamitha, ama-catalysts ahlukaniswe aba:

• Ukubuyiselwa. Lezi zinguquko eziguqukayo zisebenzisa i-rhodium. Le nsimbi, ngemuva kokushisa nokuxhumana namagesi e-exhaust, inciphisa NO gesi._xbese uyiguqula. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-nitrogen ikhishwa epayipini lokukhipha iye emvelweni.
• Ukuxhuma. Ekuguqulweni okunjalo, i-palladium manje isetshenziswa kakhulu, kanye ne-platinum. Kuma-catalysts anjalo, i-oxidation yamakhemikhali we-hydrocarbon angashisi ishesha kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, lezi zinhlanganisela eziyinkimbinkimbi zibola zibe yi-carbon monoxide ne-carbon dioxide, bese kuphuma nomusi.

Kukhona ama-catalysts asebenzisa zonke lezi zinto. Zibizwa ngokuthi izakhi ezintathu (izixazululi eziningi zesimanje zalolu hlobo). Ngenqubo yamakhemikhali esebenzayo, imfuneko ukushisa kwemvelo yokusebenza esifundeni sama-degree angama-300. Uma uhlelo lusebenza kahle, ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, cishe ama-90% wezinto eziyingozi ayancishiswa. Futhi yingxenyana encane kuphela yamagesi anobuthi angena emvelweni.

Inqubo yokufinyelela izinga lokushisa lokusebenza emotweni ngayinye yehlukile. Kepha ukushisa okuvuselelayo kungenziwa ngokushesha uma:

1. Shintsha ukwakheka kwenhlanganisela yephethiloli yomoya iye kokunothile;
2. Faka i-catalyst eseduze nobuningi bokukhipha ngangokunokwenzeka (funda ngomsebenzi wale ngxenye yenjini. lapha).

Izizathu zesikhuthazi esivimbekile

Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwemoto, le nto izovalwa, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi iyeke ukubhekana nomsebenzi wayo. Ikhekhe lezinyosi lingavinjelwa yimali ekhishwe ngekhabhoni, umgodi ungakhubazeka noma ubhujiswe ngokuphelele.

Noma yikuphi ukungasebenzi kahle kungadalwa yilezi zizathu ezilandelayo:

• Umshayeli ugcwalisa njalo imoto ngophethiloli osezingeni eliphansi noma uphethiloli. Uphethiloli kungenzeka ungapheli ngokuphelele. Izinsalela ngobuningi ziwela kuzinyosi ezishisayo, lapho zivutha khona futhi zikhuphule izinga lokushisa ku-catalyst. Ngaphezu kokuthi amandla akhishiwe awasetshenziswanga nganoma iyiphi indlela, ukushisa ngokweqile kwekhekhe lezinyosi kuholela ekuguqulweni kwabo.
• Ukuvaleka kwekhekheba lezinyosi le-catalyst nakho kwenzeka ngokunye ukungasebenzi kahle kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi. Isibonelo, izindandatho zokugoqa uwoyela kuma-piston zigugile noma izimpawu zamapayipi okususa uwoyela emshinini wokusabalalisa igesi zilahlekelwe yimpahla yazo. Ngenxa yalokho, uwoyela ungena kwisilinda. Njengomphumela womlilo wayo, kwakheka umule, i-catalyst engakwazi ukubhekana nawo, ngoba awuklanyelwe ukusebenza ngomsizi emagesi aqeda amandla. Ama-combs amancane kakhulu avaleka ngokushesha ngenxa yokwakheka kokusha, futhi idivayisi iyawohloka.
• Kusetshenziswa ingxenye engeyona eyangempela. Ohlwini lwemikhiqizo enjalo, kuvame ukuba namamodeli anamaseli amancane kakhulu noma ukufakwa kabi kwezinsimbi eziyigugu. Ngokukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe kumikhiqizo yaseMelika. Izimoto eziguqulelwe le makethe zinama-catalysts ekhwalithi, kepha zineseli elincane kakhulu. Uphethiloli osetshenziswa kwezinye izifunda awukho wekhwalithi ephezulu ukuqinisekisa impilo yokusebenza isikhathi eside. Ngesizathu esifanayo, kufanele uqaphele lapho uthenga imoto endalini yaseMelika.
• Uphethiloli oholile, umthofu we-tetraethyl (osetshenziselwa ukwanda inombolo ye-octane uphethiloli ukuvimbela ukungqongqoza enjinini) akufanele kusetshenziswe uma imoto ifakwe okokuvuselela. Lezi zinto futhi azishiyi ngokuphelele lapho kusebenza iyunithi yamandla, futhi kancane kancane zivale amaseli e-neutralizer.
• Ukucekelwa phansi kwe-porous ceramic element ngenxa yemithelela phansi ngenkathi ushayela ngaphezulu kwamaqhubu.
• Kaningi, kepha kuyenzeka, ukwehluleka kokudalwa kokudala kungadala ukusebenza isikhathi eside kweyunithi yamandla engalungile.

