Yini i-minivan nezici zayo

Ukuze uthakazelise umthengi, abakhiqizi bezimoto bakhiqiza izimoto ezinezinhlobo ezahlukene zomzimba. Ngokuvamile lokhu kungukuguqulwa kwabagibeli, ngokwesibonelo, umabhebhana, phindisela emuva noma inqola yesiteshi.

Kwabashayeli bezimoto abanomndeni omkhulu noma osomabhizinisi, izimoto azisebenzi, ngakho-ke zenzelwe uhlobo olukhethekile lomzimba - iveni. Ake sicabangele ukuthi yiziphi izici zayo ezihlukile, ukuthi ungahlukanisa kanjani nebhasi, nokuthi yiziphi izinzuzo nezinkinga zezimoto ezinjalo.

Yini iveni?

Ngokusho kokuhunyushwa kwezwi nezwi kusuka esiNgisini, iveni yiveni elincane. Kodwa-ke, leli nani alenele ukuveza kahle lolu hlobo lomzimba, njengoba abanye beludidanisa netekisi.

Amapharamitha main evenini:

• Ivolumu eyodwa (ayikho i-hood) noma umzimba owodwa nohhafu (ukuguqulwa kwesigamu se-hood), muva nje kunezinketho zamavolumu amabili (enekhanda eligcwele);
• Imigqa emithathu yezihlalo, i-salon yenzelwe abantu abangafika ku-9 abanomshayeli;
• Umzimba uphakeme kunowenqola yesiteshi, kepha awukwazi ukuma egumbini elisegumbini njengakwibhasi elincane;
• Ukushayela imoto enjalo, ilayisense enesigaba esivulekile "B" yanele;
•  Izicabha zangemuva zinamahinji noma ziyashibilika.

Kuhlobo lwakudala, i-minivan inesimo esingenakhanda. Kuchazwa ngeqiniso lokuthi igumbi lenjini emotweni lisondele kakhulu egumbini labagibeli. Ngenxa yalokhu, umenzi unxephezela ubukhulu obuhle bemoto.

Ukushayela imoto enjalo akunzima kangako njengokushayela imoto ejwayelekile yomgibeli, ngakho-ke le moto ibhekwa njengemoto yabagibeli, futhi awudingi ukuyivulela isigaba esehlukile. Amavans amaningi ama-mini anebhonethi ecishe ime mpo futhi abukeka njengokuqhubeka kwesivikelo somoya. Lo mklamo uyathandwa ngabaqalayo abaningi, ngoba umshayeli angabona umgwaqo kangcono kunabalingani abane-hood egcwele.

Esinye isici sama-minivans yizici zabo ezinhle kakhulu zokuguqulwa. Kumamodeli amaningi, imigqa engemuva ingahanjiswa eduze komugqa wangaphambili ukuze inikeze isikhala semithwalo ethe xaxa.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-sedans, ama-hatchbacks, izinqola zesiteshi nezinye izinhlobo zomzimba ezifanayo, i-minivan iyona ethokomele kakhulu. Izihlalo zabagibeli zingahlanganiswa zilandelana, noma zingaba nedizayini ehlukile enezingalo zomuntu ngamunye.

Lolu hlobo lwezokuthutha luthandwa kakhulu ngabantu bomndeni, kanye nakubashayeli bamatekisi. Ngomshini onjalo, ungahlela ibhizinisi elincane (lapha imibono eyisishiyagalombili yebhizinisi kubanikazi bezimoto). Imvamisa, izinkampani ezinkulu zithenga izimoto ezinjalo ukuhambela izinkampani. Kuhambo lwezivakashi nokuvakasha okuhlala ubusuku bonke, lezi zimoto nazo zilungile.

Umlando weMinivan

Ekuqaleni kokudalwa kwama-minivans, lezo zimoto zazinesimo esimangazayo, ngakho-ke zazingathandwa kakhulu. Ukuthuthukiswa kwalolu hlobo lomzimba bekucatshangwa ukuthi kwakha imoto yomgibeli evulekile kakhulu.

