Ukudluliswa okwenziwa ngesandla - i-gearbox eyirobhothi

Noma iyiphi imoto yesimanje ngeke ikwazi ukuqala nokuhamba ngokushelelayo uma kungekho okudlulisayo kudivayisi yayo. Namuhla, kunezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene zazo zonke izinhlobo zama-gearbox, angavumeli umshayeli kuphela ukuthi akhethe inketho evumelana namandla akhe wezinto ezibonakalayo, kepha futhi enza kube nokwenzeka ukuthola induduzo enkulu ngokushayela.

Kafushane ngezinhlobo eziyinhloko zokudlulisa ezichazwe ku ukubuyekeza okuhlukile... Manje ake sikhulume ngokuningiliziwe mayelana nokuthi uyini u-gearbox oyi-robotic, umehluko wawo omkhulu kusuka ku-gearbox oshintshwayo, futhi ucabangele nomgomo wokusebenza kwalolu phiko.

Uyini u-gearbox oyirobhothi

Ukusebenza kuka-gearbox kucishe kufane ne-analogue yemishini ngaphandle kwezinye izici. Idivayisi yerobhothi ifaka izingxenye eziningi ezakha uhlobo lomshini webhokisi esevele lijwayele wonke umuntu. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwerobhothi ukuthi ukulawula kwayo kungohlobo lwe-microprocessor. Kuma-gearbox anjalo, ukuhanjiswa kwamagiya kwenziwa nge-elekthronikhi kususelwa kudatha evela ezinzwa zenjini, i-pedal pedal namasondo.

Ibhokisi le-robotic lingabizwa nangokuthi umshini ozenzakalelayo, kepha leli igama elingalungile. Iqiniso ngukuthi ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo kuvame ukusetshenziswa njengomqondo ojwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, i-variator efanayo inemodi ezenzakalelayo yokushintsha izilinganiso zamagiye, ngakho-ke kwabanye ibuye ibe yi-othomathikhi. Eqinisweni, irobhothi liseduze nebhokisi elenziwe ngomshini kanye nenqubo yokusebenza.

Ngaphandle, akunakwenzeka ukuhlukanisa ukudluliswa okwenziwa ngesandla kusuka kokudlulisayo okuzenzakalelayo, ngoba bangaba nesikhethi nomzimba ofanayo. Ungahlola ukudluliswa kuphela ngenkathi imoto ishayela. Uhlobo ngalunye lweyunithi lunezici zalo zomsebenzi.

Inhloso enkulu yokudlulisa amarobhothi ukwenza ukushayela kube lula ngangokunokwenzeka. Umshayeli akadingi ukushintsha amagiya eyedwa - uphiko lokulawula luyawenza lo msebenzi. Ngaphezu kokunethezeka, abenzi bokudlulisa abazenzakalelayo balwela ukwenza imikhiqizo yabo ishibhile. Namuhla, irobhothi uhlobo lwesabelomali kakhulu lwe-gearbox ngemuva kwemishini, kepha alunikeli induduzo enjalo yokushayela njenge-variator noma i-othomathikhi.

Umgomo ka-gearbox we-robotic

Ukudluliswa kwamarobhothi kungashintshela esivinini esilandelayo ngokuzenzakalela noma ngomzuzwana. Esimweni sokuqala, iyunithi ye-microprocessor ithola amasiginali avela kuzinzwa, ngesisekelo lapho i-algorithm ehlelwe ngumenzi ibangelwa khona.

Amabhokisi amaningi wamagiya afakwa ngesikhethi esizisebenzelayo. Kulokhu, isivinini sisazovuleka ngokuzenzakalela. Ukuphela kwento ukuthi umshayeli angazimela ngokuzimela ngesikhathi sokushintsha igiya eliphezulu noma eliphansi. Okunye ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo kohlobo lweTiptronic kunomgomo ofanayo.

Ukukhulisa noma ukwehlisa isivinini, umshayeli uhambisa isigwedlo sokukhetha esiya + noma esiya -. Ngenxa yalolu khetho, abanye abantu babiza lokhu kudluliswa kulandelana noma kulandelana.

