Izinhlobo zokudlulisa

Ukudluliselwa kuyingxenye ebalulekile yanoma iyiphi imoto, ngenxa yalokho ongakwenza kalula:

• shintsha i-torque yenjini;
• lawula ijubane nokuqondiswa kwemoto;
• phula ngokuphepha ukuxhumana phakathi kwenjini namasondo.

Izinhlobo zokudlulisa

Iqiniso ngukuthi kunezinhlobo eziningi zamabhokisi wamagiya afakwe kuzo izimoto, futhi kunzima ukucubungula ngokuningiliziwe izici zalowo nalowo kuzo ngaphakathi kohlaka lwendatshana eyodwa. Ake sibheke izinhlobo ezimbalwa eziyisisekelo zama-gearbox atholakala ezimotweni eziningi zesimanje.

I-CVT

Lolu hlobo lokudlulisa lubizwa nangokuthi ukudluliswa okuqhubekayo okuguqukayo noma i-CVT. Ukudluliswa kwe-CVT ukwahluka kokudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo, futhi okukuhlukanisa nazo zonke ezinye izinhlobo ukusheshisa okushelelayo.

Izinzuzo ze-CVT:

• ukusetshenziswa kahle kwamandla enjini ngenxa yokulungiswa okuphezulu komthwalo we-chassis ngejubane le-crankshaft;
• ukusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli kufinyelelwa;
• ukudluliswa okuqhubekayo kwe-torque kwenziwa;
• Izinga elihle kakhulu lokunethezeka ngenkathi ushayela.

Okubi kwalolu hlobo lwe-gearbox yilena:

• imikhawulo enanini le-torque edlulisiwe;
• ubunzima obuphezulu bezobuchwepheshe bomklamo;
• kubiza kakhulu ukuyigcina.

Njengamanje ama-gearbox we-CVT asetshenziswa kakhulu ezimotweni zakwaNissan, Subaru, Honda, Fiat, Opel, Chrysler, Mini, Mitsubishi brand. Muva nje, kube nokujwayela ukwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwama-variator gearboxes.

Kusebenza kanjani ukudluliswa kwe-CVT?

Ake sinake kancane ukusebenza kwe-variators, ngoba, ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zama-gearboxes, adlulisa i-torque esebenzisa amagiya, kuma-variator leli torque lidluliselwa ngensimbi, nge-V-belt noma ngeketanga eliguquguqukayo.

IV variator variator iqukethe eyodwa noma, ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu, amabhande amabili okushayela. Ukudluliswa kufaka amanye ama-washer amabili nama-disc amabili aqoshiwe abhekene.

Umfutho we-Hydraulic, amandla we-centrifugal kanye ne-spring force asetshenziselwa ukuletha izigaxa ndawonye futhi azihlukanise. Ama-disc tapered anama-degree angama-20 angled ukusiza ibhande lihambe ebusweni be-washer ngokumelana okuphansi kakhulu.

Indlela yokusebenza ye-variator isuselwa ekuguqukeni okungaguquguquki kobubanzi bebhande ngokuya ngezimo zokusebenza kwenjini. Ububanzi be-washer buyashintshwa kusetshenziswa idrayivu ekhethekile. Lapho uqala imoto, i-drive pulley ye-variator inebubanzi obuncane kunazo zonke (ama-disc tapered atholakala kude ngangokunokwenzeka).

Njengoba ijubane landa, ibhande liya kububanzi obukhulu be-roller drive. Ngale ndlela, ukudluliswa kwe-CVT kungagcina ijubane elikhulu lenjini ngenkathi ngasikhathi sinye inikeza amandla amakhulu futhi inikeze amandla emoto amahle kakhulu.

Ngamanye amagama, i-V-chain variator ifinyelela ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu ngokulahleka kwamandla okuncane kakhulu ngesikhathi sokujikeleza. Kumabhokisi wamagiya e-variator kusetshenziswa uhlelo lokulawula i-elekthronikhi, ngenxa yalokho ushintsho oluvumelanayo kububanzi bama-washer lwenziwa ngokuya ngezimo zokusebenza kwenjini.

I-CVT ilawulwa yisikhethi segiya, futhi izindlela zokulawula ziyefana nezokudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo, umehluko ukuthi i-variator inomsebenzi wokukhetha igiya ohleliwe. Lo msebenzi uxazulula ikakhulukazi inkinga engokwengqondo yabashayeli abakuthola kunzima ukujwayela ijubane lenjini eliqhubekayo ngenkathi ushayela. Lo msebenzi unamagama ahlukile ngokuya ngomkhiqizi (Sportronic weMitsubishi, Autostick for Chrysler, njll.)