Akunandaba ukuthi yisiphi isizathu esinciphisa isisetshenziswa se-catalyst, udinga ukubheka isimo salesi sici sohlelo lokukhipha. Kepha ngaphambi kokuthi sibheke ukuthi singanquma kanjani ukuthi ngabe i-catalyst inephutha, ake sixoxe ngezimpawu ezibonisa inkinga ngayo.

Izici zokuvala i-catalyst ezimotweni ezahlukene

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukwakheka kanye nemodeli yemoto, uma isebenzisa i-exhaust system ene-catalytic converter, khona-ke uma ivalekile, injini ngeke isebenze kahle. Isibonelo, kumamodeli omndeni we-VAZ, le nkinga ivame ukuhambisana nomsindo ovela ngaphansi kwemoto, njengokungathi amatshe avela ohlelweni lokukhipha umoya futhi agubha ipayipi. Lokhu kuwuphawu olucacile lokucekelwa phansi kwezinyosi ze-bobbin, lapho kwenzeka khona ukungathathi hlangothi kwamagesi anobuthi.

Umngane we-catalyst evaliwe amandla aphansi emoto ngenxa "yokucabangela" kwemoto. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, imoto ithatha isivinini kabi. Uma sikhuluma ngezimoto ezifuywayo ezine-catalyst, izimpawu zokungasebenzi kahle kwazo zifana nezinye izinkinga zemoto. Isibonelo, ukungasebenzi kahle kwenjini kungase kubangelwe ukuwohloka kwesistimu kaphethiloli, ukuthungela, izinzwa ezithile, nokunye.

Uma umshayeli ehlala efaka uphethiloli oshibhile osezingeni eliphansi, khona-ke ngaphezu kokusebenza okungalungile kweyunithi yamandla, uzophinde abangele ukuvala i-catalyst.

Yiziphi izimpawu zomthandi ovalekile?

Izimpawu zokuqala ze-catalyst yokufa zingavela lapho imoto idlula uphawu olungamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-200. Kodwa konke kuya ngezimpawu zomuntu ngamunye zemoto, kanye nezimo zokusebenza kwayo. Kwezinye izimo, isiguquli se-catalytic asinandaba ngisho nezinkulungwane eziyi-150.

Uphawu olubaluleke kakhulu umuntu angasola ngalo ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-catalyst ukulahleka kwezimpawu zamandla enjini. Ngenxa yalokhu, kuzoba khona ukulahleka kwamandla okuhamba. Lesi sibonakaliso sizibonakalisa ukuwohloka ukusheshisa imoto, kanye nokwehla okukhulu ijubane esiphezulu imoto.

Vele, ukunakwa kufanele kubhekwe ku-catalyst ezimweni ezinjalo, uma kunokuqiniseka okuphelele kokuthi ezinye izinhlelo zemoto zisebenza kahle. Isibonelo, uma kwenzeka ukungasebenzi kahle, ukuthungela, uphethiloli kanye nezinhlelo zokuhambisa umoya zinganciphisa kakhulu izinkomba zemoto ezibalulwe ngenhla. Ngakho-ke, okokuqala, kufanele kunakwe ekusebenzeni kwalezi zinhlelo nasekuvumelaniseni umsebenzi wazo.

Ukufa noma ukusondela kulesi simo se-catalyst kungaba yimbangela:

1. Ukuqala okunzima kwemoto, kungakhathalekile ukuthi kushisa kangakanani;
2. Qedela ukwehluleka kweyunithi ukuqala;
3. Ukuvela kwephunga le-hydrogen sulfide kumagesi e-exhaust;
4. Ukuphakama komsindo ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwenjini (kuvela ku-bulb catalyst);
5. Ukwanda / ukwehla ngokungahambisani nesivinini senjini.

Lapho kuvela ukungasebenzi kahle kwezinye izinhlobo zezimoto, uphawu lwe- "Check Engine" lukhanya kucocekile. Lesi siginali asifiki kuzo zonke izimo, ngoba umshini awusebenzisi izinzwa ezihlola isimo samaseli akuso. Idatha yesimo sale ngxenye yohlelo lokukhipha iqonde kuphela, ngoba izinzwa zihlaziya ukusebenza kahle kwezinqubo ezenzeka kuyo (lo msebenzi wenziwa nge-lambda probes). Ukuvaleka kancane kancane akutholakali nganoma iyiphi indlela, ngakho-ke akufanele uthembele kule nkomba lapho unquma isimo sedivayisi.