Ibhokisi lamarobhothi lisebenza ngokulandela uhlelo olulandelayo:

1. Umshayeli ufake ibhuleki, aqale injini futhi anyakazise isigwedlo sesikhethi semodi yokushayela ukubeka ku-D;
2. Isiginali evela kuyunithi iya kuyunithi yokulawula ibhokisi;
3. Ngokuya ngemodi ekhethiwe, iyunithi yokulawula isebenzisa i-algorithm efanelekile lapho iyunithi izosebenza khona;
4. Ngesikhathi sokuhamba, izinzwa zithumela amasiginali "ebuchosheni belobhothi" mayelana nejubane lemoto, mayelana nomthwalo weyunithi yamandla, kanye nangemodi yamanje yebhokisi likamagiya;
5. Lapho nje izinkomba zingasavumelani nohlelo olufakwe efektri, uphiko lokulawula lukhipha umyalo wokushintshela kwelinye igiya. Lokhu kungaba ukukhuphuka noma ukwehla kwejubane.

Lapho umshayeli eshayela imoto ngemishini, kufanele ezwe imoto yakhe ukuze anqume isikhathi sokushintshela kwesinye isivinini. Ku-analogue eyirobhothi, inqubo efanayo iyenzeka, kuphela umshayeli akudingeki acabange ukuthi uzosusa nini isigwedlo sokushintshela endaweni ayifunayo. Esikhundleni salokho, i-microprocessor iyakwenza.

Isistimu ibheka lonke ulwazi kuzo zonke izinzwa bese ikhetha igiya elilungile lomthwalo othize. Ukuze i-elekthronikhi ikwazi ukushintsha amagiya, ukudluliselwa kune-actuator ye-hydromechanical. Kwinguqulo ejwayelekile, esikhundleni se-hydromechanics, kufakwa idrayivu kagesi noma i-servo drive, exhuma / inqamule iklatshi ebhokisini (ngasendleleni, lokhu kunokufana okufana no-gearbox othomathikhi - i-clutch ayitholakali lapho idluliselwa khona ngesandla, okungukuthi eduze kwe-flywheel, kodwa endlini uqobo ukudluliswa).

Lapho iyunithi yokulawula inika isignali yokuthi sekuyisikhathi sokushintshela esivinini esihlukile, idrayivu yokuqala kagesi (noma i-hydromechanical) servo drive icushwa kuqala. It disengages the bamba ingxabano indawo. I-servo yesibili bese ihambisa amagiya emshinini iye endaweni oyifunayo. Bese eyokuqala idedela kancane ibamba. Lo mklamo uvumela indlela yokusebenza ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza komshayeli, ngakho-ke, umshini onokudlulisa amarobhothi awunaso isisekelo sokubamba.

Amabhokisi amaningi wamagiya kusikhethi anezikhundla zamagiya eziphoqelelwe. Lokhu okubizwa ngokuthi yi-tiptronic kuvumela umshayeli ukuthi azilawule ngokuzimela isikhathi sokushintshela esivinini esiphezulu noma esiphansi.

Idivayisi ye-Robotic gearbox

Namuhla, kunezinhlobo eziningi zokudluliswa kwamarobhothi ezimoto zabagibeli. Zingahluka komunye nomunye kuma-actuator, kepha izingxenye eziyinhloko zihlala zifana.

Nawa ama-node afakwe ku-gearbox:

1. Bamba. Ngokuya ngomkhiqizi nokuguqulwa kweyunithi, lokhu kungaba yingxenye eyodwa enendawo yokushayisana noma ama-disc amaningi afanayo. Ngokuvamile, lezi zakhi zitholakala kwisipholisi, esiqinisa ukusebenza kweyunithi, siyivimbele ekushiseni ngokweqile. Inketho ekhethwa kuqala noma ephindwe kabili ithathwa njengesebenza kahle kakhulu. Kulokhu kuguqulwa, ngenkathi kufakwa igiya elilodwa, isethi yesibili ilungiselela ukuvula ijubane elilandelayo.
2. Ingxenye eyinhloko ibhokisi elijwayelekile elenziwa ngomshini. Umkhiqizi ngamunye usebenzisa imiklamo ehlukene yokuphathelene. Isibonelo, irobhothi elivela kuhlobo lweMercedes (i-Speedshift) ngaphakathi liyi-7G-Tronic transmission ezenzakalelayo. Umehluko kuphela phakathi kwamayunithi ukuthi esikhundleni sesiguquli se-torque, i-clutch enamadiski amaningi wokungqubuzana isetshenziswa. Ukukhathazeka ngeBMW kunendlela efanayo. U-gearbox wayo weSMG ususelwe ku-gearbox odonsa ngamagiya ayisithupha oshintshwayo.
3. Clutch nokudlulisa drive. Kukhona izinketho ezimbili - nge-drive kagesi noma i-analogue ye-hydromechanical. Esimweni sokuqala, bamba isibambo motor kagesi, futhi elesibili - amasilinda wokubacindezela nge EM valve. Idrayivu kagesi isebenza kancane kunama-hydraulic, kepha ayidingi ukugcinwa kwengcindezi engaguquguquki kulayini, lapho kusebenza khona uhlobo lwe-electro-hydraulic. Irobhothi le-hydraulic liqhubekela esigabeni esilandelayo ngokushesha okukhulu (imizuzwana engu-0,05 uma kuqhathaniswa nemizuzwana engu-0,5 ye-analogue kagesi) Ugearbox kagesi ufakwa ikakhulu ezimotweni zesabelomali, futhi kufakwa u-gearbox onogesi we-hydromechanical ezimotweni zezemidlalo ze-premium, ngoba isivinini se-gearshift sibaluleke kakhulu kuzo ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukunikezwa kwamandla ku-shaft drive.
4.  Inzwa. Kunezingxenye eziningi ezinjalo kurobhothi. Baqapha amapharamitha amaningi wokudlulisa, ngokwesibonelo, ukuma kwezimfoloko, ukuvukela kokufaka kanye nokukhipha imiphongolo, lapho kukhiwe khona inkinobho yesikhethi, izinga lokushisa lesipholisi, njll. Lonke lolu lwazi lunikezwa umshini wokulawula indlela.
5. I-ECU iyunithi ye-microprocessor lapho ama-algorithms ahlukene ahlelwe khona ngezinkomba ezihlukile ezivela ezinzwa. Le yunithi ixhunywe kuyunithi enkulu yokulawula (lapho kuvela idatha yokusebenza kwenjini), kanye nezinhlelo zokukhiya amasondo ngogesi (i-ABS noma i-ESP).
6. Ama-Actuator - amasilinda wokubacindezela noma izinjini zikagesi, kuya ngokuguqulwa kwebhokisi.

Imininingwane yomsebenzi we-RKPP

Ukuze imoto iqale kahle, umshayeli kufanele asebenzise isembe sokubamba kahle. Ngemuva kokuthi efake igiya lokuqala noma elibuyela emuva, udinga ukukhulula ngokushelela iphedali. Lapho umshayeli esezwile ngokubandakanyeka kwama-disc, njengoba ededela i-pedal, angangeza i-RPM enjini ukuze imoto ingami. Le yindlela esebenza ngayo imishini.

Inqubo efanayo yenzeka kumlingani we-robotic. Kulesi simo kuphela ikhono elikhulu alidingeki kumshayeli. Udinga kuphela ukuhambisa inkinobho yebhokisi iye endaweni efanele. Imoto izoqala ukuhamba ngokuhambisana nezilungiselelo zophiko lokulawula.

Ukuguqulwa okulula kwe-single-clutch kusebenza njengemishini yakudala. Kodwa-ke, ngasikhathi sinye, kunenkinga eyodwa - i-elekthronikhi ayiqophi impendulo ye-clutch. Uma umuntu ekwazi ukunquma ukuthi kudingeka ngokushelela kangakanani ukukhulula i-pedal esimweni esithile, i-automation isebenza ngokuqinile, ngakho-ke ukuhamba kwemoto kuhambisana namajezi abonakalayo.