Ukulandelana ngokulandelana (okulandelanayo)

Kuze kube muva nje, ukuthunyelwa okulandelanayo noma okulandelanayo bekusetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ezithuthuthu nasezimotweni ezigijimayo, kepha eminyakeni yamuva nje zifakiwe nasezimotweni ezibizayo.

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwama-gearbox ajwayelekile nalandelanayo ukuthi kuma-gearbox ajwayelekile ungakhetha noma yiliphi igiya, ngama-gearbox alandelanayo ungakhetha kuphela futhi uhambise amagiya aseduze (aphezulu noma aphansi kunalawo asetshenziswe ngaphambili).

Yize kufana ekwakhiweni nasekusebenzeni kwe ukudluliswa kwemishini, ezilandelanayo azinayo i-clutch pedal. Ngamanye amagama, i-clutch ayilawulwa ngumshayeli, kodwa yiyunithi ye-elekthronikhi, ethola isignali evela kuzinzwa. Benza igiya elidingekayo ngengcindezi efanelekile kuma-accelerator pedal.

Izinzuzo:

• hlinzeka ngesivinini esikhulu nokulula kokushintsha phakathi kwamagiya - ngenxa yeyunithi yokulawula i-elekthronikhi, isikhathi sokushintsha igiya sincishisiwe (kufika kuma-millisecond angu-150);
• lapho ushintsha amagiya, ijubane alilahlekile;
• ukonga uphethiloli ukusetshenziswa;
• ukukhethwa kokushintshwa kwegiya okwenziwa ngesandla noma okuzenzakalelayo (okubizwa nge- "sport mode").

Umthengi:

• ukungazinzi ngaphansi kwemithwalo ephezulu kanye nokugqoka okusheshayo - izakhi zalolu hlobo lwama-gearbox zithambile kakhulu futhi ziyazwela, okuholela ekugqokeni okusheshayo;
• uma ungazi ukuthi uliphatha kanjani kahle ibhokisi, amathuba okulayishwa kwalo aphezulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke amathuba ezinkinga ezenzekayo nawo aphezulu;
• ukuthunyelwa kungaba nzima ngokwengeziwe futhi kungabi bushelelezi kakhulu lapho ushayela ezimweni zasemadolobheni futhi ngejubane eliphansi;
• izindleko eziphezulu zokulungisa - Ama-gearbox alandelanayo ayimishini enomklamo oyinkimbinkimbi, okwandisa ngokungenakugwemeka izindleko zawo zokunakekela.

Ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo

Abashayeli abaningi bajwayele ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo okudala. Ake sicabangele kafushane ukuthi kuyini. Ekudluliseni ngesandla, lapho ushintsha igiya, kufanele ucindezele ama-clutch pedals bese uhambisa isigwedlo endaweni efanele. Ekuthumeleni okuzenzakalelayo, akudingeki wenze cishe noma yini, ngoba zilawulwa ngokuzenzakalela ngokuphelele (ngeyunithi yokulawula ngogesi).

Izinzuzo:

• ukuguquguquka kwegiya elibushelelezi futhi elizenzekelayo ngokuphelele lokuthola induduzo enhle yokushayela;
• bamba akudingi ukushintshwa ngezikhathi ezithile;
• imoto ingakwazi ukuzivumelanisa kalula nemodi yakho yokushayela;
• ukusebenza okulula, okuvumela ngisho nabashayeli abangenalwazi ukuthi basheshe bafunde ukusebenzisa i-automatic transmission;
• Inikeza impendulo esheshayo kuzinguquko zamagiya.

Umthengi:

• idivayisi eyinkimbinkimbi;
• inani eliphakeme uma liqhathaniswa nokudluliswa ngesandla;
• izindleko zesondlo eziphakeme;
• ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okuphezulu nokusebenza kahle kancane uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhanjiswa ngesandla.

U-gearbox kaDSG

U-gearbox kaDSG, obizwa nangokuthi i-dual clutch transmission, uyehluka ngokudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo futhi ungenye yezinhlobo zama-gearbox athola inzalo eyandayo.

Yini okukhethekile ngalolu hlobo lokudlulisela? Uhlelo lusebenzisa imikhuba emibili ekushintsheni kwamagiya ashesha ngokwedlulele, okwenza izinguquko ezicashile kuzinguquko zamagiya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu hlobo lokuhambisa luvamise ukuhambisana nesibambo esengeziwe esiteshini sokushayela semoto esivumela ukushintshwa kwamagiya ngesandla uma umshayeli ethatha isinqumo (i-paddle shifters).