Ungahlola kanjani - i-catalyst evaliwe noma cha

Kunezindlela eziningana zokuthola isimo se-catalyst emotweni. Ezinye zezindlela zilula, futhi ungazihlola. Uma ungenaso isiqiniseko sokuthi umsebenzi uzokwenziwa ngendlela efanele, lokhu kungenziwa cishe kunoma yisiphi isiteshi sezinsizakalo ngemali efanelekile.

I-Portable Catalyst Analyzer - ihlaziya ikhwalithi yamagesi e-exhaust isebenzisa umgomo "we-electronic nose".

Imvamisa, ukwehluleka kwe-catalyst kutholakala ngokungabi khona kwengcindezi yegesi yokukhipha noma ubukhona bezinhlayiya zangaphandle kuflaski yedivayisi. "Ngeso" ungabheka ukuthi ngabe lesi siguquli siminyene ngokubeka isandla sakho ngaphansi kwepayipi lokukhipha. Uma uzwa ukuthi i-exhaust iphuma ngengcindezi ethile, khona-ke i-catalyst ijwayelekile.

Vele, ukusebenzisa le ndlela akunakwenzeka ukunquma izinga lokugqoka, kepha uma ingxenye isengozini yokuphuka noma icishe ivaleke, khona-ke lokhu kungatholakala. Imingcele enembe ngokwengeziwe izokhonjiswa ngegeji yengcindezi. Imibhalo yezobuchwepheshe yemoto ngayinye ikhombisa ukuthi kufanele kube yini ingcindezi yamagesi aphuma kumbhobho wokukhipha. Kulokhu, kufakwa igeji yengcindezi esikhundleni sephenyo le-lambda elisendaweni yokuphuma yegabha.

Ake sicabangele ezinye izindlela ezintathu zokuxilonga isiguquli esiguquguqukayo.

Ukuhlola okubonakalayo

Ngokwemvelo, le nqubo ayinakwenziwa ngaphandle kokuqaqa idivayisi. Ukuguqulwa okumangazayo kwesibani sensimbi (umphumela wethonya elinamandla) cishe ku-100% wecala kusho ukubhujiswa okuyingxenye yamaseli wokugcwalisa. Ngokuya ngezinga lokulimala, kungathinta ukusebenza kohlelo lokukhipha. Konke lokhu kungokwemvelo, futhi okudingayo kusadingeka ukuthi kususwe ukuze kubonakale ukuthi ingaphakathi lengxenye lilimele kangakanani.

Isikhuthazi esishile noma esivimbekile singabonakala masishane ngemuva kokudilizwa. Amanye amangqamuzana azobe engekho kulo, azoncibilika noma avale ngomsizi. Ungathola nokuthi amangqamuzana avalwe kabi kangakanani ngethoshi. Iyakhanyiswa, ilethwe ethekwini le-flask. Uma ukukhanya kungabonakali ekuphumeni, khona-ke ingxenye kufanele ishintshwe. Futhi, uma, ngemuva kokuqaqa, izinhlayiya ezincane ziwile ebhodleleni, asikho isidingo sokuqagela: ukugcwaliswa kwe-ceramic kwawa. Inani lalezi zinhlayiya lizokhombisa izinga lomonakalo.

Ukususa i-catalyst emotweni, udinga umgodi noma ilifti. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukufinyelela kudivayisi futhi kube lula ukwenza umsebenzi kunasemshinini oboshiwe. Udinga futhi ukunaka ukuthi emishinini ehlukene le ngxenye isuswa ngendlela yayo. Ukuze uthole ubuqili benqubo, udinga ukucacisa lokhu emiyalweni yemoto.

Ngenxa yokusebenza emazingeni okushisa aphakeme, isamba samapayipi ekhebula singanamathela kakhulu, futhi ngeke sikwazi ukusikhipha ngaphandle kwesigaxa. Obunye ubunzima obuhambisana nokuhlolwa okubonakalayo kwengxenye kuphathelene nezici zokwakheka kokunye ukulungiswa. Kwezinye izimo, i-flask ifakwe amapayipi agobile ezinhlangothini zombili, ngenxa yokuthi ikhekhe lezinyosi alibonakali. Ukuhlola ukwedlula kwamamodeli anjalo, kuzodingeka usebenzise ezinye izindlela.