I-monocab yokuqala emhlabeni yi-Alfa 40-60 HP Aerodinamica, imoto yase-Italy esekwe ku-ALFA 40/60 HP, imoto yezemidlalo ekhiqizwe phakathi kuka-1913 no-1922 (namuhla lo mkhiqizi waziwa njenge-Alfa Romeo).

Isibonelo semoto yokuqala ithuthukise isivinini esikhulu esingu-139 km / h. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezimoto kwaphela ngenxa yeMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Ngemuva kokuphela kwempi, ukuthuthukiswa kwesibonelo "kwaqandeka" ngenxa yokuthuthuka okusebenzayo kwemidlalo yezimoto. I-monocab ayizange ingene ochungechungeni ngenxa yamaphutha amaningi (amafasitela asemaceleni enziwe ngendlela yama-portholes, akhulise kakhulu indawo engaboni yomshayeli).

Imoto yokuqala ephelele i-American Stout Scarab. Yakhiwa kusukela ngo-1932 kuya ku-1935. Ngasohlangothini, imoto ibukeka kancane njengebhasi elincane. Ngokungafani nezimoto zangaleso sikhathi, le moto yayakhiwe ngemuva. Ngenxa yalokhu, ingxenye engaphambili yancishiswa kakhulu, futhi abantu abayisithupha babekwazi ukungena ngokukhululekile kule ndlu.

Isizathu sokudalwa komklamo onjalo kwakuyintshisekelo eyengeziwe yokuthuthukisa izici ze-aerodynamic zemoto. Umakhi wemoto, uWilliam B. Stout, ubize ubuchopho bakhe ngokuthi "ihhovisi elinamasondo."

Kufakwe itafula nezitulo ezisuswayo ngaphakathi emotweni, ezingashintshaniswa ngo-180 degrees. Lokhu kwasiza izingxoxo zebhizinisi ngqo esalon yemoto.

Enye prototype evenini yesimanje - imoto nomkhiqizi ezifuywayo - NAMI-013. Imodeli yayinokuhlelwa kwenqola (injini yayingengaphambi kwemoto, kodwa ngemuva - ngokwesimiso seStout Scarab, futhi yinqwaba kuphela yomzimba womzimba eyahlukanisa umshayeli nomgwaqo). Imoto yasetshenziswa kuphela njengesibonelo futhi yaqedwa ngo-1954.

"Okhokho" olandelayo bama-monocabs anamuhla yi-Fiat 600 Multipla. Ukuhlelwa kwenqola kuvunyelwe ukukhulisa umthamo we-minicar ngamaphesenti angama-50 ngaphandle kokunweba umzimba. I-salon inezintambo ezintathu zezihlalo ezimbili. Ukuthuthukiswa kwemoto kwaqhubeka kusuka ku-1956 kuya kuma-1960. Iphrojekthi ivaliwe ngenxa yezidingo eziqinile zokuphepha (enguqulweni yenqola, umshayeli nomgibeli wangaphambili abavikelekile nganoma yini esimweni esiphuthumayo).

Imodeli ephumelele kakhulu ngokuhlelwa kwenqola kwakuyiVolkswagen Transporter (ekhiqizwa kusukela ngo-1950 kuze kube namuhla) - imoto ethandwa kakhulu yenkathi yamahippie. Kuze kube manje, le modeli iyadingeka phakathi kwabathandi bezimoto ze-volumetric.

Ngokwamaphepha, le moto ibhekwa njengemoto yabagibeli (isigaba selayisense "B" sanele), kodwa ngaphandle inokufana netekisi, yingakho abanye bekusho ukuthi kulesi sigaba.

Enye imodeli ephumelelayo yamatekisi aseYurophu yiRenault Espace, eyaqala ukuhlangana ngo-1984. Ngokusho kweningi, imodeli ibhekwa njengeveni elincane lomndeni wokuqala emhlabeni.