Isebenza kanjani i-DSG?

Njengoba sekushiwo, lolu hlobo luka-gearbox lunezindunduma ezimbili. Lapho i-clutch eyodwa isebenza egiyeni lamanje, enye i-clutch ilungisa igiya elilandelayo, inciphisa kakhulu izikhathi zokushintsha. Izimoto ezibili zokubamba azinayo i-clutch pedal njengoba ivula futhi izikhulula ngokuzenzakalela.

Amagiya amaningi e-DSG asebenzisa isikhethi esizishintshayo ukushintsha izindlela zokushayela. Kwi-Drive noma kwi-Sport mode, i-dual-clutch transmission isebenza njenge-auto automatic transmission. Kumodi ethi “D”, umshini wokudlulisa ushintsha ngaphambili ukuze unciphise umsindo wenjini futhi kwandiswe ukonga kukaphethiloli, kuyilapho kumodi ethi “S”, ama-downshift abanjwa isikhashana ukuze injini ikwazi ukugcina amandla ayo.

I-DSG itholakala ngezinguqulo ezimbili - i-DSG 6 ne-DSG 7. Eyokuqala ingu-gearbox onamagiya ayisithupha. Ikhishwe ngabakwaVolkswagen ngo-2003, futhi okungavamile ukuthi i-clutch ekabili imanzi (okungukuthi, amagiya ayo acwiliswe kancane esitsheni samafutha).

Ububi obukhulu be-DSG 6 ukulahlekelwa amandla okuphawulekayo ngenxa yokuthi isebenza ngowoyela. Yingakho ngo-2008 iVolkswagen yethula inguqulo yayo entsha, i-DSG 7 (i-seven-speed dual-clutch transmission), esebenzisa i-clutch eyomile.

Iseluleko! Uma unokukhetha phakathi kwezinketho ezimbili (i-DSG 6 ne-DSG 7), khetha eyokuqala - zihlala isikhathi eside.

Ubuhle nobubi be-DSG:

Inzuzo ebaluleke kakhulu yokudluliswa kwe-clutch kabili ukuthi inezici zokudluliswa kwesandla futhi ibahlanganise nokunethezeka nokulula kokudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo.

Ububi bayo ukukhawulwa kokudluliswa. Njengoba inenani elinqunyiwe lamagiya, ukuhambisa akuhlali kukwazi ukugcina isivinini senjini esihle kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-DSG awakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngokusetshenziswa okuncane kwephethiloli. Okubi, singangeza inani eliphakeme kakhulu nensizakalo ebizayo.

I-Tiptronic

I-Tiptronic yibhokisi elisebenza ngesimiso somshini, umehluko wukuthi ayikho i-clutch pedal. Esikhundleni salokho, ukuhanjiswa okulingwayo kunezindlela ezilawulwa ngekhompuyutha ezinqamula futhi zibambe i-clutch lapho kudingeka kwenziwe amashifu.

Lokhu kuvumela ikhompyutha ukulawula izinguquko zamagiya ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa umuzwa wokushayela imoto yokudlulisa ngesandla. Phakathi kwezinzuzo zalolu hlobo lwe-gearbox:

• ukushintsha kwejubane ngokushelelayo;
• intengo enengqondo.

Okubi ngukuthi udinga isikhathi esithile ukujwayela ukusebenza ne-tiptronic.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Mangakhi ama-gearbox akhona? Zimbili izinhlobo zama-gearbox seziphelele: ozishintshayo noma oshintshwayo. Ngokuqondene noomakhenikha, kungase kuhluke kweminye imininingwane. Amabhokisi azenzakalelayo angahluka kakhulu.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zama-automatic transmissions akhona? Ukuhanjiswa okuzenzakalelayo kufaka phakathi: i-othomathikhi (ene-torque converter - i-othomathikhi yakudala), i-variator (ukudluliselwa okuguquguqukayo okuqhubekayo) kanye nerobhothi (i-analogue ezenzakalelayo yomakhenikha).

Imuphi u-gearbox ongcono kakhulu? Kuncike ekusebenzeni okufiswa umshayeli. Ukuze uthole ukulawula okuphelele kwenqubo yokushayela - mechanics. Kubathandi benduduzo - enye yezinketho ezizenzakalelayo. Kodwa ukushayela kwezemidlalo kusebenza kakhulu kumakhenikha.