Unganquma kanjani ukuthi i-catalyst ivinjelwe noma ayisebenzisi i-thermometer ye-infrared

Lapho kuvela izimpawu zokuqala zesikhubekiso esivimbekile (esishiwo ngenhla, kodwa okusemqoka ukwehla kokuguquguquka kwemoto), ukusebenzisa le ndlela, iyunithi yamandla nohlelo lokukhipha kufanele lufudunyezwe kahle. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kwanele ukushayela imoto isigamu sehora. Ukucaciswa: hhayi nje ukuthi injini kufanele isebenze, kepha umshini kufanele uhambe, okungukuthi, iyunithi isebenze ngaphansi komthwalo.

Kulokhu, i-catalyst kufanele ifudunyezwe ngaphezu kwama-degree angama-400. Ngemuva kokuhamba, imoto iboshiwe futhi injini iyaqala futhi. I-thermometer ye-infrared ingaba wusizo kwezinye izimo, ngakho-ke ingathengwa ngezinye izilinganiso (isibonelo, ukukala ukulahleka kokushisa endlini).

Izilinganiso zenziwa kanjena. Okokuqala, i-laser yedivayisi iqondiswe kupayipi endaweni yokungena ye-catalyst futhi inkomba iyarekhodwa. Ngemuva kwalokho inqubo efanayo yenziwa ngepayipi lapho kuphuma khona idivayisi. Nge-neutralizer esebenzayo, ukufundwa kokushisa phakathi kokungena nokuphuma kwedivayisi kuzohluka cishe ngama-30-50 degrees.

Lo mehluko omncane ubangelwa ukuthi ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kwenzeka ngaphakathi kwedivayisi, okuhambisana nokukhululwa kokushisa. Kepha kunoma yikuphi ukungasebenzi kahle, lezi zinkomba zizohluka kakhulu, futhi kwezinye izimo izinga lokushisa lizofana.

Ungayibona kanjani i-catalyst evinjiwe usebenzisa i-adaptha yokuxilonga (i-autoscanner)

Izilinganiso zokushisa ezifanayo ku-catalyst evuthayo zingenziwa kusetshenziswa i-autoscanner. Isibonelo, ungasebenzisa imodeli ye-ELM327. Lokhu futhi kuyithuluzi eliwusizo elizongena kalula kumshayeli wemoto. Ikuvumela ukuthi uhlolwe ngokuzimela umshini, futhi uhlole ukusebenza kwezinhlelo zawo kanye nezinqubo ngazinye.

Ukwenza inqubo emotweni entsha, lesi sithwebuli sixhunywe kusixhumi se-OBD2. Uma imoto iyimodeli endala, khona-ke kuzodingeka futhi ukuthi uthenge i-adaptha yesixhumi esihambelanayo (cishe kuzoba yi-chip yokuxhumana ye-G12).

Ngemuva kwalokho imoto iyaqala, iyunithi yamandla ne-catalyst kushisa kahle. Ukuze unqume isimo se-catalyst, udinga i-smartphone enohlelo olufanele lapho kunezelwa khona izinzwa ezimbili zokushisa (B1S1 neB1S2).

I-catalyst ivivinywa ngendlela efanayo ne-thermometer ye-infrared. Idivayisi iyashisa phakathi nengxenye yehora lokushayela. Umehluko kuphela ukuthi izinkomba zihlaziywa ngohlelo.

Ungahlola kanjani i-catalyst yokuvala ngaphandle kokukhipha

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-catalyst ayisebenzi kahle ngaphandle kokuyinqamula kusistimu yokukhipha umoya, ungasebenzisa izindlela ezimbili:

1. Ihlola nge-exhaust gas analyzer. Lena imishini eyinkimbinkimbi exhuma kwipayipi yokukhipha imoto. Izinzwa zikagesi zihlaziya ukwakheka kwamagesi aphumayo futhi zithole ukuthi i-catalyst isebenza kahle kangakanani.
2. Ukuhlola i-backpressure. Inzuzo yale ndlela yukuthi ingenziwa ekhaya, futhi ukuxilongwa awudingi ukuthenga noma yimiphi imishini ekhethekile, nakuba kukhona amakhithi enziwe ngomumo ale nqubo. Ingqikithi yokuxilongwa wukuthola ukuthi ingakanani ingcindezi yasemuva edalwa yi-catalyst ezindleleni ezihlukene zokusebenza kwenjini. Kulula ukwenza isheke elinjalo uma izinzwa ezimbili ze-oxygen (i-lambda probes) zisetshenziswa ohlelweni lokukhipha umoya. Inzwa yokuqala (emi phambi kwe-catalyst) ayivuliwe, futhi esikhundleni sayo, ukufakwa nge-tube kufakwe ngaphakathi, ngakolunye uhlangothi lapho i-gauge yokucindezela ifakiwe. Kungcono ukuthi i-fitting ne-tube yenziwe ngethusi - le nsimbi inezinga eliphezulu lokudlulisa ukushisa, ngakho liphola ngokushesha. Uma kusetshenziswe i-lambda probe eyodwa kuphela emotweni, khona-ke imbobo yobubanzi obufanele ibhojwa epayipini eliphambi kwe-catalyst, futhi intambo iyasikwa kuyo. Ngezivinini ezihlukene zenjini, ukufundwa kwegeji yokucindezela kuyarekhodwa. Okufanelekile, enjini yesitoko, igeji yokucindezela kufanele ibe phakathi kuka-0.5 kgf / cc.