Ngaxeshanye, ukuthuthukiswa kwalokhu ukuguqulwa izimoto umgibeli wenziwa eMelika. Ngo-1983 kwavela:

• IKharavani kaDodge;
• UPlymouth Voyager;
• Idolobha nezwe laseChrysler.

Lo mbono wathathwa abancintisana nabo - uGeneral Motors noFord. Ngo-1984 kwavela:

• I-Chevrolet Astro;
• I-GMC Safari;
• IFord Aerostar.

Ekuqaleni, ama-minivans ayedonsa ngamasondo angemuva. Kancane kancane, ukudluliswa kwathola ukuqhutshwa okugcwele nangamasondo angaphambili. Ezigabeni zokuqala zokukhiqiza, ezinye izinkampani zasindiswa ekuqothulweni ngokunembile ngenxa yokwethulwa kwamaveni amancane kulayini wokukhiqiza. Enye yalezi zinkampani yayingummeleli weBig Three - Chrysler.

Ekuqaleni, amamodeli wokukhiqiza aseMelika abukeka njengamaveni amancane. Kodwa ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-90 kwavela okuhlukile okunomzimba wokuqala, ngenxa yokuthi behluke kakhulu kozakwabo abafana nezimoto ezithengisayo ("impumulo" ebukhali nesimo se-teardrop).

Izinhlobo nosayizi

Ngokungafani nesigaba "sedan", "hatchback" "liftback", njll. I-minivan ayinaso isigaba esiqinile. Phakathi kwalokhu kuguqulwa kuhlukile:

• Usayizi ogcwele nosayizi ophakathi;
• Kuhlangene;
• Mini ne-micro.

Usayizi ogcwele nosayizi ophakathi nendawo

Abamele abakhulu kunabo bonke bakulolu hlobo. Ubude, zifinyelela kusuka kumamilimitha angama-4 kuya kumamitha amahlanu noma ngaphezulu. Ngokuvamile lezi izinhlobo zaseMelika, kepha kunezinketho ezifanele phakathi kozakwabo baseYurophu. Phakathi kwabamele lesi sigaba:

• IChrysler Grand Voyager - 5175 мм.;
• IToyota Sienna - 5085 mm;
• I-Renault Grand Espace - 4856 мм.;
• IHonda Odyssey - 4840 mm .;
• Peugeot 807 - 4727 mm.

Usayizi omangalisayo nengaphakathi elibanzi livumela imoto ukuthi isetshenziselwe ukuhamba okude nomndeni omkhulu.

Ihlangene

Ubude bomzimba onjalo buhluka kusuka kumamilimitha angama-4 kuya ku-200. Imvamisa le mishini isuselwa endaweni yesikhulumi sabamele isigaba segalufu. Izimoto zomndeni zalolu hlobo zithandwa kakhulu eYurophu naseMpumalanga. Zijwayelekile kakhulu kumamodeli aseMelika.

Abamele lesi sigaba yibo:

• IMazda 5 - 4585 mm.;
• IVolkswagen Touran - 4527 мм.;
• I-Renault Scenic - 4406 мм.

Mini ne-micro

Isigaba samatekisi sifaka abamele ubude bomzimba obufinyelela ku-4 mm. I-micro van class ifaka amamodeli anobude bomzimba obufinyelela ku-100 mm. Amamodeli anjalo athandwa kakhulu ngenxa yomnotho wawo nosayizi omncane.

Isigaba esincane sivame kakhulu eJapan, China naseNdiya, ngoba izimoto ezinkulu kakhulu zenani lezindawo ezinabantu abaningi, kepha ikhabini lazo lisabalele impela. Phakathi kwabamele isigaba bavelele:

• UChery Riich - 4040 mm.;
• I-Daihatsu Atrai Wagon - 3395 мм .;
• IHonda Acty 660 Idolobha - 3255 mm.

