Ungahlola kanjani ibhethri lemoto

Kunzima ukucabanga ngomsebenzi wemoto yanamuhla ngaphandle kwebhethri. Uma imoto ino-gearbox oshintshwayo, injini yayo ingaqalwa ngaphandle komthombo wamandla wokuzimela (ukuthi lokhu kungenziwa kanjani vele kuchazwe ekuqaleni). Ngokuqondene nezimoto ezinohlobo lokudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo, lokhu cishe akunakwenzeka (kulokhu, i-booster kuphela - idivayisi ekhethekile yokuqala ezosiza).

Amabhethri amaningi anamuhla awanakekelwa. Ukuphela kwento engenziwa ukwelula impilo yakhe ukuvivinya isimo esishubile. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze kunqunywe ngesikhathi esifanele isidingo sokushaja kabusha nokwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi enye i-alternator yemoto inikeza amandla afanele ebhethri lapho injini isebenza.

Uma ibhethri elisebenzekayo lifakwa emotweni, kuzodingeka isheke elengeziwe leleveli ye-electrolyte ukuze amapuleti okuhola angawi ngenxa yokuxhumana nomoya. Enye inqubo yamadivayisi anjalo ukuhlola ukuminyana ketshezi nge-hydrometer (ukuthi uyisebenzisa kanjani kahle idivayisi, kuchazwa lapha).

Kunezindlela eziningana zokubheka amabhethri. Ngaphezu kwalokho - ngokuningiliziwe mayelana ngamunye wabo.

UKUHLOLWA KWANGAPHANDLE KWEBATHERI

Ukuxilongwa kwebhethri kokuqala nokulula kakhulu kuqala ngokuhlolwa kwangaphandle. Ngezindlela eziningi, izinkinga zokushaja ziqala ngenxa yokuqongelela ukungcola, uthuli, umswakama kanye namaconsi e-electrolyte. Inqubo yokuzikhulula kwemisinga iyenzeka, futhi amatheminali ane-oxidized azokwengeza ukuvuza kwamanje ku-elekthronikhi. Sekukonke, ngokushaja okungakafiki isikhathi, konakalisa ibhethri kancane kancane.

Ukuzitholela kutholakala kalula: nge-probe eyodwa ye-voltmeter, udinga ukuthinta i-terminal enhle, nge-probe yesibili, uyishayele ecaleni lebhethri, kuyilapho izinombolo ezibonisiwe zizokhombisa i-voltage okwenzeka ngayo ukuzikhipha. Kuyadingeka ukususa i-electrolyte drip ngesisombululo se-soda (1 ithisipuni nge-200 ml yamanzi). Lapho uxhuma okokugcina amatheminali, kubalulekile ukuwahlanza nge-sandpaper, bese ufaka amafutha akhethekile kumatheminali.

Ibhethri kufanele livikelwe, ngaphandle kwalokho ipulasitiki ingaqhuma noma kunini, ikakhulukazi ebusika.

Ungahlola kanjani ibhethri yemoto ene-multimeter?

Le divayisi ayisebenzisi kuphela esimweni sokuhlolwa kwebhethri. Uma umnikazi wemoto evame ukwenza zonke izinhlobo zokulinganisa ekujikelezeni kagesi kwemoto, khona-ke i-multimeter izosiza epulazini. Lapho ukhetha idivaysi entsha, kufanele unikeze intandokazi kumodeli enesibonisi sedijithali kunomcibisholo. Kulula ngokubukeka ukulungisa ipharamitha edingekayo.

Abanye abashayeli banelisekile ngemininingwane evela kukhompyutha esemgwaqweni yemoto noma ekhonjiswa kufob key key. Ngokuvamile idatha yabo ihlukile ezinkomba zangempela. Isizathu salokhu kungathembani yisici esikhethekile sokuxhumeka kwebhethri.

I-multimeter ephathekayo ixhuma ngqo ezikhumulweni zomthombo wamandla. Amadivayisi ebhodini, kunalokho, ahlanganiswe esiqwini, lapho kungabonakala khona ukulahleka kwamandla.

