Kungani imoto inyakaze? Izizathu

Ukudlidliza emotweni kuyinto eyejwayelekile. Ngenkathi ushayela, ukuzamazama kancane akunakugwemeka. Kungokwemvelo nganoma iyiphi injini yokusebenza. Ngaphandle kwezimoto zomjaho ze-F-1. Futhi lapho imoto indala, iba namandla. Umzamo wokuthola isivinini esikhulu emgwaqweni owubhuqu uholela nasekuzanyazanyisweni okuqinile kule ndlwana. Lezi zonke izizathu ezingokwemvelo zalo mphumela.

Okunye futhi lapho ukudlidlizela kuvela ngokungazelelwe. Isibonelo, idling noma ukusheshisa. Kungaba yini isizathu sokuzamazama kwemoto? Futhi yini engenziwa ngumshayeli ukulungisa inkinga? Cabanga ngezimo ezintathu ezivamile:

• ngesikhathi sokusheshisa, amasondo esiteringini ayaqina;
• ngokungasebenzi, injini idlikiza kakhulu;
• lapho ithatha ijubane, imoto iyazamazama.

Uma ukudlidliza kwanda ngenkathi ushayela, kuzodingeka unake izakhi zokudlulisa, i-chassis kanye nokuqondisa.

Ukudlidlizela kwesondo lokushayela

Ukudlidliza kwesondo lokushayela akunakushaywa indiva. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kugcwele ingozi. Isiteringi, njengokuhlolwa kwe-litmus, ngesokuqala ukukhombisa ukungasebenzi kahle kohlelo lokulawula umshini. Nazi izizathu ezivamile zale nkinga.

• Ukungalingani kwamasondo. Ukulinganisela kuyadingeka ukuze isondo ngalinye lizungeze ngokushelela, ngaphandle kokushintsha indawo yamandla adonsela phansi. Imvamisa le nkinga izwakala emgwaqeni oyisicaba nangesivinini esikhulu.
• Usayizi ngokwezifiso usebe. Lapho umshayeli wemoto ekhetha amadiski amasha, kubaluleke kakhulu ukunaka iphethini yebhawodi. Isibonelo, inani le-4x98 likhombisa izimbobo ezine ze-bolt futhi ibanga phakathi kwezikhungo zabo lingu-4 mm. Abanye abantu bacabanga ukuthi amamilimitha ambalwa ngeke athinte ikhwalithi yokugibela. Eqinisweni, ukufaka i-disc, kuzodingeka uqinise amabhawodi engela. Ngenxa yalokho, isondo li-offset. Futhi ngejubane elikhulu, ukuzamazama kuyaqina.

• Ama-absorber absorber noma ama-strut. Ubushelelezi be-absorber yokushaqeka obuthile buyadluliselwa nasesiteringini. Izinto ezindala zokumiswa ziba lukhuni ngokwengeziwe. Ngakho-ke, ukungalingani ngakunye kuzwakala njengomgodi omkhulu.

• Umgogodla wehlulekile wehlulekile. Ngenxa yekhwalithi embi yomgwaqo, le nto yokumiswa yehluleka ngokushesha. Uma ungakwenzi ukushintshwa kwayo ngesikhathi esifanele, kuzokuthikameza ukusebenza kwayo yonke uhlelo lokwehla kwemoto.

• Amalunga ebhola anephutha. Imvamisa, azisebenziseki ngenxa yokusebenza kwemoto emigwaqweni emibi. Ngakho-ke, endaweni yesikhala se-post-Soviet, ibhola kufanele lishintshwe kaningi.

• Induku yokubopha iyaphela. Uma kuvela ngisho nokudlala okuncane lapho ujikisa isiteringi, kuyadingeka ukufaka okunye esikhundleni senduku yothayi. Banikeza ukujikeleza okufanayo kwamasondo angaphambili. Ngesivinini esikhulu, amathiphu agugile agcizelelwa ukuqondaniswa kwamasondo okungalingani.

Nasi esinye isizathu sokudlidliza kokuqondisa:

Okufanele ukwenze - isiteringi sishaya, imoto iyaqhaqhazela? Ukulinganisela akusizanga ...

Ishayisa imoto ingasebenzi

Uma imoto idlidlizela lapho injini isebenza, inkinga kufanele ibhekwe ezintweni ezifaka injini yangaphakathi yomlilo. Ukuze uyiqede, kufanele unake lezi zimbangela ezilandelayo.