Kwesinye isikhathi iveni idalwa ngesisekelo seveni, okuyinkimbinkimbi yokuhlukaniswa okunembile kwalolu hlobo lomzimba.

Izinketho ezingajwayelekile

Uma kukhulunywa ngamaveni amancane, abaningi bazothi umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalezi zimoto ukubukeka kwazo kwasekuqaleni. Ifomu elingenayo i-hoodless noma i-half-hood libukeka lingavamile (uma kuqhathaniswa nezimoto zakudala ezinamavolumu amabili noma amathathu).

Kodwa-ke, njengoba ubona esithombeni esingezansi, kwesinye isikhathi umzimba one-aerodynamics eyandisiwe ungaba yinqaba impela. IToyota Previa MK1 inesakhiwo saphakathi nenjini (injini itholakala ngaphansi kwaphansi kwegumbi lomgibeli).

ICompact MPV evela kumkhiqizi wase-Italy i-Fiat ibukeka ihlekisa kancane. Imodeli ye-Multipla 2001-2004 yayinefomula yokuhlala yasekuqaleni - imigqa emibili yezihlalo ezintathu.

Usihlalo wesikhungo ubukeka njengengane kunabantu abadala ngokugcwele. Ngendlela, lokhu kubekwa kwesihlalo bekubekwe njengenye yezindlela zokwandisa induduzo kubazali nasenganeni phambi kwekhabini.

Enye imodeli engavamile yiChevrolet Uplander, ekhiqizwa kusuka ngo-2005 kuya ku-2009. Imodeli enomumo womzimba omabili obonakalayo ibukeka njenge-crossover kuneveni elincane.

IVolkswagen idale imoto encane engajwayelekile. Esikhundleni salokho, iyingxube yeveni kanye neloli lokuthwala. Imodeli yeTristar ifana neTransporter ejwayelekile, kuphela ngomzimba esikhundleni sengxenye yekhabethe.

Isixazululo sokuqala sangaphakathi semoto kuvele kwaba yisihlalo somshayeli esijikayo nesihlalo somgibeli esihoqekayo. Kubekwa itafula elincane phakathi kwabo.

Njengoba indawo yokulayisha imithwalo yehliswe kakhulu, kwathathwa isinqumo sokwenza ifloor ephindwe kabili, lapho izinto ezazingabekwa ngaphezulu.

Enye indlela engajwayelekile yiRenault Espace F1, imoto yombukiso evela kumkhiqizi waseFrance, eyenzelwe ukuhlonipha iminyaka engu-10 yokukhiqizwa kwemodeli futhi enesikhathi sokuhambisana nokubamba iqhaza kwenkampani emijahweni yasebukhosini. Ngo egumbini injini imodeli efakwe V-ezimise 10-isilinda injini Williams.

Itekisi elithuthukisiwe lashesha lafika ku-100 km / h. ngemizuzwana eyi-6, ijubane elikhulu lingamakhilomitha angama-270 / ngehora, futhi kuthathe amamitha angama-600 kuphela ukuma ngokuphelele.

Embukisweni wezimoto iTokyo ngo-Okthoba 2017, kwaToyota bethule iMVV eyi-compact compact yokuqala yasekuqaleni, iTJ Cruiser. Njengoba kuchazwe ngumenzi, uphawu lukaTJ luchaza ngokunembile ukubukeka - i-Toolbox Joy “ibhokisi lamathuluzi” kanye “nenjabulo, ubumnandi”. Imoto ibukeka njengebhokisi impela, kepha, njengoba umenzi waqinisekisa, imoto yadalelwa ukujabulisa ukuhamba.

Ungaphambanisi nekhumbi

Abanye abashayeli babiza ikhumbi ngokuthi ikhumbi. Eqinisweni, lezi izinhlobo ezahlukene zezimoto, nakuba ngaphandle zingase zibe nomklamo ofanayo. Kokubili phakathi kwamabhasi amancane naphakathi kwamaveni kukhona izinhlobo zemizimba yevolumu eyodwa nezimbili (ingxenye yehood kanye nophahla noma ingxenye yabagibeli ihlukaniswa ngokubonakalayo).