Lokhu kuzwakala ikakhulukazi ekuguqulweni nge-drive kagesi yama-actuator - ngenkathi igiya lishintsha, i-clutch izoba sesimweni esivulekile. Lokhu kuzosho ukuphuka kokuhamba kwetorque, ngenxa yokuthi imoto iqala ukuhamba kancane. Njengoba ijubane lokujikeleza kwamasondo selivele lingahambisani negiya elihlanganyele, kwenzeka ijezi elincane.

Isixazululo esisha sale nkinga kube ukuthuthukiswa kokushintshwa kwezinto ezimbili. Ummeleli wesiteleka sokudluliswa okunjalo yiVolkswagen DSG. Ake sihlolisise izici zayo.

Izici zegearbox gearbox weDSG

Isichazamazwi sisho u-gearbox oqondile wokushintsha. Eqinisweni, lawa angamabhokisi amabili womshini afakwe endlini eyodwa, kepha ngephuzu elilodwa lokuxhuma ku-chassis yomshini. Indlela ngayinye ine-clutch yayo.

Isici esiyinhloko salokhu ukuguqulwa imodi yokukhetha kuqala. Okungukuthi, ngenkathi ishafula lokuqala lisebenza ngegiya elibandakanyiwe, i-elekthronikhi isivele ixhuma amagiya ahambisanayo (lapho kusheshiswa ukwandisa igiya, lapho kuncipha - ukwehlisa) kushaft yesibili. I-actuator eyinhloko idinga kuphela ukunqamula i-clutch eyodwa bese ixhuma enye. Ngokushesha nje lapho isignali itholwa kusuka kwiyunithi yokulawula ukushintshela kwesinye isigaba, iklatshi elisebenzayo liyavulwa, bese kuthi eyesibili enamagiya asevele yanamatheliswa ixhunywe ngokushesha.

Lo mklamo ukuvumela ukuthi uhambe ngaphandle kwamajezi aqinile lapho usheshisa. Ukuthuthukiswa kokuqala kokuguqulwa okukhethiwe kwavela kuma-80s wekhulu lokugcina. Kuliqiniso, lapho-ke kwafakwa amarobhothi ane-clutch ekabili ku-rally nezimoto ezijaha lapho ukushesha nokunemba kokushintshwa kwamagiya kubaluleke kakhulu.

Uma siqhathanisa ibhokisi le-DSG ne-othomathikhi yakudala, inketho yokuqala inezinzuzo eziningi. Okokuqala, ngenxa yesakhiwo esijwayeleke kakhulu sezinto eziyinhloko (umenzi angathatha noma iyiphi i-analogue eyenziwe ngomshini njengesisekelo), ibhokisi elinjalo lizoshibilika uma lithengiswa. Into efanayo ithinta ukugcinwa kweyunithi - imishini ithembekile futhi kulula ukuyilungisa.

Lokhu kunike amandla umenzi ukuthi akwazi ukufaka ukuhambisa okusha kumamodeli wesabelomali wemikhiqizo yabo. Okwesibili, abanikazi bezimoto abaningi abano-gearbox onjalo babona ukwanda komnotho wemoto uma kuqhathaniswa nemodeli efanayo, kodwa no-gearbox ohlukile.

Onjiniyela bokukhathazeka nge-VAG benze izindlela ezimbili zokudlulisa kwe-DSG. Enye yazo ifakwe ilebuli engu-6, kanti enye ingu-7, ehambelana nenani lezinyathelo ezisebhokisini. Futhi, i-automatic speed-six isebenzisa i-clutch emanzi, ne-analogue enejubane eziyisikhombisa isebenzisa i-clutch eyomile. Ngemininingwane eminingi ngobuhle nobubi bebhokisi le-DSG, nokuthi imodeli ye-DSG 6 yehluke kanjani kolungiso lwesikhombisa, kuchazwe ku isihloko esihlukile.