• Ukukhweza injini egugile. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kweyunithi yamandla, ukudlidliza kunxeshezelwa ngamapayipi okukhweza enjoloba. Inkinga ngeke kube ukuthi ingxenye idabukile. Izakhi zerabha ziba nzima ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngakho-ke, badinga ukushintshwa ngezikhathi ezithile.

• Ukungasebenzi kahle kwezimoto. Idling iqembu piston kufanele kube bushelelezi ngangokunokwenzeka. Uma lokhu kungenzeki, udinga ukuyisa imoto kwi-minder. Ezinye zezizathu zokungabi bushelelezi kungama-valve ancitshisiwe, noma amasongo e-piston agugile.

• Inkinga yohlelo lwe-Fuel. Uhlelo oluvaliwe lukaphethiloli luholela ekusebenzeni okungalingani kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi. Uma ngejubane elingenzi lutho injini ilanda bese ibambezela, kufanelekile ukuhlola wonke umugqa. Ukufaka okunye isihlungi sikaphethiloli noma ukulungisa ipompo kungasimamisa ukusebenza kwenjini.

Ukuthola ukungasebenzi kahle kwezinjini zomlilo zangaphakathi, ungasebenzisa izincomo ze-Nail Poroshin:

"Isoseji" emoyeni ongasebenzi noma "Weqile"

Imoto iyaqhaqhazela uma ishesha

Ngaphezu kokungasebenzi kahle okubalwe, ukuzamazama ngesikhathi sokusheshisa kungabangelwa ukungasebenzi kahle kokudlulisa. Nazi izinkinga ezintathu ezivamile zokuzamazama.

• Izinga lamafutha ebhokisini. Izinga eliphansi lokugcotshwa okuhanjiswa emzimbeni kuholela ekwehlulekeni kokusheshisa kwemoto. Imvamisa le nkinga ihambisana nomsindo wamagiya oxubana.

• Isihlungi sebhokisi elizenzakalelayo. Into ehlanganisiwe yesihlungi inciphisa ukujikeleza kokugcotshwa ekudluliseleni okuzenzakalelayo. Lokhu kudala ukuzwa okuhambisana nezinga loketshezi lokuhambisa eliphansi.

• Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-Cardan. Ezingxenyeni ezixhuma imiphongolo engela, kufakwa ihinji lomthambo we-angular engalingani. Ngisho nokubuyela emuva okuncane ezingxenyeni ezinyakazayo zomsebenzi wokusebenza kuholela ekuvevezeni ngesivinini.

Ukudlidliza ngejubane

Ngaphezu kokungakhululeki, ukudlidliza kukhombisa ukungasebenzi kahle noma amaphutha ekufakweni kwezinye izingxenye ngenxa yokulungiswa kokugcina. Imiphumela yokundlidliza kokushayela incike ekutheni iyiphi ingxenye edala lo mphumela, futhi ingabe kungumphumela wokwehlukaniswa noma umphumela wokugqoka kancane kancane kwezingxenye. Isibonelo, ijoyini le-universal le-propeller shaft yezinye izinhlobo zezimoto, lapho ligugile, lenza ukudlidliza, okwenyuka kancane kancane.

Ukuze uthole ukuthi kungani kudlidlizela kuvela emotweni, ungaya ekuhlolweni kwekhompyutha. Kepha le nqubo ayikuvumeli njalo ukuthola imbangela yangempela. Senze izincomo ezijwayelekile zabashayeli abanolwazi, lapho ungathola khona umthombo wokudlidliza ngaphandle kwezinqubo ezibizayo zokuxilonga.

Cabanga ngalunye lwezimpawu ezivela ngejubane elithile lemoto.

0 km / h (ayisebenzi)

Isizathu sokudlidliza ngale ndlela yokusebenza kwemoto kungaba:

• Isigwedlo segiya siyadlidliza, isizathu saso kungaba yinjini yomlilo yangaphakathi noma kathathu (kungani lokhu kwenzeka, funda kokunye ukubuyekeza);
• Ukudlidliza kuhambisana nokuduma kwensimbi okungaguquguquki. Isizathu ukugqokwa kwamakhushini ezinjini;
• Ngaphezu kokudlidliza, kuzwakala impempe enemvamisa ephezulu ivela egumbini lenjini, ikakhulukazi esimweni sezulu esimanzi. Isizathu salo mphumela ukwehla kwebhande le-alternator drive;
• Umshini unyakazisa kancane ngokulinganayo - kukhona ukungalingani ku-flywheel noma kubhasikidi we-clutch;
• Uma ukudlidliza kungalingani futhi kuyizikhawu, lokhu kungaba umphumela wokuqhuma kabi, ukungasebenzi kahle kohlelo lukaphethiloli noma ukulethwa komoya, kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kuyunithi yokulawula injini.