Ububi bendlela yokuqala ukuthi ayitholakali kubahlali basemadolobheni amancane ngenxa yezindleko eziphezulu zemishini (iziteshi eziningi zesevisi azikwazi ukuzithenga). Ukungalungi kwendlela yesibili yukuthi lapho kungabikho i-lambda probe phambi kwe-catalyst, kuzodingeka ukulimaza ipayipi phambi kwayo, futhi ngemva kokuxilongwa, ipulaki efanelekayo izodinga ukufakwa.

Ukuhlolwa okuzimele kwe-catalyst kufanele kwenziwe emotweni ehambayo. Ngakho-ke ukufundwa kwegeji yokucindezela kuzoba okuzwakalayo, kucatshangelwa umthwalo wenjini.

Imiphumela ye-catalyst evinjiwe

Ngokuya ngezinga lokuvaleka kwe-catalyst, umusi ungasuswa kuwo. Uma unganaki ukusebenza kwesiguquli ngesikhathi, ngolunye usuku imoto izomisa ukuqala ukuqala. Kepha ekuqaleni, imoto izoma cishe ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqala noma ukusebenza ingazinzi.

Okunye ukonakala okunganakwa kakhulu ukuncibilika kwamaseli e-ceramic. Kulokhu, i-catalyst ayinakulungiswa, futhi awukho umsebenzi wokubuyisela ozosiza. Ukuze injini isebenze ngemodi efanayo, i-catalyst kufanele ishintshwe. Abanye abashayeli bafaka isibambi somlilo esikhundleni sale ngxenye, kuphela kulokhu, ukuze kusebenze kahle iyunithi yokulawula, kuyadingeka ukuthuthukisa isoftware. Ngakho-ke i-ECU ngeke ilungise amaphutha ngenxa yokufunda okungalungile kwama-lambda probes.

Uma i-catalyst filler isiwohlokile, imfucumfucu ohlelweni lokukhipha ingayilimaza kakhulu injini. Kwezinye izimoto, kwenzeka ukuthi izinhlayiya zobumba zingene enjinini. Ngenxa yalokhu, iqembu le-cylinder-piston lehluleka, futhi umshayeli kuzodingeka, ngaphezu kokulungisa uhlelo lokukhipha, futhi enze inhlokodolobha yenjini.

Kepha, njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni, ukwehla kwamandla enjini namandla ezimoto akuhlali kuhlotshaniswa ne-catalyst eyiphutha. Lokhu kungaba umphumela wokusebenza okungalungile noma ukwehluleka kohlelo oluthile oluzenzakalelayo. Ngalesi sizathu, lapho kuvela lezi zimpawu ezingenhla, ukuxilongwa okuphelele kwemoto kufanele kwenziwe. Mayelana nokuthi le nqubo yenzeka kanjani, nokuthi ingasiza kanjani, funda kwesinye isihloko.

I-catalyst evaliwe ithinta kanjani ukusebenza kwenjini?

Njengoba amagesi e-exhaust kufanele ashiye injini ngokukhululeka ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwenjini, i-catalyst akumele idale umfutho omkhulu wangemuva wale nqubo. Akunakwenzeka ukuqeda ngokuphelele lo mphumela, ngoba amagesi okukhipha adlula amangqamuzana amancane okuguqula.

Uma i-catalyst ivaleka, lokhu kuthinta ngokuyinhloko imvelo yokusebenza kweyunithi yamandla. Isibonelo, ngesikhathi sokuqala injini yomlilo yangaphakathi, amasilinda awangeni kahle umoya, okuholela ekugcwalisweni kwawo okungekuhle ngengxube entsha yamafutha omoya. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, nge-converter ye-catalytic engalungile, imoto ingase ingaqali (noma ime ngokushesha ngemva kokuqala).