Ukudweba umugqa phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo zomzimba, udinga ukukhumbula:

1. Ikhumbi linezihlalo ezingu-9, kanti ikhumbi inenani elingenani elingu-10, nenani eliphakeme libe yi-19;
2. Ekhunjini ungama uze ufike ubude bakho obuphelele, futhi evenini ungahlala kuphela;
3. I-minibus ifaneleka kakhulu ngezinjongo zokuthengisa, isibonelo, njengetekisi elingaguquki noma njengetekisi elithwala impahla. Iminivan ifaneleka kakhulu ukuthwala inani elincane labagibeli, isibonelo, njengokudluliselwa kwesikhumulo sezindiza-ihhotela-isikhumulo sezindiza;
4. Iminibus ihlukaniswa njengemoto yezentengiselwano (ilayisensi ye-D1 iyadingeka ukuze uyishayele), futhi iveni elincane isigaba semoto yomgibeli (ilayisensi enesigaba B iyanele).

Ngokuyisisekelo, i-minivan inesakhiwo somzimba wevolumu eyodwa enesakhiwo sebhonethi yesigamu kanye neminyango engu-4-5. Lo mklamo ufana nenguqulo ekhulisiwe yenqola yesiteshi. Ihlanganisa ukusebenza ngezinga eliphezulu lokunethezeka nokuphepha kubo bonke abagibeli.

Ubuhle nobubi be-minivan

Uma ucabanga ukuthi itekisi ingukuvumelana phakathi kwemoto yomgibeli nemoto yezentengiselwano kunesigaba somzimba esihlukile, lapho-ke ayinazo izinzuzo kuphela kepha inokubi. Izinzuzo zifaka izinzuzo kunezimoto zakudala zabagibeli. Okubi kubonakala lapho kuqhathaniswa itekisi evenini noma evenini.

Ama-minivans anenani le:

• I-salon ebanzi. Ngisho nohambo olude alukhathazi kangako ngenxa yokunethezeka okwandisiwe, okwakhelwa lolu hlobo lomzimba.
• Isiqu somzimba. I-minivan ilungele uhambo lwezivakashi. Ngaphezu kwawo wonke amalungu omndeni, imoto izolingana nazo zonke izinto ezilusizo ukuhlala edolobheni lamatende noma emathangeni emvelo.
• Ngenxa yekhono lokusonga umugqa ongemuva, isiqu sikhuphuka kabili noma kathathu (kuye ngokwakhiwa kwezihlalo), okuvumela imoto ukuthi isetshenziselwe ukuthutha impahla.
• Imoto sibonga okusebenzayo ngokuhlanganiswa okuhle komthamo omkhulu nobukhulu obuncane. Kuyaziwa phakathi kosomabhizinisi abaningi, ngoba asikho isidingo sokuvula isigaba sezimpahla kumalungelo okuphatha ezokuthutha.
• Ama-minivans asesimweni sakudala (amise okwehlayo) anezici ezinhle kakhulu ze-aerodynamic, okusho ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kuphansi kunezinye izinhlobo zezimoto zabagibeli.
• Ngisho nabantu abade bazozizwa bekhululekile ekamelweni ngesikhathi sohambo, kungakhathalekile ukuthi bahlala kuliphi irowu.
• Iningi lamaveni amancane alungele ukuthutha asebekhulile nabakhubazekile, ngoba izinyathelo zokuhamba kaningi aziphakeme.
• Ngokombono wezobuchwepheshe, imoto ihlinzekwa njengemoto ejwayelekile yomgibeli.

Kanye nezinqola zesiteshi, lolu hlobo lomzimba luhlotshaniswa nemoto yomndeni. Imvamisa, abantu abasha bakhetha imishini enjalo, ngoba ingafakwa ngohlelo olukhulu lokulalelwayo namavidiyo.