0 km / h (ukukhuphuka okwenyuka)

Uma imvamisa yokudlidliza nayo inyuka ngejubane elikhulayo, khona-ke lokhu kungakhombisa ukungasebenzi kahle kohlelo lokuthungela (ingxube kaphethiloli womoya ayihlali njalo). Kufanele futhi uhlole ukusebenziseka kwesistimu kaphethiloli, ukusebenza kweyunithi yokulawula (lokhu kuzodinga ukuxilongwa kwekhompyutha). Kwesinye isikhathi umphumela ofanayo uba lapho isihlungi somoya siminyene noma uhlelo lokuphakelwa komoya lungalungile.

Kuze kube ngu-40 km / h

Ezimotweni ezidonsa ngamasondo angaphambili, ukuqhekeka uma ujikisa amasondo okuqondisa kukhombisa ukwehluleka kwe- "grenade" noma iCV joint. Futhi, noma imiphi imisindo engeyona eyemvelo evela emasondweni wokushayela ngesikhathi sokuhamba ingaba uphawu lokuwohloka kwendlela yokuqondisa, ikakhulukazi uma ihambisana nokujika okunzima kwesiteringi.

Lapho ukudlidliza ngesikhathi sokunyakaza kuvela ngemuva kokubandakanya igiya elithile, lokhu kukhombisa inkinga ekudlulisweni. Uma ukudlidlizela kwenzeka okwamanje igiya ivuliwe (kusebenza emotweni enokuhanjiswa kwe-mechanical noma i-robotic), futhi kuphelezelwa yi-crunch emfushane, khona-ke kufanele unake ukukhululwa kokuthwala noma izinduku zebhasikidi bamba.

40-60 km / h

Imvamisa, ngaleli jubane, ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-propeller shaft kuqala ukuvela ezimotweni ezihamba ngamasondo angemuva (ukuthi ungayilungisa kanjani noma uyishintshe leyunithi emotweni, funda kwesinye isihloko), isiphambano sayo noma ukuthwala kwangaphandle.

Into yesibili okudingeka uyinake ukulungiswa okungathembeki kohlelo lokukhipha. Futhi, ukuthwala kwe-strut okuhlulekile kunganikeza ukudlidliza ngesivinini esiphansi (ukuthola eminye imininingwane mayelana nokuxhaswa kokusekelwa, funda lapha).

60-80 km / h

Kulezi zivinini, uhlelo lwe-braking lungase lungasebenzi kahle. Lokhu kungasebenzi kuzohambisana nomsindo oyisici. Ngokwengeziwe, udinga ukunaka ukunyathela kokunyathela (kokunye ukubuyekeza funda ukuthi yiziphi izinkinga lokhu noma lolo hlobo lokugqoka isondo okukhombisa).

Esinye isizathu sokuvela kokudlidliza ngejubane elinjalo lemoto ukungalingani kwenye yezingxenye ezijikelezayo zemoto. Umphumela ofanayo ubuye ubonwe lapho izinga lamafutha ku-crankcase yokudlulisela okuzenzakalelayo liphansi noma uma isihlungi sikawoyela sokudlulisa sigcwele.

80-100 km / h

Ngaphezu kwezimbangela ezibalulwe ngaphambili, ukudlidliza emotweni okusheshiswe kuleli jubane kungadala ukugqoka okuncane ezingxenyeni zokumiswa njengamalunga ebhola.

100-120 km / h

Uma injini ine-turbocharged, khona-ke i-runout ngaleli jubane ingabangelwa ukuthi i-turbine ayisebenzi kahle. Iyunithi yamandla ayitholi inani lomoya elidingekayo, ngakho-ke "iklinya" kuphethiloli oweqile. Ukudlidlizela ngaphakathi kwezimoto kungenzeka kungenxa yokuthi amanye amapulangwe epulasitiki agudlukile futhi ayaluza.

Ngaphezulu kuka-120 km / h

Ukuze kudlidlizele ukwakhe ngejubane elinjalo, ngisho nokuphambuka okuncane kwezakhiwo ze-aerodynamic kusuka kokujwayelekile kwanele. Ukuqeda lo mphumela, vele ufake i-spoiler. Lokhu kuzonikeza ukusebenza okungeziwe emotweni. Funda kabanzi mayelana ne-aerodynamics kwesinye isihloko.