Idivayisi isethelwe kumodi ye-voltmeter. I-probe enhle yedivayisi ithinta ukuphela "+" kubhethri, bese kuthi okungekuhle, ngokulandelana, sicindezele ku-"-" ukuphela. Amabhethri amashajiwe abonisa amandla we-12,7V. Uma inkomba iphansi, khona-ke ibhethri idinga ukukhokhiswa.

Kunezikhathi lapho i-multimeter inika inani elingaphezu kwama-volts ayi-13. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-surface voltage ikhona ebhetri. Kulokhu, inqubo kufanele iphindwe emva kwamahora ambalwa.

Ibhethri elikhishiwe lizokhombisa inani elingaphansi kwama-volts ayi-12,5. Uma umnikazi wemoto abone isibalo esingaphansi kwama-volts ayi-12 esikrinini se-multimeter, khona-ke ibhethri kufanele likhokhiswe ngokushesha ukuvimbela i-sulfation.

Nakhu ukuthi unganquma kanjani amandla ebhethri usebenzisa i-multimeter:

• Ukukhokhiswa okugcwele - ngaphezu kuka-12,7V;
• Imali ekhokhwa uhhafu - 12,5V;
• Ikhishwe ibhethri - 11,9V;
• Uma i-voltage ingaphansi kwalokhu, ibhethri likhishwe ngokujulile futhi kunethuba elihle lokuthi amapuleti asevele esengozini ye-sulfation.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi le ndlela ikuvumela kuphela ukuthi unqume ukuthi ngabe udinga ukubeka ibhethri icala, kepha inikeza ulwazi oluncane mayelana nempilo yedivayisi. Kukhona ezinye izindlela zalokhu.

Ungahlola kanjani ibhethri yemoto nge-plug plug?

Ipulaki yomthwalo ixhunywe ngokufanayo kwi-multimeter. Ukuze kube lula ukufakwa, izintambo zamamodeli amaningi zidwetshiwe ngemibala ejwayelekile - emnyama (-) nokubomvu (+). Noma yiziphi izintambo zamandla emoto zinemibala efanele. Lokhu kuzosiza umshayeli axhume ucingo ngokwezigxobo.

Imfoloko isebenza ngokulandela lo mgomo olandelayo. Lapho ama-terminals axhunyiwe, idivayisi yakha isekethe elifushane lesikhashana. Ibhethri lingadedelwa ngezinga elithile ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa. Uma nje amatheminali exhunyiwe, amandla atholakele avela kubhethri ashisa idivayisi.

Idivayisi ihlola izinga le-voltage sag ekunikezelweni kwamandla. Ibhethri ekahle izoba nobuncane. Uma ngabe idivaysi ikhombise i-voltage engaphansi kwama-volts ayi-7, kufanelekile ukukhulisa imali yebhethri elisha.

Kodwa-ke, kulokhu, kunama-nuances amaningi:

• Awukwazi ukuhlola emakhazeni;
• Idivayisi ingasetshenziswa kuphela kubhethri elishajiwe;
• Ngaphambi kwenqubo, kufanele uthole ukuthi ngabe le plug ifanele ibhethri elithile. Inkinga ukuthi ipulagi lomthwalo alakhelwanga amabhethri anomthamo ophakeme, nalawo amamodeli anomthamo ophansi wokukhipha ngokushesha, ngakho-ke idivaysi izokhombisa ukuthi ibhethri ayisasetshenziswa.

Ungalihlola kanjani ibhethri lemoto ngomhloli wamanje obandayo we-cranking?

I-plug plug, eyenzelwe ukukala umthamo webhethri, yathathelwa indawo intuthuko entsha - umhloli wokubanda obandayo. Ngaphezu kokulinganisa umthamo, idivayisi ilungisa ukumelana ngaphakathi kwebhethri futhi, ngokuya ngalezi zimingcele, kunqunywa ukuthi amapuleti ayo asesimweni esinjani, kanye ne-current start current.

I-CCA ipharamitha ekhombisa ukusebenza kwebhethri eqhweni. Kuya ngokuthi umshayeli angayiqala yini imoto ebusika.