Kodwa-ke, yize kunezinzuzo eziningi kangaka, "ukuyekethisa" phakathi kwenqola yesiteshi kanye nebhasi eligcwele kugcwele izinkinga zalo. Phakathi kwazo:

• Ukuphathwa evenini kubi kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nenqola yesiteshi noma i-sedan. Njengoba imoto ivame ukuba phezulu, umoya ophambanayo uphoqa umshayeli ukuba anciphise ijubane.
• Uma kuqhathaniswa nebhasi eligcwele noma ikhumbi, abagibeli kuleli gumbi abanethezekile kangako. Isibonelo, udinga ukungena emotweni igobile kancane.
• Ngokuvamile, lokhu kuthutha kufakwa injini yamandla aphansi. Ngenxa yalokhu, imoto ayinamandla njengezimoto eziningi zabagibeli ezinomzimba ohlukile. Njengoba abakhiqizi begxila ekusebenzeni, isivinini esiphezulu emotweni asiphezulu kakhulu.
• Ebusika, ingaphakathi lithatha isikhathi eside ukufudumala, ngoba isiqu asihlukanisiwe nengxenye enkulu yangaphakathi.
• Ama-minivans amaningi afakwe ukumiswa okuqinisiwe ukuze abe namandla okwanele okuphakamisa lo sayizi. Uma ushayela kumaqhubu, imoto engenalutho ayizinzile futhi ayizizwa kahle kuyo.
• Ngenxa yokuthi iveni yakhelwe njengenye indlela yekhumbi noma iveni, ayikulungele ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke njengemoto enkulu.
• Izinhlobonhlobo zosayizi ogcwele nobukhulu obuphakathi akulula ukuphatha, ikakhulukazi emadolobheni anomgwaqo omningi.

Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, iveni yisixazululo esifanelekile sohambo lomndeni olude, amaqembu amnandi entsha, uhambo lwenkampani neminye imicimbi lapho iveni noma ikhumbi ibingasetshenziswa. Lolu hlobo lomzimba luyindlela yesabelomali yezimoto ezithengiswayo.

Amamodeli adumile

Ama-minivans adumile phakathi kwabashayeli abanomndeni omkhulu. Ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo, lolu hlobo lomzimba lunqoba imakethe ngokuzethemba, njengama-crossovers.

Izinga lamaveni omndeni ahamba phambili lifaka amamodeli alandelayo:

• Ukuphila kwe-Opel Zafira;
• Toyota Alphard;
• Toyota Venza;
• Mercedes-Benz Vito (V-Class);
• Volkswagen Multivan T6;
• IVolkswagen Touran;
• SsangYong Korando Touring;
• I-Peugeot Traveller;
• I-Citroën C4 Grand Picasso;
• I-Renault Scenic.

Ividiyo ngesihloko

Sengiphetha, bukela ividiyo emfushane mayelana namaveni amahle anesitayela:

Ama-Minivans Angcono Kakhulu Emhlabeni

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Yiziphi izimoto ezihlukaniswa njengamaveni amancane? Iveni elincane ngokuvamile linohlobo olulodwa lwevolumu noma ivolumu emibili (ihood ihlukaniswa ngokucacile ophahleni noma ngokubukeka iyingxenye yesakhiwo).

Zingaki izihlalo ezisevenini? Umthamo wemoto yalesi sigaba ifinyelela kubantu abayisishiyagalolunye, kuhlanganisa nomshayeli. Uma kunezihlalo zabagibeli ezingaphezu kuka-8 endaweni yabagibeli, khona-ke lokhu sekuvele kuyikhumbi.

Kungani ibizwa nge-minivan? Ngokwezwi nezwi lisuka esiNgisini (iMinivan) lihunyushwa njengeveni elincane. Ngokuvamile izimoto ezinjalo ziyivolumu eyodwa noma eyodwa nengxenye (ihood encane, futhi injini iphinde ifakwe endaweni yabagibeli).