Futhi, ukudlidlizela ekunciphiseni isivinini kungabangelwa umthwalo omkhulu we-torsional wamabhere ongatholi ukuthambisa okwanele.

Ungakwazi ukugibela ngokudlidliza komzimba?

Kwabanye abashayeli bezimoto, ukuzamazama okuzinzile emotweni kungokwemvelo kangangokuthi bayayijwayela futhi ekugcineni bayeke ukukuqaphela. Kepha uma kuvela umphumela ofanayo emotweni, udinga ukubheka imbangela yayo ngokushesha. Ngaphandle kwalokho, umshayeli uba sengozini yengozi ngenxa yokonakala kokumiswa, i-chassis noma ukudluliswa.

Awukwazi ukuqhubeka ushayela ngejubane elikhulu, noma ngabe kunyakaza kancane nje. Ngaphezu ukungakhululeki, lo mphumela kungabangela ezinye ukuwohloka amayunithi ezincikene futhi izindlela imoto. Izinkinga ezincane zinganakwa futhi ukulungiswa okubiza kakhulu kungabangelwa.

Ezimweni eziningi, ukuqedwa kokudlidliza kungenziwa kunoma iyiphi i-workshop, futhi akuyona inqubo ebizayo. Kuzoba kubiza kakhulu ukulungisa umonakalo odalwe ukushaya imvamisa ephezulu.

Izindlela zokubhekana nalesi simo

Ukuqeda noma ikuphi ukuxega, kungakhathalekile ukuthi ijubane lemoto, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izingxenye zomzimba nengaphakathi, kanye neyunithi yamandla, zilungiswe kahle.

Uma, ngenxa yokuxilongwa okubonakalayo, ukungasebenzi kahle kwezinto ze-gearbox, ukumiswa noma iyunithi yamandla kutholakele, khona-ke kuyadingeka ukwenza ukuxilongwa kwekhompyutha nokuqeda ukungasebenzi kahle.

Ukuvimbela ukuzamazama kanye nanoma yimiphi imiphumela engemihle efana nayo, wonke umshayeli kufanele ahambisane nohlelo lokugcinwa kwemoto olujwayelekile. Uma ukudlidlizela kungumngane wemvelo wemodeli ethile yemoto, khona-ke lo mphumela ungancishiswa ngokusebenzisa izinto zokwakha umsindo.

Isibonelo sendlela yokuhlola ukungasebenzi kahle kokudluliswa kanye ne-chassis yemoto:

VIBRATION EMZIMBINI LAPHO USHESHA. SITHOLA ZONKE IZizathu. Ungasusa kanjani i-VIBRATION? Isifundo sevidiyo # 2

Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, ukudlidliza emotweni kungadala ukungasebenzi kahle okuhlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza ukugcinwa okudingekayo komshini ngesikhathi. Ukubuyisela izingxenye ezigqokile ngeke kususe kuphela ukungakhululeki ngesikhathi sohambo, kodwa futhi kuvikele nesimo esiphuthumayo.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo ezivame ukubuzwa:

Ishayisa imoto uma ishayela ngejubane eliphansi. Uma imoto ihamba iqonde ngqo, nokudlidlizela kuvela lapho kuvulwa ijubane elithile, lokhu-ke kuyisibonakaliso sokukhishwa kuka-gearbox. Lapho i-clutch icindezelekile, ukuswayipha kukhombisa ukugqoka ezintweni ezikhishwayo noma izinto zokubambana zebhasikidi. Ukudlidlizela ngesikhathi sokujika ekhoneni kukhombisa inkinga yokuqondisa. Lapho amasondo ephendukezelwe (imoto ingena ejikeni), ukudlidliza nokuchofoza kubonisa ukwehluleka kwe-SHRUS. Uma imoto ifakwe i-propeller shaft, ukuqhaqhazela lapho uphakamisa isivinini nakho kungaba uphawu lwenkinga ngale ngxenye yokudlulisela.

Imoto inyakazisa ngapha nangapha. Njengoba izifunxi ezishaqayo ziphela, imoto izodiyazela yaya ngapha nangapha kukho konke ukushayisana. Endleleni, kufanele uhlole ukuseleka kokuthwala kosekelo. Uma amasondo emoto kade elinganisiwe isikhathi eside, lokhu kungaba futhi yisizathu sokunyakaziswa kwemoto ezinhlangothini. Uma lokhu kuqhubeka isikhathi eside, ukugqoka okungalingani kuzovela kumasondo kungekudala noma kamuva, futhi i-chassis nokumiswa kuzoqala ukudilika.