Kubahloli balolu hlobo, izingqinamba ezinama-multimeter kanye nama-plugs wokulayisha zisusiwe. Nazi ezinye izinzuzo zokuhlolwa ngale divayisi:

• Ungalinganisa ukusebenza kwebhethri okudingekayo noma kudivayisi ekhishiwe;
• Ngesikhathi senqubo, ibhethri alikhishwa;
• Ungasebenzisa isheke izikhathi eziningi ngaphandle kwemiphumela emibi ebhethri;
• Idivayisi ayidali isifunda esifushane;
• Ithola futhi isuse ukungezwani komhlaba, ngakho-ke akudingeki ulinde isikhathi eside ukuze izelaphe.

Izitolo eziningi ezithengisa amabhethri azivamile ukusebenzisa le divayisi, hhayi ngenxa yezindleko zayo. Iqiniso ngukuthi ipulagi yokulayisha ikuvumela ukuthi unqume ukuthi ibhethri likhishwa malini ngaphansi komthwalo obukhali, futhi i-multimeter idinga ukuvuselelwa kuphela.

Lapho ukhetha ibhethri elisha, ukuhlolwa komhloli kuzobonisa umthengi ukuthi kufanele yini ukuthatha into ethile noma cha. Amandla we-cranking azobonisa ukuthi ngabe ibhethri liphelelwe yisikhathi noma lide. Lokhu akusizi ngalutho ezitolo eziningi, ngoba amabhethri anempilo yawo eshalofini, futhi kungaba nempahla eningi ezinqolobaneni.

Ukuhlolwa kwebhethri ngedivayisi yokulayisha (okokukhulula)

Le ndlela yokuhlola ibhethri yemoto iyona esebenzisa izinsiza kakhulu. Inqubo izothatha isikhathi nemali ethe xaxa.

Idivayisi yokulayisha isetshenziselwa izinjongo zesevisi yesiqinisekiso kuphela. Ilinganisa amandla okusala webhethri. Idivayisi yokukhipha ichaza amapharamitha amabili abalulekile:

1. Qalisa izakhiwo zomthombo wamandla - yimaphi amandla wamanje aphezulu akhiqizwa yibhethri isikhathi esincane (futhi esinqunywe ngumhloli);
2. Amandla webhethri agciniwe. Le parameter ikuvumela ukuthi unqume ukuthi imoto ingasebenza isikhathi esingakanani ebhetri uqobo uma i-generator ingasasebenzi;
3. Ikuvumela ukuthi uhlole amandla kagesi.

Idivayisi iyalikhipha ibhethri. Ngenxa yalokho, uchwepheshe ufunda ngokugcinwa kwamandla (amaminithi) namandla wamanje (ampere / ihora).

Ukuhlola izinga le-electrolyte ebhetri

Le nqubo isebenza kuphela kumamodeli angasetshenziswa. Amamodeli anjalo athinteka ekuhwamukeni koketshezi olusebenzayo, ngakho-ke umnikazi wemoto kufanele ahlole njalo izinga lalo bese enza ukungabikho kwevolumu.

Abashayeli abaningi benza lokhu kuhlolwa kwamehlo. Ukuthola incazelo enembe kakhudlwana, kunethubhu ekhethekile engilazi engenalutho, evulwe emaphethelweni womabili. Kukhona isikali ezansi. Izinga le-electrolyte lihlolwe ngale ndlela elandelayo.

Ishubhu lifakwa ekuvulekeni kwethini lize liyeke kumeshi wokuhlukanisa. Vala phezulu ngomunwe. Sikhipha ishubhu, futhi nenani liketshezi elikulo lizokhombisa izinga langempela embizeni ethile.

Uma inani le-electrolyte ezitsheni lingaphansi kwamasentimitha angu-1-1,2, ivolumu igcwaliswa ngamanzi acwecwe. Kwesinye isikhathi ungagcwalisa i-electrolyte elungisiwe, kepha kuphela uma uketshezi luphume ebhethri, futhi lungazange lubile.

Amamodeli amaningi webhethri afakwe iwindi elikhethekile, lapho umenzi anikeze khona inkomba ehambelana nesimo somthombo wamandla:

• Umbala oluhlaza - ibhethri ijwayelekile;
• Umbala omhlophe - udinga ukushaja kabusha;
• Umbala obomvu - engeza amanzi nokushaja.