Izinzuzo nokungalungi

Uhlobo lokucatshangelwa olucatshangelwayo lunezinhlangothi zombili ezinhle nezimbi. Izinzuzo zebhokisi zifaka:

• Ukudluliswa okunjalo kungasetshenziswa kuhambisana neyunithi yamandla cishe yawo wonke amandla;
• Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-variator kanye nomshini ozenzakalelayo, inguqulo ye-robotic ishibhile, yize lokhu kungukuthuthuka okusha;
• Amarobhothi athembekile kunamanye ama-transmissions azenzekelayo;
• Ngenxa yokufana kwangaphakathi nemishini, kuba lula ukuthola uchwepheshe ozoqala ukulungisa lolu phiko;
• Ukushintshwa kwegiya okusebenza kahle kuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kagesi ngaphandle kokwenyuka okukhulu ekusetshenzisweni kukaphethiloli;
• Ngokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle, umshini ukhipha izinto ezingeyona ingozi emvelweni.

Naphezu kwezinzuzo ezicacile ngaphezu kokunye ukuthunyelwa okuzenzakalelayo, irobhothi linezinkinga ezimbalwa ezibalulekile:

• Uma imoto ifakwe irobhothi elilodwa, khona-ke uhambo emotweni enjalo alunakubizwa ngokuthi lukhululekile. Lapho kushintshwa amagiya, kuzoba namajezi abonakalayo, kube sengathi umshayeli uphonsa isigwedlo bamba kumakhenikha.
• Esikhathini esiningi, i-clutch (ukuzibandakanya okuncane okushelelayo) kanye nama-actuator ayahluleka kuyunithi. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukulungisa ukuhanjiswa, ngoba banensiza yokusebenza encane (cishe amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu). Akuvamile ukuthi ama-servos alungiswe futhi indlela entsha iyabiza.
• Ngokuphathelene bamba, insiza disc nalo lincane kakhulu - mayelana 60 ayizinkulungwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, cishe engxenyeni yesisetshenziswa kuyadingeka ukwenza "ukuxhumana" kwebhokisi ngaphansi kwesimo sobuso bokungqubuzana kwezingxenye.
• Uma sikhuluma ngokuguqulwa okukhethiwe kwe-DSG, khona-ke kufakazelwe ukuthi ithembeke ngokwengeziwe ngenxa yesikhathi esincane sokushintsha amagiya (ngenxa yalokhu, imoto ayihambi kancane). Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ukunamathela kusenenkinga kubo.

Ngokubheka lezi zinto ezisohlwini, singaphetha ngokuthi maqondana nokwethenjelwa nempilo yokusebenza, omakhenikha abakalingani namanje. Uma kugcizelelwa ukunethezeka okuphezulu, khona-ke kungcono ukhethe i-variator (siyini isici sayo, funda lapha). Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukudluliswa okunjalo ngeke kunikeze ithuba lokonga uphethiloli.

Ekuphetheni, sinikeza ukuqhathanisa okufushane kwevidiyo yezinhlobo eziyinhloko zokudluliswa - ubuhle nobubi babo:

Ungayikhetha kanjani imoto, yiliphi ibhokisi elingcono: i-othomathikhi, i-variator, irobhothi, imishini

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-automaton nerobhothi? Ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo kusebenza ngezindleko zokuguqula i-torque (akukho ukuhlanganisa okuqinile ne-flywheel ngokusebenzisa i-clutch), futhi irobhothi lifana nemishini, isivinini kuphela esishintshwa ngokuzenzakalelayo.

Ungawashintsha kanjani amagiya ebhokisini lamarobhothi? Umgomo wokushayela irobhothi ufana nokushayela umshini othomathikhi: imodi oyifunayo ikhethwa kusikhethi, futhi isivinini senjini silawulwa yi-gas pedal. Izivinini zizoshintsha ngokwazo.

Mangaki ama-pedal akhona emotweni enerobhothi? Nakuba irobhothi ngokwesakhiwo lifana nomakhenikha, i-clutch iyazikhipha ngokuzenzakalela ku-flywheel, ngakho-ke imoto enomshini werobhothi inamaphedali amabili (igesi namabhuleki).

Indlela yokupaka kahle imoto ngebhokisi lamarobhothi? Imodeli yaseYurophu kufanele ipakwe kumodi engu-A noma ngegiya elihlehlayo. Uma imoto ingeyaseMelika, khona-ke kukhona imodi ye-P kusikhethi.