Ngenkathi ushayela, kuzwakala sengathi injini ilahlekelwe amandla athile, okuholela ekugugeni okungahambi kahle kwejubane. Nge-catalyst evalekile, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kuyanda ngenxa ye-carburetion embi kanye nesidingo sokucindezela i-accelerator pedal kakhudlwana.

Ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela nge-catalytic converter evalekile

Lapho izindandatho ze-oil scraper ziguga enjinini, uwoyela ungena engxubeni yamafutha omoya. Ayishi ngokuphelele, yingakho i-plaque ibonakala ezindongeni zama-catalyst cell. Ekuqaleni, lokhu kuhambisana nentuthu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ephuma epayipini lokukhipha umoya. Kamuva, i-plaque kumaseli we-converter iyanda, kancane kancane ivimbela ukudlula kwamagesi okukhipha ipayipi. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha kuyimbangela yesiguquli esivimbekile, hhayi ngokuphambene nalokho.

Kuthiwani uma i-catalyst igcwele?

Uma kunqubo yokuhlola imoto kutholakale ukuthi i-catalyst inephutha, khona-ke kunezindlela ezintathu zokuxazulula le nkinga:

• Into elula kuleli cala ukususa ingxenye bese ufaka isibambi selangabi esikhundleni salokho. Njengoba sekushiwo, ukuze ngemuva kokungena esikhundleni esinjalo i-electronics yemoto ingabhalisi inani elikhulu lamaphutha, kuzodingeka ukulungisa izilungiselelo ze-ECU. Kodwa uma imoto kufanele ihlangabezane namazinga ezemvelo, khona-ke insizakalo elawula le pharamitha izokhipha inhlawulo yokuvuselelwa okunjalo kohlelo lokukhipha.
• Ngokuya ngezinga lokungcola, i-catalyst ingatholwa. Sizokhuluma ngale nqubo ngokuningiliziwe.
• Inqubo ebiza kakhulu ukufaka enye into esikhundleni sedivayisi. Ngokuya ngemodeli yemoto, ukulungiswa okunjalo kuzobiza kusuka ku- $ 120 nokuningi.

Ungayilungisa Kanjani i-Catalyst Eminyene

Le nqubo inengqondo kuphela ezigabeni zokuqala zokuvaleka. Ezitolo ezithengisa izimpahla zamakhemikhali ezenzakalelayo, ungathola izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokususa umusi kumaseli we-catalyst. Ukupakishwa kwemikhiqizo enjalo kukhombisa ukuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani kahle.

Ukulimala kwemishini, ngenxa yalokho okugcwaliswe nge-ceramic, akunakulungiswa nganoma iyiphi indlela. Awekho ama-cartridge angafakwa esikhundleni sale ngxenye, ngakho-ke akunasizathu sokuvula igabha nge-grinder bese uzama ukuthola okufana nokugcwalisa okuzenzakalelayo.

Kungashiwo okufanayo ngalezo zimo lapho, ngenxa yokusebenza ngokungafanele kohlelo lwamafutha nokushisa, uphethiloli ushiswa ku-catalyst. Njengomphumela wamazinga okushisa aphakeme kakhulu, amaseli ayancibilika futhi ngandlela thile avimba ukukhishwa kwamahhala kwegesi yokukhipha. Ayikho inamba yokuhlanza noma yokuhlanza i-catalyst ezosiza kuleli cala.

Kuhlanganisani ukulungisa?

Akunakwenzeka ukulungisa isiguquli esivalekile. Isizathu siwukuthi umule uyaqina kancane kancane futhi awukwazi ukususwa. Ubuningi obungenziwa ukukhukhula okuvimbela amaseli, kodwa inqubo enjalo inomphumela wayo kuphela ezigabeni zokuqala zokuvala, okunzima kakhulu ukuxilonga.

Abanye abashayeli bezimoto babhoboza izimbobo ezincane kumakama avalekile. Ngakho-ke bavula indlela yokukhishwa kwamagesi akhipha umoya. Kodwa kulokhu, ukungathathi hlangothi kwamagesi anobuthi akwenzeki (kumele kuhlangane nezinsimbi eziyigugu, futhi lezo zivalwe ngokuphelele ngenxa ye-soot kanye nokusabela kwamakhemikhali akwenzeki).

Njengenye indlela yokushintsha i-catalyst, ezinye iziteshi zesevisi zinikeza ukufaka "iqhinga" ngendlela ye-flask efanayo, kuphela ngaphandle kwe-reel. Ukuze uvimbele izinzwa ze-oksijini ekucasuleni iphutha kuyunithi yokulawula, "ubuchopho" bomshini buyakhanya, futhi izinqamuli zomlilo zifakwe esikhundleni samaseli e-neutralizer.