Ihlola ngenjini egijima

Lezi zilinganiso zisiza kakhulu ukuthola ukusebenza kwe-generator, noma kunjalo, ngokungaqondile, amanye amapharamitha angakhombisa nesimo sebhethri. Ngakho-ke, lapho sixhume i-multimeter kumatheminali, sithatha izilinganiso kumodi ye-V (voltmeter).

Ngaphansi kwesimo sebhethri esijwayelekile, isibonisi sizokhombisa i-13,5-14V. Kuyenzeka ukuthi umshayeli alungise inkomba ngaphezu kokujwayelekile. Lokhu kungakhombisa ukuthi umthombo wamandla uyadedelwa futhi enye into ingaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu ngenkathi izama ukushaja ibhethri. Kwesinye isikhathi kuyenzeka ukuthi ebusika, inethiwekhi yemoto ebhodini iqale ukushaja okuthuthukile ukuze ngemuva kokuthi injini icishiwe, ibhethri liqale injini.

Musa ukushaja ngokweqile ibhethri. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-electrolyte izobilisa ngaphezulu. Uma i-voltage inganciphi, kufanelekile ukucisha injini yomlilo yangaphakathi nokuhlola amandla ebhethri. Futhi akulimazi ukubheka i-generator voltage regulator (okunye ukungasebenzi kahle kwale divayisi kuchaziwe lapha).

Amanani wokushaja amabhethri aphansi akhombisa nokungasebenzi kahle kwe-generator. Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kokugijimela esitolo ukuthola ibhethri noma i-generator entsha, qiniseka ngokulandelayo:

• Ngabe bonke abathengi bamandla emotweni bacishiwe;
• Siyini isimo samatheminali ebhethri - uma kukhona i-plaque, khona-ke kufanele isuswe nge-sandpaper.

Futhi, ngenkathi imoto isebenza, amandla we-generator ayahlolwa. Abathengi bakagesi bavuleka kancane kancane. Ngemuva kokusebenza ngakunye kwamadivayisi, ileveli yokushaja kufanele yehle kancane (ngaphakathi kuka-0,2V). Uma kwenzeka ukwehla kwamandla amakhulu, lokhu kusho ukuthi amabhulashi agugile futhi adinga ukushintshwa.

Ukuhlola injini icishiwe

Zonke ezinye izinkomba ziyahlolwa lapho imoto ingasebenzi. Uma ibhethri liphansi kakhulu, kuzoba nzima noma kungenzeki ukuqala imoto ngaphandle ezinye izindlela... Amanani wezinga lokukhokhwa ashiwo ekuqaleni kwendatshana.

Kunobuqili obubodwa obudinga ukucatshangelwa lapho uthatha izilinganiso. Uma inqubo yenziwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokumiswa kwenjini, izinga lamandla kagesi lizobe liphakeme kunangemuva kokumiswa komshini. Ngenxa yalokhu, kufanele kuhlolwe kusimo sesibili. Yile ndlela umshayeli azonquma ngayo ukuthi amandla agcinwa kahle kangakanani emthonjeni wamandla.

Futhi ekugcineni, iseluleko esincane kodwa esibalulekile esivela kugesi osebenza ngogesi maqondana nokukhishwa kwebhethri ngenkathi imoto imile:

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Wazi kanjani uma ibhethri lakho lilibi? Amandla ebhethri angabhekwa ngokuvula i-beam ephezulu imizuzu engama-20. Uma ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi isiqalisi singeke sikwazi ukucwiliswa, sekuyisikhathi sokushintsha ibhethri.

Ungahlola kanjani ibhethri ekhaya? Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga i-multimeter kumodi ye-voltmeter (isethelwe kumodi engu-20V). Ngama-probes sithinta amatheminali ebhethri (omnyama khipha, obomvu plus). Okujwayelekile kungu-12.7V.

Ungalihlola kanjani ibhethri lemoto ngesibani? I-voltmeter nesibani esingu-12-volt kuxhunyiwe. Ngebhethri elisebenzayo (ukukhanya kufanele kukhanye imizuzu engu-2), ukukhanya akufihli, futhi i-voltage kufanele ibe ngaphakathi kwe-12.4V.