Inketho ekahle yokulungisa i-catalyst evalekile ukuyishintsha ufake i-analogue entsha. Ukungalungi okuyinhloko kwale ndlela yizindleko eziphezulu zengxenye ngokwayo.

Ukuguqula isiguquli esinamandla

Le nqubo, ngokuya ngezimo zokusebenza, ingenziwa ngemuva kwamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-200 wemoto yemoto. Lesi yisisombululo esibiza kakhulu kunkinga ngento yohlelo lokukhipha okuvalekile. Izindleko eziphezulu zale ngxenye kungenxa yokuthi aziziningi izinkampani ezisebenza ekukhiqizeni leyo mishini.

Ngenxa yokungeniswa emazweni ahlukene, imikhiqizo enjalo iyabiza. Futhi, idivayisi isebenzisa izinto ezibizayo. Lezi zinto zifaka isandla ekutheni ama-catalysts okuqala ayabiza.

Uma kwenziwa isinqumo sokufaka ingxenye yokuqala yokugcina, kulokhu ngeke kube nesidingo sokuphazamisa izilungiselelo zophiko lokulawula okuzenzakalelayo. Lokhu kuzogcina izilungiselelo zemboni zesoftware yomshini, ngenxa yokuthi izohambisana namazinga ezemvelo, futhi injini izosebenzela insiza yayo ehlosiwe.

Ama-Flame suppressors esikhundleni se-catalyst

Njengoba kuyabiza ukubuyisela imoto kumasethingi efektri, abashayeli abaningi baphoqeleka ukuthi babheke ezinye izindlela. Enye yazo ukufakwa kwe-catalyst yendawo yonke. Lokhu kungaba inketho elingana nezinhlobo eziningi zezimoto, noma igobolondo elingena esikhundleni elenzelwe ukufakwa esikhundleni sokugcwalisa ifektri.

Endabeni yesibili, umsebenzi awukufanele ukutshalwa kwezimali, yize kungasindisa isimo okwesikhashana. Isikhuthazi esinjalo sizosebenza cishe amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-60 kuye kwangama-90. Kepha kunezinsizakalo ezimbalwa kakhulu ezingenza ukuthuthuka okunjalo. Futhi ngeke kube inketho yefektri ngoba, njengoba sishilo phambilini, abakhiqizi bezingxenye zezimoto abenzi ama-cartridges angafakwa esikhundleni.

Kushibhile ukufaka isibambi somlilo. Uma le ngxenye ifakiwe esikhundleni semishini ejwayelekile, khona-ke ukushintshwa okunjalo kulula ukukubona, futhi uma umshini ungaphansi kokuhlolwa kobuchwepheshe, khona-ke ngeke kudlule isheke. Ukufakwa kwesibambi sangaphakathi somlilo (okubekwe ku-catalyst engenalutho) kuzosiza ukufihla lokho kuthuthukiswa, kepha izinzwa zokwakhiwa kwe-exhaust zizokhombisa ukungafani nezinkomba ezijwayelekile.

Ngakho-ke, noma iyiphi indlela yokufaka esikhundleni se-catalyst ekhethiwe, kuphela uma inguqulo yefektri ifakiwe lapho imoto ingalindelwa ukuthi ihlangabezane nemingcele ejwayelekile.

Imiphumela uma isiguquli se-catalytic singalungiswa

Cishe noma iyiphi injini ehambisana ne-exhaust system efakwe i-catalyst ingahluleka ngokushesha uma isiguquli sivaleka, futhi umshayeli akazinaki izimpawu ezicacile zokungasebenzi kahle okunjalo.

Okungcono kakhulu, into evalekile yesistimu yokukhipha umoya izovimbela injini ukuthi iqale. Okubi nakakhulu, uma izinhlayiya ezincane zamakhekheba ezinyosi ezihlakazekile zingena kumasilinda. Ngakho-ke zizosebenza njenge-abrasive futhi zilimaze isibuko se-cylinder, okuzoholela ekulungisweni okukhulu kwe-motor.

Ungakwazi yini ukushayela ngesiguquli se-catalytic esivalekile?

Uma i-catalytic converter ivalekile kancane, imoto isengakwazi ukusebenza, futhi umshayeli angase angaboni ngisho nenkinga. Ngisho noma i-dynamics yemoto izokwehla ngamaphesenti ambalwa, futhi ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kuzokwanda kancane, bambalwa abazokhala i-alamu.

Ukwehla okukhulu kwamandla kuzokwenza ukuthi ukushayela okunjalo kungabekezeleleki - uzodinga ukuletha injini cishe ngesivinini esiphezulu ukuze ushintshele egiyeni eliphakeme, futhi lapho igcwele ngokugcwele, imoto izohamba kancane kunezimoto ezidonswa amahhashi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-catalyst eyonakele ingabangela ukwehluleka okusheshayo kwenjini.

Ngabe kunesidingo sokwenza ukugcinwa kwesikhangisi ngesikhathi esifanele?

Kungakhathalekile ukuthi isiguquli se-catalytic sifakwe kuphi, sisazoqhubeka sibe namaseli asebenza ngokwamakhemikhali, azovala ngokushesha noma kamuva ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwedivayisi. Ikhwalithi kaphethiloli, amasethingi ohlelo lukaphethiloli kanye nokuthungela - konke lokhu kuthinta impilo yenkonzo yengxenye, kepha ngeke kuqedwe ngokuphelele ukuvaleka kwamaseli.

Uma sikhuluma ngokuvinjelwa kokucinana kokuqina, kunengqondo ukulandela inqubo efanayo. Kulokhu, impilo yensizakalo yale nto izoba yiminyaka eyi-10 noma ngaphezulu. Izinguquko ekusebenzeni kwephenyo le-lambda zingakhombisa izinkinga nge-catalyst, engatholakala ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa kwekhompyutha okujwayelekile kweyunithi yokulawula.

Uma kungavela ngisho namaphutha amancane ekusebenzeni kweyunithi yamandla, lokhu kungabangelwa ukuthi uphiko lokulawula luzama ukuvumelanisa ukusebenza kwalo namanani aguquliwe ephenyo le-lambda ekuphumeni kwe-catalyst. Kuyafaneleka ukukhumbula ukuthi ukuhambisa ifoni kunengqondo kuphela ezigabeni zokuqala zokuvaleka. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuthenga ithuluzi elikhethekile elingatholakala esitolo esinamakhemikhali ezenzakalelayo.

Kodwa akuwona wonke amakhambi anikeza umphumela oyifunayo. Ngaphambi kokuthenga umkhiqizo onjalo, kufanele ucacise ukuthi usebenza kanjani. Nayi ividiyo emfushane yokuthi kungenzeka yini ukuhlanza i-catalyst ngaphandle kokuyikhipha emotweni:

Ngabe i-car catalytic converter ingahlanzwa?

Ividiyo ngesihloko

Nansi ividiyo enemininingwane yokuhlola isiguquli se-catalytic:

ungasibheka kanjani isiguquli se-catalytic esivalekile futhi uthole inani laso

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Kuthiwani uma i-catalyst igcwele? Uma i-catalyst igcwala, ayilungiswa. Kulokhu, ingashintshelwa kokusha noma isuswe. Esimweni sesibili, wonke ama-insides (amakhekhe oju lwezinyosi) ayasuswa ebhodleleni, futhi i-firmware yeyunithi yokulawula nayo iyalungiswa ukuze ingabhalisi amaphutha kusuka kuma-lambda probes. Enye indlela ukufaka isibambi somlilo esikhundleni se-catalyst. Kulokhu, lesi sici senza ukusebenza kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi ithambe futhi isabele ngokwengeziwe, kepha ngesikhathi esifanayo impilo yensiza yohlelo lokukhipha inciphile.

Ungazihlola kanjani uma i-catalyst igcwele? Uphawu olujwayelekile lwesiguquli esigcwele se-catalytic luyangqongqoza ngesikhathi sokusheshisa (ukuzwa sengathi imfucumfucu ivele ekanini le-catalyst). Ngokubukeka, inkinga ingatholakala ngemuva kokushayela okunamandla. Umisa imoto ubheke ngaphansi kwayo, ungathola ukuthi i-catalyst iyashisa. Uma kutholakala umphumela onjalo, kusho ukuthi idivayisi izokwehluleka maduze. Lapho imoto iqala ngemuva kwesikhathi eside ingasebenzi (injini yomlilo yangaphakathi seyipholile ngokuphelele), inkinga ye-catalyst evinjiwe iziveza ngephunga elibi neliphunga elivela ekuqothulweni. Ngemishini, i-catalyst ihlolwe ukuthi iyalandelwa yini ingcindezi yegesi yokukhipha endaweni ye-lambda probe. Ezinye izindlela zibandakanya ukusetshenziswa kwemishini ekhethekile nokuxilongwa kwamakhompyutha.